Scotch Irish pioneers in Ulster and America

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SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

IN ULSTER AND AMERICA

BY

CHARLES KNOWLES BOLTON

Author of "The Private Soldier Under Washington," Etc.

WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS DRAWN BY
ETHEL STANWOOD BOLTON

BOSTON

BACON AND BROWN

1910

Copyright, 1910, by
Charles Knowles Bolton

PREFACE

•

The following pages attempt for the first time a syste-
matic treatment of the beginning of a migration of settlers
of Scotch and English descent from the north of Ireland to
the New World. Parker, Perry, Green, Hanna and other
writers have collected much of general history and tradi-
tion ; and they have so pictured the Scotch traits developed
under Irish skies, that Scotch Irish blood, once a reproach,
is now cause for pride. But the conditions in Ireland be-
fore the migration, the voyage across the ocean, the emi-
grants as they appeared to early observers — these phases of
the story have now for the first time been treated in detail,
drawing upon hitherto unexplored sources. If a large part
of our American population traces back to Ulster, the early
religious, political and economic life of the valleys of the
Foyle and the Bann should interest many, for many,
whether they are aware of it or not, are descended from the
Scotch Irish. Clergymen and statesmen have from genera-
tion to generation extolled the rugged virtues of these
pioneers, and a closer study of their lives will, it is hoped,
deepen the hold which they already have upon our affec-
tions.

There has been a constant temptation to include in this
study some account of emigrants from the west of Scot-
land; they had very much in common with their Ulster
friends and kinsmen. But however desirable a wide scope
may be, it has been my purpose here to include only those
who were influenced by the peculiar environment of a life
upon Irish soil.

238143

iv PREFACE

I am grateful to many for assistance: To the trustees
of the Boston Public Library for the use of many books
relating to Ireland, a few of them purchased at my sug-
gestion; to the Hon. James Phinney Baxter for his per-
sonal helpfulness as well as for access to his unrivaled
manuscript material relating to Maine; to Mr. Julius H.
Tuttle of the Massachusetts Historical Society; to Mr.
Edmund M. Barton and Mr. Clarence S. Brigham of the
American Antiquarian Society ; to Mr. "William P. Greenlaw
of the New England Historic Genealogical Society; to Dr.
Bernard C. Steiner of the Maryland Historical Society,
and to Mr. Alexander S. Salley, Jr., Secretary of the His-
torical Commission of South Carolina. I am under great
obligation, also, to Dr. Hugh S. Morrison, coroner of
Coleraine and Aghadowey, Ireland; to the Rev. Crawford
Hillis of Tanvally Fort, County Down; to Mr. W. T.
Pike of Brighton, England, publisher of an elaborate work
on Belfast and the Province of Ulster; to the editor of
the "Ulster Journal of Archaeology"; and to others who
are mentioned in connection with each chapter.

C. K. B.

Pound Hill Place,
Shirley.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER pAGE

I. Ireland and New England before 1714 . 1

II. Ireland's Eelation to Maryland, Pennsyl-
vania and South Carolina before 1718 . 21

III. Economic Conditions in Ulster, 1714-1718 37

IV. Political and Religious Conditions in

Ulster, 1714-1718 60

V. The Rev. William Homes and the Rev.

Thomas Craighead ..... 79

VI. Ulster and the Presbyterian Ministry in

1718 91

VII. Aghadowey and the Session Book . . 119

VIII. The Arrival of "Five Ships" in August,

1718 130

IX. The Winter of 1718-1719 in Boston . . 154

X. The Years 1718 and 1719 in Worcester; and
in the Settlements at Rutland, Pelham
and Palmer ...... 177

XI. The Winter of 1718-1719 in Dracut, An-

DOVER, AND IN CASCO BAY . . . 196

XII. The Years 1718 and 1719 at Merrymeeting

Ba y 215

vi CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

XIII. NUTFIELD AND LONDONDERRY, 1719-1720 . 239

XIV. The Scotch Irish in Donegal, Derry, and

Neshaminy, Pennsylvania, after 1718 . 266

XV. The Scotch Irish in Charleston and Wil-
liamsburg, South Carolina, after 1718 . 285

XVI. The Character of the Scotch Irish . . 296

Index . . .379

APPENDICES

I. Ships from Ireland Arriving in New England,

1714-1720 317

II. The Petition to Governor Shute in 1718 . 324

III. Andrew McFadden's Transplanting to the

Province of the Massachusetts Bay in 1718 331

IV. (A) Members of the Charitable Irish Society

in Boston . 333

(B) Names of Fathers on the Presbyterian
Baptismal Records in Boston, 1730-1736 . 334

V. List of Existing Vital Records of Towns in

Ulster, begun before 1755 . . . 337

VI. Home Towns of Ulster Families, 1691-1718 . 339

ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

Londonderry, on the River Foyle . . Frontispiece
Redrawn from an Engraving made in 1793, by W. and
J. Walker

Ruins of the first Presbyterian Church built in

Ireland, at Ballycarry, County Antrim 3

Bangor Castle, County Down .... 7
Near the Home of the Rev. Robert Blair

The Rev. Cotton Mather ..... 16
Drawn by Sarah, wife of the Rev. John Moorhead,
probably after Peter Pelham

Ramelton, on Lough Swilly, County Donegal . 23

Early Home of the Rev. Francis Makemie of Maryland
and Virginia

Old House at Snow Hill, Maryland ... 26

Map of Maryland and Delaware .... 33

Road Map of the Bann Yalley .... 39

The Salmon Leap, near Coleraine and Somerset 53
With Ruins of Mount Sandall Fort on the Bank

Meeting House at Dungannon, County Donegal

Built before 1725 62

Redrawn from a View in the Ulster Journal of Archae-
ology, N. S., Vol. 1, Page 47

viii ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

The Town of Antrim on the River Braid . . 73
Where the Rev. John Abernethy Lived

Holy Hill House, Strabane, County Tyrone . 80
Standing when the Rev. William Homes was a Min-
ister in Strabane. Set on Fire when Derry was Be-
sieged

Donegal, County Donegal 86

Home Town of the Rev. Thomas Craighead of Freetown,
Massachusetts, Delaware, etc.

COLERAINE, ON THE BANN 97

The Ship "William" Sailed from Coleraine in 1718.
Drawing by John Huybers

Map op the Province of Ulster .... 103

Wall and Iron Gates enclosing the Site op the

Rev. James McGregor's Meeting House . 120

The Village Road east op McGregor's Meeting

House, in what is now called Ardreagh . 123

Residence of Dr. Hugh S. Morrison at Aghadowey 128

Lizard Manor, Aghadowey, residence of Charles

E. S. Stronge, Esq., J. P., D. L. . . . 129

Governor Winthrop's Mill at New London . . 137

South View op Belfast in 1789, from Mr. Joy's

Paper Mill 147

The Brigantine "Robert" Sailed from this Port in 1718

An 18th Century Brigantine .... 150
Redrawn from Price's View of Boston

ILLUSTRATIONS ix

PAGE

Map of Boston in 1722. Drawn by Captain John

Bonner ....... 161

The Rev. John Moorehead, "minister of a Church

of Presbyterian Strangers in Boston, ' ' 1730 167
Peter Pelham's Portrait, redrawn by John Huybers

Map of Massachusetts and New Hampshire . .178

Ancient house in Worcester, once owned by Alex-
ander McConkey ..... 189

Map of Casco Bay 204

Home built by Bryce McLellan at Falmouth in

1731 211

The Oldest House in Portland.

"Brunswick Town" 216

Part of Southack's Map of Casco Bay.

Meeting House and Session House at Londonderry,

New Hampshire ...... 245

Ancient Ballymoney, County Antrim . . . 253
Reconstructed from a Plan and Descriptions in the
Ulster Journal of Archaeology, N. S., Vol. 3, Page
151

Abraham Holmes ' Letter from the Church at

Aghadowey, County Londonderry, 1719 . 259

Beardiville, a house in Ballywillan, County An-
trim . ....... 265

Standing when the Griffins of Spencer and the Temple-
tons of Londonderry Lived at Ballywillan

x ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

Meeting House at Donegal, Pennsylvania . .273

Meeting House at Derby, Pennsylvania . .276

Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, 1740 . . 289
From Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of Amer-
ica. The Name was written Charlestown until 1783

Map of South Carolina 293

The Parish Church, Aghadowey .... 297
From a Photograph taken for this hook by Miss Pauline
Marian Stronge

A Ruined church in Kilrea, County Londonderry 302

Conagher's Farm, near Dervock, County Antrim . 311
Home of the McKinley Family

On the Aghadowey River ...*.. 313
From a Photograph by Miss Stronge

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

IRELAND AND NEW ENGLAND BEFORE 1714

On the map of Ireland the province of Ulster gath-
ers into a circle nearly a quarter of the territory of
the island. Its southerly bound runs from Donegal
Bay on the west to Carlingford Bay on the east. In
the centre of Ulster lies County Tyrone, with the
counties of Donegal, Londonderry, and Antrim
along its northern borders to fend the sea. This is
the heart of the Scotch Irish country. South of
County Tyrone are Fermanagh, Monaghan, and Ar-
magh, counties not so closely associated with early
Protestant migration. South of Monaghan, border-
ing the Roman Catholic province of Leinster, is
Cavan, and to the east, touching Armagh, lies
County Down whose shores are less than a dozen
miles from Ayrshire in Scotland.

Donegal and Tyrone are drained by the Finn and
the Mourne, two rivers which unite at Strabane to
form the Foyle. The Foyle flows northward across
Londonderry to the sea. From Lough Neagh on the
eastern border of Tyrone the Bann flows north also

2 SCOTCH IBISH PIONEEES

to the sea, separating the counties of Londonderry
and Antrim. The sonrce-lands of the Foyle and the
Bann had supported a Scotch population for several
generations before the year 1718 ; of this population
and its interest in America the following pages give
some account.

The temperature of Ulster is milder than that of
New England, and even warmer than will be found
in northern England. Snow rarely lies on the
ground over a month in the winter. The gaunt,
gloomy mountains and the barren moorlands give
some parts of the country a forbidding aspect.
There are fine streams which leap down the steeps
and gurgle through the rocky foot-hills, sweeping
gracefully and sleepily across the moors and mead-
ows toward the sea.

In the days of the early eighteenth century mills
for lumber and grain were dotted over this country,
and everywhere in Northern Ireland were the
patches of green grass upon which the flax was
spread to bleach in the sun.

The villages comprised usually little more than
a few houses along a winding country road, with a
lane here and there to tie a wayward hut to the
mother flock. The better houses were built with
thick walls of stone, sometimes with projecting but-
tresses and old-fashioned turrets. Their windows
were leaded, and over the door a carved stone gave
the birth-date of the house. Upon this stone was

IEELAND AND NEW ENGLAND 3

lavished all the art of which the dwelling could
boast. 1

Of the houses at Omagh an English traveller says :
"A number of the houses were thatched; being
repaired at different periods, as necessity required,
the roofs often presented a grotesque appearance,
and were decked in all the colours of the year; the
fresh straw of autumn on the part lately done, and

Ruins of the first Presbyterian Church built in Ireland
at Ballycarry, County Antrim

the green verdure of spring in the plentiful crop
of weeds which grew on the more ancient." 2

Of the people themselves much will be said from
time to time in these pages. The Irish or Celts were
everywhere, although less numerous than in the
Southern provinces. They were largely Eoman
Catholics and therefore at the time legally deprived
of the powers and privileges that the humblest la-

1 Gamble's Sketches of History, Politics and Manners in Dublin
and the North of Ireland in 1810, New Edition, 1826, pp. 284-286.

2 Ibid, p. 251.

4 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

borer today expects as a matter of right. In the
more remote regions the Irish were scarcely above
the condition of savages, living npon game and
abandoning agriculture to the conquering race.

The Scotch, invited by the King to inhabit confis-
cated Irish lands, were in almost every village, as
their Presbyterian chapels bore witness. But during
the century of their occupation of Ulster their thrift
and energy had battled with but moderate success
against the ravages of war and the burden of hostile
laws.

The third element in the population was the ruling
class. This class was largely English, supplemented
by Scotch and Irish landowners, nearly all of whom
through self-interest or conviction upheld the Estab-
lished Church, and by virtue of this allegiance had
access to the magistracy and the army.

Such a population offered endless opportunity for
friction and discontent. And yet had there been an
eighteenth century Lord Cromer to do for Ireland
what the present administrator has done for Egypt,
one may feel certain that the Irish question of today
would never have existed.

The Scotch Irish who came from Ireland to Amer-
ica are criticised for their personal habits as much
as they are praised for their more vital good quali-
ties. That these defects persisted in Ulster is con-
firmed by a generous and kindly English traveller,
John Gamble, who in 1810 saw them in their homes.

IRELAND AND NEW ENGLAND 5

Stopping at a roadside cottage one day for dinner
he decided that he wonld ask for eggs, as safer than
some other foods of unknown composition. The
good woman who presided over the home, roasted
an egg or two in ashes before her blazing fire. When
he asked if they were done "she took a long pin
with which she had been picking her teeth and thrust-
ing it into the side of the egg: — 'Ah! weel-a-wot,
snrr,' proceeded she, presenting it to him: 'it's as
weel done an egg as ony in Christendom. ' " Bread,
with butter dexterously spread with the thumb, after
the custom of the people, completed the meal. Mr.
Gamble then continues:

"A few years ago the Presbyterians in the Coun-
try parts of this Kingdom were not much cleaner
than their Scottish ancestors. The inside of a ves-
sel was seldom washed and the outside still sel-
domer. ' n

Confirmation of this view comes from Arthur Lee,
who visited Pittsburg in 1784. He describes the
town as inhabited almost entirely by Scots and
Irish, living "in paltry log-houses, and as dirty as
in the north of Ireland, or even Scotland." 2

But there were characteristics of these Scotch
Irish husbandmen more racial and permanent than
mere habits of cleanliness. Gamble was a shrewd

1 Gamble, p. 262.

2 Life of Arthur Lee, 1829, Vol. 2, p. 385. My attention has
been called to Lee and other writers by Mrs. Ruth D. Coolidge.

6 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

observer of these: "It is astonishing, ' ' he says,
"how little idea Presbyterians have of pastoral
beanty; the Catholic has ten times more fancy — bnt
a Presbyterian minds only the main chance. If he
builds a cottage, it is a prison in miniature; if he
has a lawn, it is only grass ; the fence of his grounds
is a stone wall, seldom a hedge. ... A Presby-
terian has a sluggish imagination : it may be awak-
ened by the gloomy or terrific, but seldom revels in
the beautiful." 1

These were the people whom we call Scotch Irish,
a term which was in use as early as the seventeenth
century. They came to America, not as discoverers,
but as the pioneers of their race ; they defended the
frontiers against Indians, and their numbers in the
South so much augmented the forces in the Revolu-
tionary army that they may fairly be said to have
saved Washington from defeat. To these people the
British Colonies in America were not unknown.
Intercourse between Ireland and New England has
gone on with little interruption from very early
days. During the first century after the settlement
of Boston, non-conformist ministers of Ireland and
New England were in close touch; members of the
Mather family were as familiar with the streets of
Dublin as they were with the three green hills in
the Bay colony's chief town; and more than one
early attempt was made to transplant Ulster set-

'Gamble, p. 348.

IRELAND AND NEW ENGLAND 7

tiers. Another century witnessed a steady migra-
tion of the Protestant inhabitants of Ulster, until
by estimation a third of the population had crossed
the Atlantic. During the last fifty years central and
southern Ireland have sent so many Roman Catholic
emigrants that our American cities one and all feel
the power of their numbers. The Atlantic States are

Bangor Castle, County Down
The Rev. Robert Blair preached at Bangor

today a New Ireland, influenced in the rural dis-
tricts by those of Scotch Irish descent, and governed
in the cities by the Celtic Irish.

In 1636 a desire to emigrate took firm hold upon
the people in the towns near Belfast. Their leaders
were four able men : the Rev. Robert Blair of Ban-
gor, county Down; the Rev. James Hamilton who

8 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

preached at Bally waiter, a little village a few miles
east of Belfast ; the Rev. John McLellan of the neigh-
boring town of Newtownards; and the Rev. John
Livingston who had been deposed from the chnrch
at Killinchy in the diocese of Down.

These earnest clergymen, living within the radins
of a few miles of Bangor, became more and more dis-
satisfied with the Established Chnrch and its order
of service. Blair was their leader, a man of "ma-
jestic, awfnl, yet amiable countenance, ' ' who gradu-
ally drew into his circle the clergymen of eight or
nine adjoining parishes. He was suspended from
his charge, and by the varying authorities reinstated
and twice deposed for non-conformity, and finally
his followers suffered a like fate. They found it dif-
ficult to preach in Ireland, and asked Livingston, a
very eloquent speaker, to visit Boston in company
with William Wallace, to obtain favorable terms
from the Governor living there for a settlement in
New England.

Mr. Wallace delayed so long to bid farewell to his
family that the two agents lost the desired ships
then sailing from London. Meeting Mr. John Hum-
phrey they agreed to go in his ship, and so were
unable to accept Mr. Bellingham's later offer of
passage in a larger ship. At Dorchester, England,
they tarried to listen to the Rev. John White, a pro-
moter of the colony of the Massachusetts Bay; at
last setting sail they encountered head winds and

IEELAND AND NEW ENGLAND 9

were forced to put in at Plymouth. There Wallace
fell ill, and they decided to abandon the voyage. Liv-
ingston never became an emigrant, but his son Bob-
ert settled later npon the Hudson, and the soil of
Livingston manor nurtured a race of American
statesmen and soldiers.

Persecution still continued in Ireland, and a kindly
invitation from the Governor and Council in New
England determined the leaders to order a ship to
be built for them near Belfast, of about one hundred
and fifty tons burden. Full of hope they named her
the " Eagle Wing," from that beautiful passage in
Exodus where the Lord said to Moses: "Ye have
seen what I did unto the Egyptians, and how I bare
you on eagles' wings, and brought you unto myself.
Now therefore, if ye will obey my voice indeed, and
keep my covenant, then ye shall be a peculiar treas-
ure unto me above all people: for all the earth is
mine. ' '

One cannot but wonder, recalling the little settle-
ment at Boston, what would have been the effect of
the arrival of four or live very able Presbyterian
ministers at that time. Blair and Livingston,
McLellan and Hamilton were men of education,
property, and family. Hamilton's uncle, Lord
Clandeboye, had befriended them; McLellan and
Livingston were by ties of marriage" or descent
closely allied with the Scottish aristocracy. Blair
was a prince among leaders, and rose to be mod-

10 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

erator of the General Assembly in Scotland ; in 1648
he represented it in an endeavor to have Cromwell
impose Presbyterianism upon England.

The "Eagle Wing" set sail September 9, 1636,
from Lough Fergus, but was soon compelled to put
in at Lough Eyan in Scotland to stop dangerous
leaks; she then turned her prow westward. Tem-
pestuous weather during the three or four hundred
leagues which the ship covered weakened and at last
crushed the rudder, "brake much of our gallion-
head, our fore-cross-tree, and tare our fore-sail;
five or six of our chainplaitts made up; ane great
beam under the gunner-roome door brake ; seas came
in over the round-house, and brake ane plank or two
in the deck, and wett all them that were between
decks. ' ' Thus Livingston tells of those trying days
when men worked incessantly at the pumps, and
repaired the damage from wave and wind as rapidly
as they could find opportunity. Meanwhile their
leader Blair lay ill in the cabin; some of the com-
pany of one hundred and forty passengers died, and
a baby came into that storm-tossed world of water.
When the captain, who did not dare to face another
hurricane off the New England coast, turned the lit-
tle ship toward Ireland the courageous Blair fell in
a swoon, unable to think of failure after so much
distress. Through it all Blair 's infant son, who had
been ill at departure, lived and even grew stronger,
so that, in the quaint language of the chronicle, "it

IEELAND AND NEW ENGLAND 11

pleesed the only wise God to twist in this small ply
in Mr. Blair's rod. ,n
* The early appearance of Scotch names in Amer-
ica is dne largely to the wars between England and
Scotland. Many prisoners taken at the battles of
Dunbar and Worcester were sold into service in the
colonies. These men worked ont their terms of serv-
itude at the Lynn iron works and elsewhere, and
founded honorable families whose Scotch names
appear upon our early records. No account exists
of the Scotch prisoners that were sent to New Eng-
land in Cromwell's time; at York in 1650 were the
Maxwells, Mclntires, Junkinses and Grants. The
Mackclothlans, 2 later known as the Claflins, gave a
governor to Massachusetts and distinguished mer-
chants to New York city. In Prendergast 's ' ' Crom-
wellian Settlement of Ireland' ' reference is made to
attempts to strengthen the Protestant population
of Catholic Ireland by offering inducements to New
England families to migrate. These efforts of 1651,
1655 and 1656 led to the transplanting of many
Yankee families to Limerick and Garristown, where
their descendants perhaps still reside.

During Charles the Second's time the harshness
of the laws in Scotland as well as in Ireland led to

1 Autobiographies of Blair and Livingston, published by the
Wodrow Society; also Dictionary of National Biography.

2 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Vol. 1,
p. 377. See also the Claflin Genealogy.

12 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEEES

many plans for removal to America. Hugh Camp-
bell, a Boston merchant, obtained permission from
the Bay colony in February, 1679-80, to transport
settlers from Scotland and establish them in the
Nepmug country 1 in the vicinity of Springfield.

None of these Scotchmen, however, can properly
be associated with Ulster, and their interest in Amer-
ica is not germain to our subject.

What object the captain of the ship George of
Londonderry had in his voyage to Boston in 1675
we now have no means of knowing. The records of
the Court of Assistants 2 show that the mariners of
the ship appealed to the authorities for payment of
wages. The names of the members of the crew were
Philip Owen, Charles Frost, John Bell, Arthur
Richards and William Maxfeild.

The next effort to establish a colony originated in
Ireland. Wait Winthrop in Boston wrote to his
brother Fitz- John of Connecticut December 29, 1684,
that a gentleman had lately come over, "a man of
some interest there,' ' and was looking out for a plan-
tation for about one hundred families. Winthrop
talked with him of Quinnebaug 3 and was told that
an abundance of people would come over if they
could be assured that they could have liberty of con-

1 Massachusetts Bay Colony Records, Vol. 5, p. 264.
3 Ibid, Vol. 1, p. 41.

s Plainfield, about twenty-nine miles north east of New London,
in Connecticut.

IRELAND AND NEW ENGLAND 13

science, their views being "much of the same stamp"
as those in New England. 1 We know that conditions
in a large part of Ireland were distressing ; this was
especially true in the counties of Derry and Donegal,
where many ministers of the presbytery of Lagan
resolved to emigrate to America. But the fever for
migration that was rising subsided upon the death
of Charles II, February 6, 1685; no movement to
New England took place, although a few settle-
ments were made in Maryland, Pennsylvania and
the Carolinas, where ships engaged in the tobacco
trade found their ports of destination. 2

With the coming of James II to power, Roman
Catholic influence began to be felt, and the Protes-
tant population of Ireland was sure to suffer. In
1686 and 1687 high offices in the church and army
were given to Papists, and an effort was made to
bring English universities under Catholic rule. The
Earl of Tyrconnel, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and
an influential member of the Roman Catholic party
at Court, at once "purged" the army in Ireland of
its Protestant officers. But perceiving an oppor-
tunity to show loyalty to King James by sending to
England three thousand men to aid him in his
encounter with William, Prince of Orange, "it
pleased God to so Infatuate the Councils of my Lord

1 Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, Series V, Vol.
8, p. 450.

2 See the next chapter.

14 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEEES

Tyrconnel," as Walker, historian of the siege, puts
it, that he sent ont of Ireland the Catholic regiment
quartered at Derry. Tyrconnel soon saw his error
in withdrawing this force from Derry, and dis-
patched the Earl of Antrim to the north. When the
news of Antrim's approach reached the city there
was great indecision; but caution soon gave way
before hotter blood, the bridge was drawn up and
the gates were locked. Thus began the defence of
Derry, April 20, 1689. Incident at once crowded
upon incident ; sally and assault, plot and treachery,
vacillation and courage gave to each day a new sen-
sation, until Colonel Lundy, commander of the be-
sieged forces, having advocated a secret withdrawal
of officers and gentlemen, leaving the citizens of
Derry to the mercy of the enemy, was forced to flee
in disguise with a pack on his back. Then in truth
began the famous days of waiting and fighting, un-
der the leadership of a militant clergyman, the Rev.
George Walker, rector of Donaghmore in County
Tyrone. To add to the distress of the besieged their
enemies drove thousands of women and children
from the neighboring towns under the walls of Derry
where they had, to be rescued and fed by a garrison
already short of stores. Then came the days when
horse flesh was served to the soldiers, while dogs
"fatned by eating the bodies of the slain Irish' '
sold by the quarter for five shillings and six pence,
and cats brought four shillings and six pence each.

IRELAND AND NEW ENGLAND 15

On the 30th of July, in the time of their direst ex-
tremity, two ships ladened with provisions came np
the Longh, broke the boom and reached the town
amid hysterical tears and thanksgiving. They had
but one pint of meal for each man and nine lean
horses left for food.

King William relieved the Presbyterians of some
of their bnrdens by obtaining through his influence
the Toleration Act (May 24, 1689) . The waste lands
soon began to respond to the plow, and thrifty set-
tlers from the Scottish lowlands and Lancashire
came over the water to aid those that had survived
the war.

Under Queen Anne (1702-1714) the Presbyterians
in Ireland again lost almost every advantage that
had been gained, and became by the Test Act of
1704 virtually outlaws. Their marriages were de-
clared invalid, and their chapels were closed. They
could not maintain schools nor hold office above that
of a petty constable.

The commercial acts of 1698, restricting the Irish
woolen industry and encouraging the manufacture
of linen, brought ultimate improvement in Ireland
because lands formerly devoted to grazing could now
be devoted in part to tillage; but for some years
immediately following the passage of the acts there
was great industrial depression. Distress due to the
lack of work, together with the want of religious
freedom and political opportunity, excited the sym-

16 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

pathy of non-conformists beyond the bounds of Ire-
land.

During these years the Eev. Cotton Mather was in

close touch with religious and political affairs in
Scotland and Ireland. His father was a Master of

IEELAND AND NEW ENGLAND 17

Arts of Trinity College, Dublin, and his two nncles,
Nathaniel and Samuel, were well known in Dublin as
preachers. To the University of Glasgow the Eev.
Cotton Mather sent books and pamphlets from time
to time, and had received there the honorary degree
of Doctor of Divinity in 1710. He was therefore
interested both in Ireland and in Scotland. More-
over he was a far seeing patriot of broad views and
sympathies, to whom New England owes much. He
was the leading clergyman in a colony where his
religion was the foremost force in education, in soci-
ety, and in official life.

On the 20th of September, 1706, Mather records :
"I write letters unto diverse persons of Honour
both in Scotland and in England; to procure Settle-
ments of Good Scotch Colonies, to the Northward of
us. This may be a thing of great consequence." 1
It was Mather's plan to settle hardy families on
the frontiers in Maine and New Hampshire to pro-
tect the towns and churches of Massachusetts from
the French and Indians. In his Memorial of the
Present deplorable state of New England he sug-
gests that a Scotch colony might be of good service
in getting possession of Nova Scotia. 2

With the death of Queen Anne in 1714 and the
accession of George I the period of ferment in Irish

1 MS. in the Massachusetts Historical Society.
2 Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, Series V, Vol.
6, p. 41*.

18 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

emigration may be said to begin. In that year two
clergymen set out for New England, and tbeir resi-
dence in America probably had more to do with the
great migration of 1718 than we can as yet demon-
strate. They were the Rev. William Homes of Stra-
bane in County Tyrone who settled on Martha's
Vineyard, and the Rev. Thomas Craighead, his
brother-in-law, of the town of Donegal, who lived for
some years in Freetown, a village about ten miles
east of Fall River. There was, however, no immedi-
ate migration resulting from their arrival in New
England. A few passengers had arrived in the year
1716 in the < « Truth and Daylight, ' ' the " Mary Ann, ' '
and the "Globe"; but in 1717 when piracy was rife
along the New England coast the records, as com-
municated by Governor Shute to the Lords of Trade,
show that only fourteen male servants or appren-
tices arrived from Dublin, in August, 1717, and nine
from Belfast in September of that year. 1 None
arrived at Boston from January to June 29th of the
year 1718, although Captain Gibbs brought a few
persons from Dublin to Marblehead in May. In less
than two years from the arrival of the Rev. William
Boyd in July, 1718, five or six hundred men, women
and children had come over to settle. 2
But before considering the careers and influence

1 See Appendix 1.

2 Maine Historical Society Collections, Baxter Mss., Vol. X, p.
106.

IRELAND AND NEW ENGLAND 19

of Homes and Craighead, the economic and religious
condition of Ulster at this time should be made
clear. Dean Swift, in speaking of tyrannical land-
lords, wrote in 1720, 1 " Whoever travels this conn-
try [Ireland] and observes the face of nature, or the
faces, and habits, and dwellings of the natives, will
hardly think himself in a land where law, religion,
or common humanity is professed. ' ' And he explains
that the landlords by "screwing and racking " their
tenants had reduced the people to a worse condition
than the peasants in France or the vassals in Ger-
many and Poland. The property owners were
pressed by debt incurred often in London or on the
Continent. They felt forced to exact the last penny
from their tenants, and too often turned a thrifty
Scotch Protestant farmer from the land he had by
incessant toil brought into good condition so that
the land might go to two or more Catholic families
who, while living together in poverty, could by their
united efforts pay a greater return. The Irish were
not fond of the plow and the land suffered under
their hands. 2 Sir Thomas Phillips told King
Charles I that the native Irish would give increasing
rents rather than move ; therefore the landlord could
hope to reap only half the profit from English and
Scotch farmers that might come from the Irish. 3

1 Proposal for a Universal use of Manufactures.

2 Hill's Plantation in Ulster, p. 590.

s Dublin University Magazine, 1833, p. 474.

20 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

As late as 1790 Lord Chancellor Clare again
repeated the explanation: "The great misfortune
of Ireland, and particularly [of] the lower classes of
its inhabitants is, that at the expiration of every
lease, the farm is pnt np to auction, and without con-
sidering whether it is a Protestant or a Papist —
whether he is industrious or indolent — whether he is
solvent or a beggar, the highest bidder is declared
the tenant by the law agent of the estate, I must say
to the disgrace of the landlord, and most frequently
much in his advantage." 1

These were the conditions in Ulster which turned
the eyes of the intelligent Protestant farmer toward
the American colonies. The desire to emigrate had
deeper and more immediate sources than a century
of intercourse and sympathy between Ireland and
America.

1 Dublin University Magazine, May, 1833, p. 480. A very inter-
esting account of the confusion and friction resulting from the
occupation of the land by several tenants, each sharing the good
and the poor plots of land, will be found in Mr. and Mrs. S. C.
Hall's Ireland, Vol. 3, p. 261.

II

IRELAND'S RELATION TO MARYLAND,

PENNSYLVANIA AND SOUTH CAROLINA

BEFORE THE YEAR 1718

The early annals of the Presbyterian chnrch in
the colonies sonth of New England are closely linked
with the name of the Rev. Francis Makemie of Ram-
elton on Lough Swilly, County Donegal, who was
licensed by the Presbytery of Lagan in 1681, and
came to America soon after. Makemie covered the
Atlantic coast colonies in his ministrations, devoting
much of his time, however, to Maryland. Before
1690 there were three and perhaps four congrega-
tions in Somerset County, which then included
Worcester County, Maryland, with their meeting-
houses at Snow Hill (1684), Manokin, Wicomico,
and Rehoboth. 1 These places lie south of the present
southern boundary of Delaware. It may be said that
although two ministers, Doughty and Hill, were
early Presbyterian preachers on the western shore
of Chesapeake Bay these settlements on the east

a The sheriff of Somerset reported that the dissenters "hath a
house in Snow Hill, one on the road going up along the seaside,
one at Manokin, about thirty feet long— plain country buildings
all of them." See Mrs. Mary M. North's "An Historic Church"
(1904).

22 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEEES

side formed the first stronghold of their faith in
the South.

Another member of the Lagan Presbytery in Ire-
land, and a friend of Makemie, was the Rev. Wil-
liam Traill, a Glasgow graduate, who suffered im-
prisonment for his convictions, and upon his release
came to Maryland in 1682. He probably founded the
church at or near Rehoboth in Somerset County,
where he had influential friends, including Colonel
"William Stevens, John White, John Shipway and
others. 1

A few months earlier, perhaps in 1681, came the
Rev. Thomas Wilson to found a church at Manokin,
a settlement now called Princess Anne. It is sup-
posed that Wilson was the minister of the same
name who had been at Killybegs, County Donegal.
Among his friends were John Galbraith, Archibald
Erskine, and David Brown. Possibly also Abraham
Gale of Somerset County in 1684 should be counted
as a neighbor and friend. Gale's wife Sarah and
their sons James and John, sailing from Dublin to
Virginia, fell in with a designing rascal who sold
their services for a term of years to pay the sum
required for their passage, although Gale himself
stood ready to pay it. 2

1 Rev. J. W. Mcllvain in Johns Hopkins University Studies,
notes supplementary, 1890, No. 3, p. 19.
■Maryland Archives, Vol. 17, p. 352.

Ramelton, on Lough Swilly, Ireland
Home of the Rev. Francis Makemie

IEELAND AJSTD THE SOUTH 25

Another of Wilson's neighbors was John Wallis,
Senior, "of Ireland and Monokin Kiver, Somerset
County, ' ' who was living in 1685 with his wife Jane,
his nephew John Wallis, Junior, and his kinsmen
Matthew and James Wallis. 1 Other settlers from
Ireland were there. Edward Eandolph, writing to
the Commissioners of Customs from James City,
June 27, 1692, adds to our knowledge of the Scotch
Irish in Somerset County in the following reference
to the new governor of Maryland:

"I hear he has continued Maj r King to bee ye
Navall Officer in Somerset Co ty on ye eastern shore,
a place pestred w th Scotch & Irish. About 200 fam-
ilies have within ye 2 years arrived from Ireland &
setled in y* Co ty besides some hundred of family's
there before. They have set up a linnen Manufac-
ture, Encouraged thereto by Co 11 Brown, a Scotch-
man, one of ye Councill & by Maj r King & other prin-
cipall persons upon ye place, who support ye Inter-
lopers & buy up all their Loading upon their first
arrivall, & govern ye whole trade on ye Eastern
shore, so y l whereas 7 or 8 good ships from Eng ld
did yearly trade & load ye Tobb° of y* Co ty I find y l
in these 3 years last past there has not been above
5 ships trading legally in all those Eivers, & nigh 30
Sayle of Scotch Irish & New Eng ld men. ' ' 2

1 Maryland Calendar of Wills, Jane Baldwin, editor, Vol. 1.
'In Edward Randolph (Prince Society), Vol. 7, p. 364, to which
Mr. Albert Matthews directed my attention.

26

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

A third Presbyterian minister in this region was
the Rev. Samuel Davis, 1 possibly also from Ireland,
who is said to have been pastor of the " famous and

{:

§2&

Old House in Snow Hill, Maryland

venerable" church at Snow Hill from an early date
until 1698. He afterward settled at Hoarkill, now
Lewes, in Delaware. The Rev. Mr. Makemie mar-
ried a lady of wealth in 1690 and settled in Accomac

1 Rev. William Hill, in his History of American Presbyterianism
(Washington City, 1839) pp. 162-163, doubts a Scotch origin for
all of the seven members of the first presbytery. Mackemie,
Hampton and McNish, he agrees, Were Irish,

IEELAND AND THE SOUTH 27

County, Virginia, a few miles south of Snow Hill.
Whether he or Davis was regularly in charge at
Snow Hill cannot now be determined. The Makemie
Memorial Presbyterian Church perpetuates the
memory of his ministry.

Along the western shore of Chesapeake Bay Colo-
nel Ninian Beall was the leading Presbyterian lay-
man. Through his influence a church existed at
Patuxent in 1704, and the members included several
prominent Fifeshire families of the present Prince
George County.

Makemie 's successor was the Eev. John Henry,
who came from Ireland in 1709, having been licensed
by Armagh Presbytery in 1708. Although Makemie
was the chief Presbyterian minister of the early
pioneers there were several others in the colonies
at about this period. They are little more than
names to us, but they did faithful service, going from
plantation to plantation along the rivers, preaching
in the open air or in houses, where no church existed,
and living as traders when bread could not be earned
by the work of the ministry. The Eev. Josias Mackie
came to Elizabeth Eiver, Virginia — the lands about
Norfolk — from St. Johnstown, County Donegal, a
town destined to try the soul of New England's
Scotch Irish leader, Boyd, half a century later when
he had returned to Ulster. The Eev. John Hamp-
ton, probably "master John of Burt," whose school
days were brightened by money from the Presbytery

28 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

of Lagan, settled at Snow Hill, and the Rev. George
McNish, Scotch or Irish, officiated at Manokin and
Wicomico. Others were the Rev. Hugh Conn of our
present Bladensburg, Maryland, the Rev. Robert
Orr of Maidenhead, New Jersey, the Rev. John
Thomson of Lewes, and the Rev. Samuel Gelston
who went down after a sojourn in New England to
preach at Opequon in Virginia.

A question arises in considering the history of
these early churches of Maryland and Virginia; —
Were the Scotch Irish a real factor here before the
year 1718, the date of the great migration to New
England ? In Maryland Presbyterianism was of the
mild English type, and we find Presbyterians joining
with Episcopalians in an appeal for an Established
Church as a protection against the spread of Roman
Catholicism. The same type of Presbyterianism pre-
vailed in Philadelphia during the ministry of the
Rev. Jedediah Andrews, a Yankee in the Quaker
city. It is probable therefore that very few com-
municants, aside from the ministers, had ever lived
in Ireland.

While few Presbyterians came from Ireland
before 1718, the Quaker migration certainly began
as early as 1682. The failure of this Quaker migra-
tion to influence the coming of Scotch Irish settlers is
curiously illustrated by a table in Mr. Myers's inval-
uable book on the Irish Quakers in Pennsylvania.
We learn there that of the one hundred and sixty-

IRELAND AND THE SOUTH 29

five families that came during the thirty-five years
from 1682 to 1717 only one left a home in Connty
Antrim, and none came from Londonderry or
Tyrone, the Scotch Irish counties ;* whatever Scotch
Irish migration from Ulster existed before 1718 was
not influenced by the Quakers ' example.

In the next thirty-two years, 1718 to 1750, a period
covering the great Scotch Irish migration from
Ulster, two hundred and sixty-five Quaker adults
or families came to Pennsylvania. Of these there
were one hundred and thirty-five from Ulster, or
just one half. They came largely from the meet-
ings at Antrim, Ballinderry, Ballinacree and Lis-
burn, in county Antrim, the heart of the Scotch Irish
country, and from Ballyhagan, Grange, and Lurgan,
county Armagh. This tide, however, did not really
set in until after the Scotch Irish had b^gun their
removal, or until 1729, when in one year twenty-nine
left Ireland as against seventeen in the preceding
nine years. Evidently the sudden increase in the
Ulster Quaker migration was due to the economic
disturbances of the years 1728 and 1729, discussed so
fully in Archbishop Boulter's letters. 2 It follows,
therefore, that the Scotch migration of 1718 from
Ulster was in no manner influenced by the migration
of Quakers. That Quakers and Presbyterians had
family ties may be inferred, however, from the fact

twenty-seven came from Armagh and Cavan.
2 See Chapter III,

30 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

that James Logan, the Quaker, William Penn's
friend, and Secretary of Pennsylvania, was a cousin
of the Rev. William Tennent, who came to America
from Ireland and settled at East Chester, New
York in 1718. 1 Tennent became one of the great
leaders in the Presbyterian church.

The passengers who arrived at Philadelphia from
Ireland earlier than 1718 were for the most part
Quakers or Celtic Irish. We have few contempor-
ary references to the arrival of Scotch Irish com-
panies of settlers, until the American Weekly Mer-
cury of October 27, 1720, mentions a brigantine
from Londonderry with ninety passengers on board.
These were probably Presbyterians. The Presby-
terian influence in the colonies was never strong un-
til the migration from Ulster began. Mr. J. S.
Futhey in his history of Upper Octorara Church
bears testimony to this, and Mr. W. D. Mackey in his
history of the church at White Clay Creek is another
witness. Moreover, the Scotch Irish type of Mary-
land Presbyterianism was just coming into prom-
inence when the Rev. Thomas Craighead went from
Freetown in Massachusetts to become the first pas-
tor at White Clay Creek in 1724. 2

The next port on the coast which is associated with
Scotch Irish immigrants at an early date is Charles-

1 Webster's Presbyterian Church, p. 365.

'See Alfred Nevin's Presbytery of Philadelphia, 1888, Chapter
2, for a good summary of the early history.

IEELAND AND THE SOUTH 31

ton. About the year 1683, if we may rely upon tradi-
tion, several emigrants, influenced by Sir Richard
Kyrle, 1 a Protestant Irishman of some note, and led
by a man named Ferguson, landed there, although
little is known of them. 2 One tangible fact, indeed,
we have in the presence at Charleston in 1692 of
Richard Newton whose brother Marmaduke Newton
still remained at Carrickfergus in old Ireland. 3

The first Presbyterian church in Charleston was
organized about 1685, with communicants largely if
not entirely from Scotland and New England. It
enjoyed a prosperous history for half a century. The
Rev. Archibald Stobo of the original or " White
Meeting House' ' became a famous Charleston
preacher. He and his wife had come ashore in 1699
from the ship " Rising Sun," which then lay off the
bar under jury masts, he having received an invita-
tion to preach. A hurricane approaching unexpect-
edly, the ship and all her company, except Mr. and
Mrs. Stobo and the longboat's crew, were lost. The
people were on their way to Scotland from the unfor-
tunate colony at Darien. 4

The Rev. Mr. Stobo was an ardent missionary,
and his efforts to widen the borders of his church
by the creation of new congregations and the erec-

1 Governor of South Carolina in 1684.

2 Charlestown Year Book, 1883, p. 380.

3 South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, Vol. 8,
204.

'Charleston Year Book, 1882, p. 397.

32 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

tion of new places for worship were successful. A
letter from South Carolina published in 1710 speaks
of five " British Presbyterian' ' ministers then in the
colony. 1 These preachers heralded the faith which
was in another generation to make itself felt in
South Carolina, when the real migration from Ire-
land should begin.

The following incident is worthy of record here.
A certain Mr. John Jarvie had been ordained by the
Presbytery of Belfast instead of by that of Down
as had been decreed by the Synod. An explanation
of the irregularity was given by Mr. Robert Wilson,
merchant, of Belfast: "That there was a ship in
the Logh of Belfast bound for South Carolina ; that
the seamen and passengers amount to the number
of 70; that it was earnestly desir'd that they may
have a Chaplain on board, and if ordain 'd, so much
the better for the voyage, and also for the person
to be ordain 'd and the country whither they are
bound — therefor desir'd, seeing Mr. Jarvie inclines
to sail in the ship, that he may be ordain 'd before
he go, and that it may be done as soon as possible,
because the ship will soon be clear to sail." 2 It is
possible that these passengers were from Glasgow,
since nearly all ships from that port called at Bel-
fast on the voyage to America. Whether Scotch
or Scotch Irish we cannot decide, but they sailed

1 Hodge's Presbyterian Church, Vol. 1, p. 85.

3 Records General Synod at Belfast June 15, 1714, p. 336.

IEELAND AND THE SOUTH 35

from an Irish port with one of Ireland's Presbyter-
ian ministers on board, and arrived at Charleston,
probably in the summer of the year 1714.

Evidently there were a few Scotch Irish in and
near Charleston, and on the rich lands between Phil-
adelphia and Wilmington, at an early date. In New
York also they held a place, and in the Presbyterian
churches on Long Island. But in no case did the
migrations before 1718 have great influence. They
were, it is true, responses to a spirit of discontent
and unrest in Ulster, but low rates of transportation
on account of trade in tobacco had their force as
well.

Such were the conditions at the opening of the
year 1718. Yet we shall see that in less than a dec-
ade after Boyd and McGregor had set foot in New
England, the ports of Philadelphia, Newcastle and
Charleston were swarming with the Scotch Irish.
James Logan of Pennsylvania reported in 1727 the
arrival of eight or nine emigrant ships that autumn,
and in 1729 six vessels in a single week Game into
port.

Before the year 1718 the growth of Scotch Irish
influence and numbers cannot safely be measured by
the spread of Presbyterianism, yet its early ecclesi-
astical history is of contributive value. In the year
1704 or 1705 the ministers who gathered in Philadel-
phia to ordain and install the Eev. Jedediah

36 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

Andrews of Boston agreed to form a General Pres-
bytery. These men were :

Francis Makemie, Rehoboth.

Nathaniel Taylor, Upper Marlborough.

John Wilson, Newcastle.

George McNish, Manokin.

John Hampton, Snow Hill.

Samuel Davis, Lewes.

Jedediah Andrews, Philadelphia.

Although the Scotch Irish have their full share in
this list of ministers, the people who listened to their
sermons were very largely of Scotch and English
ancestry ; and in the next decade their growing fam-
ilies and the arrival of their friends from abroad
so increased the number of Presbyterians that in
1717 the General Presbytery became a Synod with
four presbyteries, Philadelphia, Newcastle, Snow
Hill, and Long Island, 1 and twenty-nine ministers.
Twenty years later the number of ministers had
trebled, 2 for the great tide of migration which was
identified with New England in 1718 soon turned
toward Philadelphia.

See Hodge's Presbyterian Church, 1839, pp. 93-97.
Proceedings Presbytery of Baltimore, 1876.

Ill

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN ULSTER,
1714-1718

To understand the conditions in Ulster in 1718 it
will be necessary to know the Irish Society, or as it
was called legally The Society of the Governor and
Assistants of London, of the New Plantation in
Ulster, in the Kingdom of Ireland. This Society
held sway over the present county of Londonderry,
between the rivers Foyle and Bann, leasing or sub-
letting its valuable rights and privileges to local offi-
cials. The territory about Coleraine thus came by
lease into the hands of the Jackson family. Ambi-
tious to acquire both property and power, they were
often at odds with the authorities in London, and
were driven by these conditions to hold their terri-
tory at excessive rates imposed by the none too
friendly London directors. In the year 1713 com-
plaint was made that Mr. William Jackson had three
uncles who with himself and two tenants were alder-
men, so that six out of the twelve aldermen of Col-
eraine obeyed his orders. Five of the twenty-four
burgesses, or members of the lower house, were his
tenants, and Mr. Jackson desired to fill a vacancy
with another tenant of his, living ten miles away at

38 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Kilrea ; this tenant was moreover brother of a bur-
gess, and both were sons of Alderman Adams. Thir-
teen members of the Common Council (which includ-
ed Aldermen and Burgesses) called upon the mayor
for a judicial investigation of the matter, but the
mayor, who was a relative of Jackson's,* refused to
accede to their request although it was made accord-
ing to the law. This was but the beginning of dis-
cord in the Bann valley. In 1728 the Society
expressed dissatisfaction with the Jackson family,
which had opposed the political interest of the Soci-
ety, and had through control of the Corporation of
Coleraine usurped the power to grant lands.

The long arm which reached out from London had
no sooner quieted Coleraine, than Derry (the early
name for Londonderry) was in trouble for disre-
garding its by-laws. These controversies probably
had little influence upon the lot of the humbler ten-
ant except along the Bann where the Jackson sway
was felt. It was " commonly reported' ' that the
Hon. Richard Jackson was forced to raise the rents
of his tenants in order to meet his obligations ; and
that these tenants, who lived upon lands within the
jurisdiction of the Clothworkers Company near
Coleraine, began agitation for the first great Scotch-
Irish emigration to America. 1

The larger part of the lands in Ulster had es-

1 Narrative of a Journey to the North of Ireland in the year
1802, by Robert Slade, Esq., Secretary to the Irish Society.

Altyw.tfenCA.

1?' HcmHt.

^^ D L^^L£-JL

ZDer^YTfj, ^

Road Map of the Bann Valley
From Kilrea to Coleraine via Garvagh and Macosquin Twelve Miles

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 41

cheated to the crown early in the reign of James I, as »
confiscated property of Irish noblemen in rebellion.
In order to plant a Protestant colony in Ulster the
Lords of Council placed these lands in the hands of
wealthy adventurers. That part now known as
County Londonderry came under the jurisdiction of
the Corporation of London, and by its officers it was
divided between twelve of the chief London compa-
nies or guilds who came forward as " undertakers' '
or promoters of the project. The Irish Society was
incorporated to have a general control of Derry and
Coleraine, and of lands not granted to the twelve
companies. It aided churches and schools, protected
the settlers, and defended the rights of those who
had invested in the enterprise. The twelve chief
companies and their lands were noticed in the report
of a journey of inspection made by Eobert Slade in
1802. 1 They were :

Ironmongers, about Garvagh. Including more or
less of the parishes of Aghadowey, Agivey, Macos-
quin, Desertoghill, Errigal.

ClothworJcers, about Coleraine.

From the Atlantic S. E. along the Bann to Kill-

owen ; included Down Hill.

Drapers, about Moneymore.

Grocers, about Muff. Bounded N. by Lough Foyle ;
S. by Burntollet river.

1 Early tenants are mentioned in the notes to Pynnar's Survey,
reprinted in Hill's Plantation in Ulster.

\y

42 SCOTCH IKISH PIONEERS

Goldsmiths, near Londonderry. Bounded N. and W.
by lough and river Foyle ; S. by Tyrone.

Vintners, Ballaghy, west of Lough Beg.

Merchant Tailors, about Somerset, near Salmon
Leap. Included most of Macosquin.

Mercers, near Kilrea.

Fishmongers, about "Walworth, near Lough Foyle.
< « Alias Ballykelly."

Skinners, " Alias Dungiven."

Haberdashers, about Newtown Limavady, and Bally-
castle.

Salters, about Magherafelt.

The charter granted by King James in 1615 was
in the reign of Charles I annulled in the Court of
Star Chamber, so that the Society and the twelve
companies and their subordinate companies, all lost
their powers. This decree was rescinded under
Cromwell; and a new charter was granted by
Charles II in 1662, whereby Derry became known
legally as Londonderry. It was at this time that
the control of Londonderry and Coleraine, with the
fisheries, woods, ferryage, and the right of patron-
age of the churches, was vested in the Governor and
Assistants of the Irish Society and not in the several
companies. 1

This system went far toward established Protes-
tant power in Ulster. Indeed if the Presbyterians in

»W. C. Hazlitt's Livery Companies of London, p. 28.

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 43

Ulster had been treated with consideration and wis-
dom by the leaders of the Irish Established Church,
and with tact by the government in London, they
would have had less inclination to brave the ocean
to inhabit the frontiers of the colonies in America.
It is evident that the economic changes in Mr. Jack-
son's territory along the Bann cannot alone explain
the emigration fever which prevailed on the banks
of the Poyle. The controlling influences were more
wide spread and more vital in the lives of the peo-
ple. They were to some extent economic, but they
were still more political and religious. A Scot might
starve in Ireland as peaceably as he was likely to
do in a strange land beyond the sea, but to be
thwarted in his views of right and of heaven stirred
him to action.

The six years between 1714 and 1719 were notable
in Ireland for their insufficient rainfall. 1 So long a
period of injury to crops proved more and more dis-
couraging, not only to those settlers who depended
upon agriculture, but also to the weavers of flax
who found the cost of food very high. In 1716 the
sheep were stricken with a destructive disease known
a s rot , and severe frosts over Europe further crip-
plecTThe supply of food. During the spring and
summer of 1718 ' ' a slow confluent s mall-pox ' ' raged
over Ulster in a malignant form; while the next
three years brought fevers in the winter months.

*

Rutty 's "Weather and Seasons."

44 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

These misfortunes affected the Scotch farmer in
Ulster just as they did the native Irish in Leinster
or in Munster. The following note on Ireland in
1716 is from Archbishop King's papers, and it has
the ring of Dean Swift. It shows, moreover, that
in Ireland the farmer had to contend with difficul-
ties that were less marked in England and Scotland.
"The common Irish 1 are laborious people, and if
we set aside the holydays their religion nrjoins, they
work as hard and as long as any in England. I con-
fess not with the same success, for they have neither
the assistance to labour nor the encouragement
workmen have in England, their poverty will not
furnish them with convenient tools, and so the same
quantitie of work costs them p'haps twice the labour
with which it is p'form'd in England; there are
many accidental differences that increase their
labour on them, as, for example, England is already
enclos 'd, and if a farmer have a mind to keep a field
for medow, grazing, or plowing, it costs him no more
but the shutting his gate, but the Irishman must
fence his whole field every year or leave it in com-
mon, and the like saving of labour happens in the
plow utensils in building houses and p'viding fire-
ing. Neither hath the Irishman that encouragement

*"A11 persons born in Ireland are called and treated as Irish-
men although their fathers and grandfathers were born in Eng-
land." — Swift to Earl of Peterborough, 1726, quoted in A great
archbishop of Dublin, William King (1906), p. 283.

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 45

to labour as there is in England, lie has no markett
for his manufactories, if he build a good house or
inclose his grounds, to be sure he must raise his rent
or turn out at the end of a short lease. These and
many other considerations make the Irishman's case
very pitifull, and ought, as seems to me, to move
compassion rather than anger or a severe condemna-
tion. Upon the whole I do not see how Ireland can
on the p'sent foot pay greater taxes than it does
without starving the inhabitants and leaving them
entirely without meat or clothes. They have already
given their bread, their flesh, their butter, their
shoes, their stockings, their beds, their house fur-
niture and houses to pay their landlords and taxes.
I cannot see how any more can be got from them,
except we take away their potatoes and butter milk,
or flay them and sell their skins." 1

The people suffered also from the devotion of the
great landlords to grazing , due to the profit to be
obtained from contraband trade in wool, and from
the sale of salted meat. Farm buildings gradually
disappeared or fell into decay and the herder with
his dog wandered over the desolate fields. Leases
forbade the use of the plow, and grain had to be
imported because Ireland did not supply enough to
satisfy the demand even at high prices. Archbishop
Boulter who, with King, and that other brilliant

x From (Great Britain) Royal Commission on Historical Manu-
scripts, second report, London, 1874, pp. 256-257.

\

46 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

churchman, Dean Swift, strove incessantly for leg-
islation to make Ireland prosper, wrote to the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury in 1727 that more tillage must
be demanded of the landowner. The Irish House of
Commons had tried in 1716 and again in 1719 to
interest the England Parliament in a bill of this
nature. Boulter writes to the Archbishop of Can-
terbury in February, 1727 : —

' ' There is part of another bill which will go over,
that is of great consequence to this kingdom; the
title of the act is, I think, an act to prevent frauds,
&c. in buying corn, &c. and to encourage tillage.

' l It is the latter part of this bill about tillage that
is of great moment here. The bill does not encour-
age tillage by allowing any premium to the exporters
of corn, but barely obliges every person occupying
100 acres or more (meadows, parks, bogs, &c. ex-
cepted) to till five acres out of every 100 ; and so in
proportion for every greater quantity of land they
occupy. And to make the law have some force, it
sets the tenant at liberty to do this, notwithstanding
any clause in his lease to the contrary. We have
taken care to provide in the bill, that the tenant shall
not be able to burnbeat any ground in virtue of this
act; and since he is tyed up from that, and from
ploughing meadows, &c. the people skilled in hus-
bandry say, he cannot hurt the land though he should
go round the 100 acres in 20 years.

"I find my Lord Trevor objected to a bill we sent

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 47

from council that this was a breaking of private
contracts, and invading property : bnt I think that
nothing, since the lessor receives no damage by it,
and the pnblick is very mnch benefitted; and this
is no more than what is done every session in Eng-
land, where rivers are made navigable or commons
inclosed; and in many road bills.

"I shall now acquaint yonr Grace with the great
want we are in of this bill : onr present tillage falls
very short of answering the demands of this nation,
which occasions onr importing corn from England
and other places ; and whilst onr poor have bread to
eat, we do not complain of this; bnt by tilling so
little, if onr crop fails, or yields indifferently, onr
poor have not money to buy bread. This was the
case in 1725 and last year, and without a prodigious
crop, will be more so this year. When I went my
visitation last year, barley in some inland places,
sold for 6 5. a bushel to make bread of ; and oatmeal
(which is the bread of the north) sold for twice or
thrice the usual price ; and we met all the roads full
of whole families that had left their homes to beg
abroad, since their neighbors had nothing to relieve
them with. And as the winter subsistance of the
poor is chiefly potatoes, this scarcity drove the poor
to begin with their potatoes before they were full
grown, so that they have lost half the benefit of them,
and have spent their stock about two months sooner
than usual : and oatmeal is at this distance from har-

48 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

vest, in many parts of this kingdom three times the
customary price ; so that this summer must be more
fatal to us than the last; when I fear many hun-
dreds perished by famine.

"Now the occasion of this evil is, that many per-
sons have hired large tracts of land, on to 3 or 4000
acres, and have stocked them with cattle, and have
no other inhabitants on their land than so many cot-
tiers as are necessary to look after their sheep and
black cattle; so that in some of the finest counties,
in many places there is neither house nor corn field
to be seen in 10 or 15 miles travelling : and daily in
some counties, many gentlemen (as their leases fall
into their hands) tye up their tenants from tillage:
and this is one of the main causes why so many ven-
ture to go into foreign service at the hazard of their
lives, if taken, because they can get no land to till
at home. And if some stop be not put to this evil,
we must daily decrease in the numbers of our people.

"But we hope if this tillage bill takes place, to
keep our youth at home, to employ our poor, and not
be jn danger of a famine among the poor upon any
little miscarriage in our harvest. And I hope these
are things of greater consequence than the breaking
through a lease, so far as concerns ploughing five
acres in a hundred." 1

After a potato famine from which many hun-

1 Letters by Hugh Boulter to several Ministers of State, Oxford,
1769, Vol. 1, pp. 220-223.

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 49

dreds of the peasants died of starvation the English
Council at last consented, avowedly for the benefit of
the poor, to cancel the prohibitory clause in leases
so that a small part of each farm should be plowed. 1

Two industries in the counties of Antrim and Lon-
donderry changed the character of the misfortunes
of the settlers there, although it cannot be said that
they warded off trouble. The Scotch in Ulster should
have been prosperous even in years when other
provinces of Ireland starved. But the industries of
Ireland were crushed out at the behest of English
merchants by laws favorable to home products.

The farms in Ulster were small, each having its
field of potatoes. The soil was enriched by manure
and lime, and after the crop of potatoes had been
gathered the flax was sown, perhaps a bushel of seed
by a family. 2 Each farm had also its bleaching
green where the flax fibres were whitened in the sun,
the drying season lasting for more than half the
year.

All that has to do with the flax plant must be of
interest to lovers of Ulster. When the seed had pro-
duced the graceful fields of flax, the women of the
household kept down the weeds until the pretty blue
petals had opened and had in turn given way to rip-
ening seed-pods. The plants then were pulled or
1 ' plucked ' ' in small handf uls and ' ' bogged. " ' ' And

1 1 George II, Chapter 10.

'Arthur Young's Tour in Ireland, August, 1776.

50 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

why do you bog it, Larry !" asked Mrs. Hall, who
was familiar with flax culture from childhood.

"Is it why we bog it, dear? — Why then, you see,
we must all pass through the waters of tribulation
to be purified, and so must the flax — the bad you see,
and the good, in that small plant is glued together,
and the water melts the glue, so that they divide —
and that's the sense of it, dear!"

The plants were held in water by heavy stones —
in running water if the fibres were to be good in
color, although the processes of decay went on more
rapidly in stagnant water. Sometimes they were
laid out in the fields until a season's grass had grown
up about and through them. In due time they were
gathered and dried in the open air or over a fire.
The coarse brown stalks were then slowly drawn
over an upright post or chair-back and beaten inch
by inch, this being the " scutching' ' process. The
stalks in the next process were cleaned and split
by rude combs of varying coarseness, and known as
hackles. The task was tiresome and dirty, so that
an itinerant workman usually did this part of the
labor, going from cabin to cabin with his store of
Dublin news and neighborhood gossip. The rough
fibres were then subjected to many scaldings and
dryings, until the bleaching greens began at last to
appear white with the harvest of flax.

A century ago the hand loom produced finer linen
yarn than any that came from the mill. In 1815 Cath-

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 51

erine Woods of Dunmore near Ballynahinch, a girl
of fifteen, spnn yarn which gave 2,520,000 yards to
the avoirdupois pound of flax, requiring but 17
pounds, 6 ounces, 3% drams of flax to go entirely
around the earth. 1

This industry of spinning and weaving was car-
ried to America by many thousands of emigrants
during half a century which preceded the Revolu-
tionary war. It brought fame and comforts to the
Scotch Irish towns both north and south. 2 After
young Jerry Smith of Peterborough in New Hamp-
shire, the future congressman, had acquired a little
book learning he chided his mother one day for her
unfamiliarity with the rudiments of grammar. Mrs.
Smith who had borne ten children in twelve years,
besides cooking and mending, digging sixteen bush-
els of potatoes in a day, and earning money by spin-
ning to educate her boys, replied somewhat warmly :
"But wha taught you langage? It was my wheel;
and when ye '11 hae spun as many lang threeds to
teach me grammar as I hae to teach you, I'll talk
better grammar ! ' ,3

The catching of salmon in the waters of the Bann

J Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall's Ireland, new edition, Vol. 3, pp.
85-91.

2 Archibald Thompson of Abington and Bridgewater is said to
have made the first spinning foot-wheel of New England manu-
facture—a statement difficult of proof. He died in 1776 at the
age of eighty-five.

'Morison's Life of Judge Smith, p. 5.

52 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

and the Foyle was a great Ulster industry, and the
early settlers of Londonderry in New Hampshire
must have known its every detail, for many of them
had lived near the "Salmon Leap" on the Bann.
About the middle of August the salmon spawned in
all the streams that are tributary to the Bann and
the Foyle. As soon as they could swim they went
down to the sea. In January, when they began to
return to fresh water, their weight often exceeded
ten pounds. A year later their weight had doubled
and they were ready for the market. It was natural
that the Nutfield settlers should ask the American
Indians where they could go for the catching of fish.
This was an important occupation; but the linen
manufacture was more wide spread, and many of the
Scotch Irish who made their wills in America styled
themselves " weavers.' ' The industry succeeded
the woolen manufacture which had been ruined in
1698 by an English law that forbade export of wool-
ens from Ireland except to England and Wales. 1

The linen industry had one unfortunate circum-
stance peculiar to all manufacture. Depending to a
large extent upon fo reign m arkets^ or its success, it
had years of great prosperity followed by others of
ruinous inactivity, and the causes of these fluctua-
tions, whether economic or political, lay wholly out-
side Ireland and beyond her control. When a period
of depression was concurrent with the expiration of

10 and 11 William III, Chapter 10 (English),

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 55

many leases, as once happened on Lord Donegal's
Antrim estates, the people emigrated in great num-
bers' to America. Arthur Young has an instructive
paragraph on this point : "It is the misfortune of all
manufacture worked for a foreign market to be upon
an insecure footing ; periods of declension will come,
and when in consequence of them great numbers of
people are out of employment, the best circumstance
is their enlisting in the army or navy ; and it is the
common result ; but unfortunately the manufacture
in Ireland, is not confined, as it ought to be, to towns,
but spreads into all cabins of the country. Being
half farmers, half manufacturers, they have too
much property in cattle, &c, to enlist when idle ; if
they convert it into cash it will enable them to pay
their passage to America, an alternative always
chosen in preference to the military life. ' n

It has often been said that the landlords in Ireland
were always too much embarrassed financially to
retain a Protestant tenantry. The highest bidder
was usually an Irishman. Loving Ireland he did not
wish to emigrate, and felt compelled to get the lease,
even if the price was beyond his power to pay. He
would share a single Scotch or English farmer's
land with six or seven of his countrymen, all ekeing
out a miserable existence; and when the unsuccess-
ful Protestant bidder was far away clearing the New
England field for planting, his Irish successors were

1 Pinkerton's Voyages, London, 1809, Vol. 3, p. 869.

56 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

ready to abandon the land they had obtained at an
impossible rental. 1 Never over a third and often
not over a fifth of the profit went to the tiller of the
soil, 2 and the slightest misfortune reduced the profit
to the laborer below the point of subsistence. Arch-
bishop King in a letter to Archbishop Wake, June
2, 1719, sums up the matter from the point of view of
a churchman who loved Ireland.

1 ' Some would insinuate that this is in some meas-
ure due to the uneasiness dissenters have in the
matter of religion, but this is plainly a mistake ; for
dissenters were never more easy as to that matter
than they have been since the Revolution, & are at
present: & yet they never thought of leaving the
kingdom, till oppressed by excessive [rents ! ] &
other temporal hardships: nor do only dissenters
leave us, but proportionately of all sorts, except
Papists. The truth of the case is this: after the
Revolution, most of the kingdom was waste, &
abundance of the people destroyed by the war : the
landlords therefore were glad to get tenants at any
rate, & set their lands at very easy rents ; this invited
abundance of people to come over here, especially
from Scotland, & they have lived here very happily
ever since ; but now their leases are expired, & they
obliged not only to give what was paid before the
Revolution, but in most places double & in many

1 Sir L. Tarsons in 1793. Also Archbishop King's Life, p. 301.

2 Boulter's Letters, Vol. 1, p. 292.

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 5T

places treble, so that it is impossible for people to
live or subsist on their farms." 1

Add to these conditions a scarcity of small coin
whereby the money required to pay the humble spin-
ner for his yarn or the farmer for his produce cost
the merchant over one and a half per cent ; 2 and the
attempts in England to cripple the linen industry, 3
and we are not surprised that the desire to. emi-
grate passed over the land like a fever. Letters like
the following show that Archbishop King, at the
very outset of the great migration, was doing his
best by eloquent appeal to awaken the English con-
science. He wrote February 6, 1717-18 to the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury: "I find likewise that your
Parliament is destroying the little Trade that is left
us. These & other Discouragements are driving
away the few Protestants that are amongst us ; inso-
much that last year some Thousands of Families are
gone to the West Indies. No Papists stir except
young men that go abroad to be trained to # arms,
with Intention to return with the Pretender. The
Papists being already five or six to one, & a breed-
ing People, you may imagine in what conditions we
are like to be. I may farther observe that the Pa-
pists being made incapable to purchase Lands, have
turn'd themselves to Trade, & already engrossed
almost all the Trade of the Kingdom." 4

1 King's Life, p. 301.

a Boulter to Newcastle, 1728; Letters, Vol. 1, p. 252.

3 King to Archbishop of Canterbury, January 18, 1722-23,

* King's Life, p. 207,

58 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

Trade between the British Isles and the American
colonies went very largely to the Delaware and
Chesapeake Bay. Tobacco-laden ships sailed for
Dublin, Liverpool, Belfast or Glasgow ; returning to
America with trifling cargoes of dress-goods, farm
tools, and similar necessities, they gladly added to
their revenues by transporting an occasional set-
tler. There were few large parties of emigrants;
if we except those who went to Williamsburg in
South Carolina, few came to the South through con-
certed action until toward the middle of the eight-
eenth century. Few were led by ministers, but when
they had settled along the banks of Christiana Creek,
the Octorara, or the Neshaminy, they accepted min-
isters who had come to serve English Presbyterians,
or they sent to Ireland for others.

The relations between New England and Ireland,
on the other hand, were almost entirely intellectual
and religious. There was no intercourse in trade
to stimulate colonization. The migration of 1718
was so thoroughly a deliberate undertaking, clearly
conceived and organized, that an agent was sent out
to prepare the way. Ships were chartered for the
voyage and their holds were filled with the house-
hold goods of the Bann Valley emigrants. It was
this initiative in 1718 which led to an active but
short-lived passenger trade between Irish ports and
Boston. In this enterprise the Eev. William Homes 's
son, Captain Eobert Homes, played a considerable

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 59

part. The next year the more favorable conditions
for settlement south and west of Philadelphia began
to tnrn a large part of the traffic away from New
England to Pennsylvania, and the Carolinas. This
passenger traffic grew so rapidly that merchandise
which had been of primary importance in Ulster's
trade with the South ceased to be vital to the success
of a voyage across the ocean.

IV

POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN
ULSTER, 1714-1718

We now turn to the political oppression which was
another cause for discontent in northern Ireland. In
the early days of the London settlement and the
succeeding Scotch migration when linen took the
place of woolen, the new settlers felt that superior-
ity which men who have a strong government behind
them are wont to feel. They were independent, and
even contemptuous of "the mere Irish." Under
Cromwell they grew in strength until there were
about eighty churches represented in the presbytery.
With the return of Charles II, religious and political
restrictions began to be felt. In Ulster sixty-one
ministers were ejected from their churches, and
curates were appointed to conduct Episcopal serv-
ices; uniformity in church worship again became
a dogma of the State.

It must not be assumed that the disabilities under
which Presbyterians in Ireland labored were pecul-
iar to the time or place. It was held by many to be
for the best interest of the State that people should
worship God in the accustomed way; and in Queen

POLITICS AND BELIGION 61

Elizabeth's time 1 all persons had been commanded
to attend church on Sundays and holy days where
the Book of Common Prayer was used. This was no
more tyrannical than the policy of the non-conform-
ing assembly in Scotland, which was to induce Crom-
well to make the Presbyterian religion paramount
in England, 2 nor more exacting than the aim of the
Presbyterians in Ireland who, as soon as they felt
their strength, asked to have the army under Pres-
byterian influences only. The same strong spirit
prevailed in early orthodox New England ; and the
present large but empty churches there, with ample
but idle horsesheds, testify to a more effective and
perhaps more wholesome spiritual and social life
in country towns of old under the despotism of Cot-
ton Mather and his immediate successors.

Eoman Catholic supremacy in Ireland under
James II came to an end with the arrival of William
and Mary in 1688. In 1691 Parliament decreed 3
that the statute of Queen Elizabeth's time relating
to uniformity of church services should not apply
to Ireland, thus permitting attendance at non-con-
formist chapels. After January 1, 1691-2, all candi-
dates for civil, military and ecclesiastical offices were
to take oaths of allegiance to the royal family, and

x 2 Elizabeth 2, Section 3; also 35 Elizabeth 1.
2 See life of the Rev. Robert Blair, in Dictionary of National
Biography.
8 3 William and Mary, Chapter 2. (English Statutes.)

62

SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

to make declarations against transubstantiation in
the mass, and adoration of the Virgin Mary, provi-
sions intended to bar Roman Catholics from office.
Dissenters now had liberty to worship in their own
chapels, and were not compelled to partake of the
Lord's Supper according to the rites of the Estab-
lished church in order to hold office. But they still
had disabilities which could be made to bear heavily

Presbyterian Meeting House at Dungannon, County Tyrone
Built Before the Year 1725

upon them ; indeed if the magistrate chose, they suf-
fered more than the Roman Catholics. The Synod
which met at Antrim in 1698 declared its grievances
to be an inability in many places to bury the dead
until the Established service had been read, the
requirement that school-masters partake of the
Lord's Supper according to the customary rites,
and the pressure to serve as church-wardens. Id
1699 the Synod being asked for advice as to mar-
riages decided that ministers had better continue to

POLITICS AND BELIGION 63

perform the ceremony "in an orderly way," as of
old. In 1710 the Synod decided that it might be wise
in some places to leave the performance of the cere-
mony to the Episcopal clergy. In the second year
of Queen Anne's reign (1703) a penal statute was
carried by the help of the Bishops, 1 and they ob-
tained in return for their support the introduction of
a clause compelling in Ireland the sacramental test
for office holders. This Irish Test Act seems to have
been used unscrupulously as a weapon to place the
Presbyterians on a level of disability with the Eoman
Catholics. Their ministers were almost everywhere
turned out of their pulpits or threatened with legal
proceedings. Dissenters were debarred from teach-
ing schools and the legality of their marriages was
denied. In 1716 Samuel Smith, Jr., and John Kyle
of Belfast were called upon to defend their mar-
riages in court. These were test cases, followed
however by others. The Synod determined to stand
by the defendants with the church's funds, but
threats from prominent supporters of the denom-
ination to withhold contributions in the future if the
course were persisted in, caused the Synod to aban-
don the attempt to uphold its claims in this way.

The Eegium Donum, an annual government gift to
non-conformist clergy in Ireland, in recognition of
the Protestant defence of Ulster in 1688, was sus-
pended. In short the hardships inflicted under this

1 C. G. Walpole's History of the Knigdom of Ireland, p. 359,

64 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

law of Queen Anne from 1703 to 1719 had much to do
with the migration to New England.

The Government found it impossible to pass a
more moderate act to quiet discontent until vacan-
cies in the ranks of the bishops could be filled by
more tolerant men, and the Toleration Act 1 of 1719
was the first measure of relief that could be obtained.
The oath still required loyalty to a King when
excommunicated by the Pope; and the customary
provisions to disfranchise Roman Catholics, namely :
a declaration that in the Sacrament of the Lord's
Supper there is no transubstantiation of the elements
of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ,
and that the adoration of the Virgin Mary and other
saints, and Sacrifice of the Mass are superstitious
and idolatrous. There were exemptions for dis-
senters who did not favor baptism in infancy, and
for Quakers, and there was no requirement to attend
the Lord 's Supper ; but the thirteenth article of the
act shut out all from its benefits who did not believe
in the Trinity. This article struck a blow at Presby-
terian Antrim which was just then divided over the
doctrine of Christ's divinity, and weakened the non-
conformist strength, although the act was con-
sidered by Archbishop King "such a wide Tolera-
tion as ... is not precedented in the whole
Earth." King George pressed the measure vigor-
ously and the clergy which had been transplanted

1 6 George I, Chapter 5,

POLITICS AND KELIGION 65

from England helped to pass it through the Irish
parliament.

This concession did little to allay the fever for
migration to America, which by 1728 aroused the
fears of Archbishop Bonlter of Armagh, and occa-
sioned a series of letters, chiefly of defence against
the charge that excessive tythes rather than rents
caused the exodus. Extracts from these letters fol-
low, but it should be recalled that their author was
not so much in sympathy with Ireland as was Arch-
bishop King of Dublin. 1

Archbishop Boulter, writing to Lord Carteret
from Dublin, March 8, 1728, says: "I do not doubt
but some persons in the North may have been
oppressed by the farmers of tythes. But I have
at every visitation I have held had as great com-
plaints from the clergy of the hardships put upon
them by the people, in coming at their just dues, as
the people can make of being any ways oppressed
by the clergy or their tythe farmers, and I believe
with as much reason.

"As to the expensiveness of the Spiritual courts
which they complain of, that will be very much
avoided by the act passed last sessions for the more
easy recovery of the tythes of small value. And

1 Relief from many of the penalties of Queen Anne's act came in
1737 (11 George II, Chapter 10), when Presbyterian marriages
were declared legal, and in 1755, when dissenters were permitted
to hold commissions in the militia.

66 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

indeed the gentlemen have, ever since I came hither,
been putting it into the heads of their tenants, that
it was not their rents, but the paying of the tythes
that made them find it hard to live on their farms.
And it is easy to see that this was a notion that
would readily take with Scotch presbyterians. ' ' In
a letter to the Bishop of London 1 the Archbishop
contends that if the rent is doubled that implies that
the value of the tythe is doubled ; so the archbishop
throws the responsibility on the landlord. The
growth of the country after the wars of 1688 un-
doubtedly warranted somewhat higher rents. He
continues: "It is not the tythe but the increased
rent that undoes the farmer. And indeed in this
country, where I fear the tenant hardly ever has
more than one third of the profits he makes of his
farm for his share and too often but a fourth or
perhaps a fifth part, as the tenant's share is charged
with the tythe, his case is no doubt hard, but it is
plain from what side the hardship arises. . . .
When they find they have 7 or 8 £ to pay, they run
away: for the greatest part of the occupiers of the
land here are so poor, that an extraordinary stroke of
8 or 10 £ [judgment] falling on them, is certain ruin
to them."

In a letter to the Duke of Newcastle, written from
Dublin March 13, 1728, Boulter shows what efforts
were made to better the conditions of the moment,

1 Boulter's Letters, Vol. 1, pp. 291-293, 297.

POLITICS AND RELIGION 67

but he could scarcely have expected to upbuild the
commercial well-being of Ireland, whatever influ-
ence he might have had, without the enactment of
new laws relating to religious and political equal-
ity of dissenter and Episcopalian. He writes :

"The humour of going to America still continues,
and the scarcity of provisions certainly makes many
quit us: there are now seven ships at Belfast that
are carrying off about 1000 passengers thither : and
if we knew how to stop them, as most of them can
neither get victuals nor work at home, it would be
cruel to do it:

"We have sent for 2400 quarters of rye from Con-
ingsbery; when they arrive which will probably
be about the middle of May, we hope the price of
things will fall considerably in the north, and we
suppose they will mend pretty much when our sup-
plies arrive from Munster."

The Established Church in Ireland was fortunate
in having several leaders during this period who
were able administrators, and conscious of their
duty toward Ireland. Archbishops King and Boul-
ter showed by their correspondence a lively sense of
the deplorable condition of the people, both spirit-
ually and as to their worldly estate. They also
strove to bring the clergy to a higher plane. In 1714
King remonstrated with Dr. Ashe, Bishop of
Clogher, for his long years of absence from Ireland,
on the ground that his conduct justified the reproach

68 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

of Mr. Boyse, the famous Presbyterian, that his
bishopric was "only a pompons sinecure." 1 King
himself gives some explanation of this unfortunate
habit of the clergy when he says that there was
little learning in Ireland and one could do no
more than eat, drink and sleep. 2

The archbishop felt handicapped in trying to rival
the Presbyterian influence in the North by the prac-
tice of the rector who lived abroad, leaving his par-
ish work to be done by a poorly paid curate. He
writes :

1 ' The people of the North have a peculiar aversion
to curates, & call them hirelings ; the difference in
point of success amongst them is visible, between a
grave resident minister that lives amongst his peo-
ple, & spends part of what he receives from them in
the place, & a poor curate that is not able to keep
himself from contempt. . . . The people of the
North do not grudge their tithes to the clergy,
though they pay more than all the other provinces,
because their landlords or the clergy must have
them ; the first must spend them in London or Dub-
lin, whereas the clergy spend them on the place. . . .
But if the clergy live in Dublin, 'tis as good for the
people landlords had the tithes. ... In short, the
world begins to look on us as a parcel of men that
have invented a trade for our easy and convenient
livine:. ' ' 3

*A great archbishop of Dublin, William King (1906), p. 249.

2 King, p. 227.

8 King to the Bishop of Clogher, 1704.

POLITICS AND EELIGION 69

In behalf of the clergy it must be said that they
were more devoted than the landlords, and a fonrth
or fifth of the resident justices were taken from the
clerical ranks because no other men of education
and standing were to be found in those communities,
if we except the Presbyterian ministers who were
barred by law from holding the office.

Archbishop King was so devoted to Ireland that
Boulter was chosen with a view to counteracting his
influence. King was no less devoted to his church.
He went from town to town in his " parish visita-
tion, " exhorting his clergy to hold conferences with
dissenters to bring them to conformity, making ad-
dresses to the public which "seemed to flow from the
occasion, rather than by design,' ' and obtaining
results which seemed to him encouraging. 1

King, in his struggle with the Scotch in Ulster,
wrote a very able book which caused a bitter contro-
versy for a generation, covering the period before
the migration of 1718. The book bore the title "A
discourse concerning the Inventions of Men in the
Worship of God," and attempted to prove that the
Presbyterians, who prided themselves on their devo-
tion to Scripture, worshipped in direct opposition
to its mandates, and rarely read it in their meetings.
When the book appeared in print they were, as he
said, "irate and excited almost to fury." The Eev.
Joseph Boyse of Dublin, a grandson of Matthew

'King, p. 35.

70 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

Boyse who lived for a time at Eowley in New Eng-
land, and the Eev. Eobert Craighead, whose son
migrated to New England and Pennsylvania, replied
at great length. King had charged the Presbyterians
with failure to attend public worship regularly,
with neglect of the celebration of the Lord's Sup-
per, and with being contented with scant instruc-
tion in Christian principles. Boyse, as the ablest
of several defenders of the dissenters, made the best
attempt to refute these charges. The dissenters felt
the weakness of their Bible training, but so many
ministers had been admitted to preach with insuffi-
cient education that it was difficult to raise the
requirements. The proposition to have candidates
for the ministry study the Psalter in Hebrew came
before the Synod year after year and failed to pass.
Finally Hebrew was deemed necessary, and in 1709
and 1710 the Synods voted that the Eev. Fulk White
of Braid be paid £10 a year for teaching Hebrew.
Candidates for the ministry were urged, also, to
study the New Testament in the original Greek.

Archbishop King by the publication of his book
started a discussion which undoubtedly awakened
the minds of the people, and must have done good.
He said, "Our people, who before almost in silence
endured the scoffings and continual disputations of
the dissenters, their ears deafened with frequent
arguments, and scornful attacks; neither in meet-
ings, drinking parties, nor feasts, could they any-

POLITICS AND RELIGION 71

where rest, but conquered and helpless, remained
silent; now reviving as with new spirits, and in
their turn attacking the adversaries." 1

It must be granted that the Established church,
even with its endowments, had a difficult field for its
labor. The Eoman Catholics dominated the lower
provinces, and in Ulster the Scotch Presbyterians
outnumbered the English Episcopalians, while
together the Protestants scarcely exceeded the
Roman Catholic population. The "estated gentle-
men^ largely belonged to the Established church,
and it was feared that their dissenting tenants, if
granted privileges, would transfer their loyalty from
landlord to dissenting minister. While the dominant
class did not have the courage to be generous, it is
not unfair to assume also that the Presbyterians
were at times strangers to conciliation.

In an address which came before the House of
Lords at Dublin in 1711, relating to the "disturb-
ance of the peace" at Drogheda by two Presbyteri-
ans who wished to gather a church, the following
charges are made:

1. Dissenters have refused to take apprentices
that will not covenant to go to their meetings.

2. When in a* majority in Corporations they ex-
cluded all not of their persuasion.

3. They oblige those of their Communion married
by our Liturgy to do publick Penance.

1 King, p. 38, Quaedam.

72 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

4. Episcopal order hath been stiled Anti-Scrip-
tural; our worship called superstitious & idola-
trous.

5. Ministers openly and violently assaulted. Al-
though Episcopalians have endeavored, by gentle
Usage, to melt them down into a more soft and com-
plying temper.

6. They seek to enlarge their borders by misap-
plying that Bounty of £1200 a year, extended to
them for charitable purposes : —

to the propagation of schism',
to maintain agents,

to support lawsuits against the church,
to form seminaries to the poisoning of the prin-
ciples of our youth,

to set up synods and judicatories.

The most unfortunate result, however, of a con-
tentious spirit among Irish Presbyterians appeared
when shades of belief became through violent de-
bates among themselves the source of irreconcilable
feuds, to be maintained with Scotch stubbornness.

Presbyterianism, which should have been strong
in Ulster, was by virtue of its Scotch origin deprived
of its united force through the great theological
schism of the time: in other words, through the
ascendancy of what we should now call Unitarian-
ism, or the growing disinclination of ministers to
subscribe to the Westminster Confession.

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POLITICS AND BELIGION 75

The master mind of this time in Scottish theology
was Professor Simson, who began his instruction
in Divinity at Glasgow a century after the death of
the Dutch theologian Arminius, that is in 1708. His
liberal views were espoused by Professor Hamilton
at Edinburgh, and by a leader in Ulster thought,
the Eev. John Abernethy of Antrim in Ireland.
Abernethy, a friend of Simson, founded the Belfast
Society which rapidly gained prominence as the sup-
porter of ministers in Ireland who would not sub-
scribe to the Westminster Confession. In 1707 a
minister in the Synod of Aberdeen had been sus-
pended for asserting that virtue was more natural
to man than vice. The opposition of Arminius to the
doctrine that God had selected his chosen few for
the Kingdom of Heaven, leaving by predestination
the unfortunate and sinful majority of mankind to
an eternity in hell, became the basis of the liberal
movement under Simson and the younger clergy
of western Scotland and Ulster. In their platform
were many beliefs that have since then influenced all
creeds : that man is naturally able through his own
powers to seek saving grace ; that corruption which
overcame the soul's purity was due to the body
inherited from Adam ; that the wish for happiness
should inspire Christian living ; that effective pun-
ishment for sin must be eternal, but that infants
would be saved, and even the heathen would be
judged according to their opportunity for light.

76 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

And, most important of all, the elect would, it was
hoped, outnumber the damned. 1

With these liberalizing theories went a change in
preaching. Dogma became less important than con-
duct, and the younger ministers turned to ethics and
morality for their themes, drifting away from the
homely exhortation to worship and follow Christ.
The "non-subscribers" to the Westminster Con-
fession were joined to the Presbytery of Antrim, and
then in 1726 were made independent. In 1736, after
years of bitter discord, the Assembly ruled that
ministers insist on supernatural revelation, that they
base their sermons on Gospel subjects and "let their
hearers know that they must first be grafted into
Christ as their root before their fruit can be savoury
unto God." County Antrim was a theological bat-
tle-ground during these opening years of the eight-
eenth century when the doctrinal articles were by
many abandoned.

The theological disputes of the time left their im-
press upon the emigrants to America. To them
religion was a vital subject, for constant thought
and frequent discussion. In New England this earn-
est discussion grew into a spirit of discord which
weakened the Presbyterian influence there. At the
South the Presbyterians were of a milder temper,
possibly because their greater numbers gave them
less provocation to religious contention; possibly

See Mathieson's Scotland and the Union, p. 224.

POLITICS AND EELIGION 77

also because the milder English Presbyterianism had
taken root early, and made itself felt even when the
Scotch Irish had overrun the country.

Their devotion to self-government made them the
pioneers in the movement for political independ-
ence. Eeferring to the Mecklenburg declaration a
North Carolinian once said: "Och, aye, Tarn Polk
declared independence lang before anybody else!"
This Colonel "Tarn" or Thomas was the great uncle
of President Polk. He was a leader among the
Scotch Irish of North Carolina, and the opening
paragraph of the "Declaration" which he read from
the steps of the Court-house in Charlotte on a May
afternoon in 1775 exhibits the courage of the race
from Ireland. These are the opening words which
he read :

"Resolved, That whosoever directly or indirectly
abetted, or in any way, form, or manner, counte-
nanced the unchartered and dangerous invasion of
our rights, as claimed by Great Britain, is an enemy
to this country — to America — and to the inherent
and inalienable rights of man. ' '

As the reading continued, and Colonel Polk's
voice declared for a dissolution of the political bonds
with the mother country, "that nation who have
wantonly trampled on our rights and liberties, and
inhumanly shed the blood of American patriots at
Lexington," there was breathless silence followed by
loud and long cheers. The Polks from Donegal were
doing their part in America.

78 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

The Scotch Irish puzzled the traveller. Crevecceur 1
speaks of the varying ability and thrift shown by the
settlers. He adds: "One would think on so small
an island an Irishman must be an Irishman, yet it is
not so; they are different in their aptitude to, and
in their love of labour. ' '

If the Scotch Irish differed from the Irish they
were not more like the Germans. The fundamental
reason was a racial one, although the Scotch Irish
selected slaty lands along the river banks where the
soil is less productive than the lime-stone formations
chosen by the Germans. 2 If we study the bio-
graphical dictionary, however, to compare Scotch
Irish civic achievement with German participation
in public life, we shall find the slaty field obstructed
by stumps a more productive nursery of statesmen
than the well-cleared field of loam that delighted the
German heart.

1 Letters from an American Farmer, N. Y. 1904, p. 83.

2 Faust's German element, 1909, Vol. 1, p. 132. See also B.
Rush's Essays, 1798, pp. 224, 228.

EEV. WILLIAM HOMES AND REV. THOMAS
CRAIGHEAD

The migration from the vicinity of Londonderry
and from northern Tyrone to New England was
mnch influenced by two Presbyterian ministers who
had emigrated from Ireland a short time before, and
were in sympathy with the Rev. Cotton Mather in
his desire for the settlement of Protestant families
from Ulster.

William Homes, the first of these ministers, was
born in the north of Ireland in 1663, of a family
which had been of consequence there for several gen-
erations. There was a Thomas Homes at Strabane,
County Tyrone, in 1619; and at the time of which
we write another Rev. William Homes, living at
Urney, a few miles south of Strabane, was so well
known that our William was called "the meek" to
distinguish him. 1

He had a happy combination of gentleness and
ability which made his career in the ministry less
eventful than that of the second minister referred
to above, the Rev. Thomas Craighead. The boy

1 William Homes, Junior, of Urney was ordained in 1696, and
was probably a cousin.

80

SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

Homes was carefully educated, and about 1686 lie
came over to Martha's Vineyard where he obtained
a position to teach school. His teaching was accept-
able, and he was urged to remain there, but a desire
to preach led him in July, 1691, to return to Ire-
land. He was reported from Lagan meeting in 1692
as "on trial in order to ordination, 9 ' and having
gone through his second trials he was ordained De-
cember 21, 1692, as pastor of a church at Strabane

Holy Hill House, Strabane, County Tyrone
Standing when the Rev. William Homes preached at Strabane

in the Presbytery of Convoy. Strabane was at the
time a small village whose chief importance lay in
its situation at the point where the Mourne and the
Finn join to form the river Foyle. In the centre of
the town there was a neat but plain market house,
and farther down the road were two good gentle-

HOMES AND CRAIGHEAD 81

men's country houses, facing each other. In this
town he was to begin his labors.

Mr. Homes received his degree of Master of Arts
at the University of Edinburgh in 1693. Craighead
had preceded him in 1691, and the names of several
others of note later in America appeared on the
college rolls soon after. From a copy of Mr.
Homes 's diary, preserved by the New England His-
toric Genealogical Society, many facts in regard to
his family may be gleaned. William's father came
from Donaghmore, county Donegal, a village a mile
or more west of Castlefinn, and an hour's drive
south west of Liiford on the road to Donegal and
Ballyshannon. In the family lot there William's
brother John, who was killed by lightning in 1692 in
the parish of Raphoe, was buried; this John left
five children, Margaret, John, Jolnot (?), Jane and
Eebecca. Mary Ann, a sister of William, died in
1705. William married September 26, 1693, Kath-
erine, daughter of the Rev. Robert Craighead, a
venerable and distinguished minister of London-
derry. 1

1 Their children as far as known were :

Robert, born July 23, 1694, at Stragolan, County Fermanagh, sev-
eral miles south of Omagh. He came to New England, and
married Mary Franklin of Boston, April 3, 1716. She was a
sister of Benjamin Franklin, the scientist and statesman.
Robert was engaged for years as captain of a ship in trans-
porting emigrants to America.

Margaret, born February 28, 1695-96, at Strabane; married,

82 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

The Rev. William Homes and his brother-in-law
the Rev. Thomas Craighead, with their families, ar-
rived in Boston the first week in October, 1714, from
Londonderry, on the ship "Thomas and Jane" of
which Mr. William Wilson was then master. Homes
brought four written testimonials, from the elders
and overseers of his congregation at Strabane, from
the Presbytery of Convoy, from the Synod, and from
eight presbyterian ministers at Dublin, including
the Rev. Joseph Boyse, a famous preacher and
writer. The first testimonial was printed in the Bos-
ton Gazette for August 26, 1746; of this issue no
copy is known to exist.

March 1, 1715-16, at Chilmark [Colonel] John Allen. She
died April 26, 1778.

William, born ; died February 18, 1699-1700.

Katiierine, born March 20, 1698-99; baptized by the Rev. Thomas
Craighead at Strabane; married, May 30 (?), 1721, at Chil-
mark, Captain Samuel Smith.

John, born July 30, 1700; baptized at Strabane by the Rev. Samuel
Haliday of Ardstraw ; died October 14, 1732, at Chilmark.

Jane, born August 30, 1701; baptized at Strabane by the Rev. Wil-
liam Homes of Urney; married, July 1, 1725, Sylvanus Allen of
Chilmark ; died December 17, 1763, at Chilmark.

Agnes, born May 31, 1704; baptized by the Rev. Mr. Homes of
Urney; married, December 14, 1725, Joshua Allen.

Elizabeth, born September 15, 1705; married by the Rev. Mr.
Prince, February 5, 1729-30, to James Hutchinson.

Hannah, born January 31, 1708-09.

Margery, born January 23, 1710-11 ; married, June 11, 1734, Ben-
jamin Daggett.
See also a memoir of Mrs. Sarah Tappan.

HOMES AND CEAIGHEAD 83

The testimonial from Convoy was printed as part
of the preface written by Joseph Sewall and Thomas
Prince for Homes 's "The Good Government of
Christian Families Becommended, ' ' a memorial vol-
ume issued in 1747. It was signed by Francis Laird
at Donaghmore 1 July 12, 1714.

It will be seen that Homes came well recom-
mended. He was of gentle spirit, although, some-
thing of a leader, having served in Ireland as mod-
erator of the general Synod of 1708 which met at Bel-
fast with fifty-four ministers and forty ruling elders
present. He was a student of administration. His
work, entitled " Proposals of Some Things to be
done in our administring Ecclesiastical Govern-
ment^ (Boston, 1732) favored a council or presby-
tery of churches to check the friction which became
evident on several occasions among New England
ministers and people. The Eev. John White of
Gloucester replied two years later in "New Eng-
land's Lamentations," contending that, excepting
ruling elders and the "third way of communion,' '
the Congregationalists and Presbyterians stood on
common ground. White held that no church in the
whole consociation of churches would be so stub-
born as to "sustain the dreadful sentence of non-
communion." Nevertheless he felt secure in Con-
gregational polity after reading the fifth chapter

1 Laird was succeeded there in 1744 by the Rev. Benjamin
Homes.

84 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEEES

of first Corinthians, where "the Brethren'' are ad-
monished to come together and subject their sinning
members to discipline.

Samuel Sewall welcomed Mr. Homes upon his
arrival, and showed him many marks of respect. In
his diary on October 5, 1714, Sewall wrote: "I wait
on the Lient. Gov r , visit Mr. William Homes, Mr.
Thomas Craighead, Ministers, in order to know
what was best to be done as to the ship 's coming up.
Carried them a Bushel Turnips, cost me 5 s and a
Cabbage cost half a Crown. Dined at the Castle, L l
Gov r also invited Mr. Homes." On December 2d
he records a gift of "an angel" (ten shillings) to
Mr. Homes and Mr. Craighead, and in correspond-
ence later he showed his good will.

The pulpit at Chilmark in Martha's Vineyard be-
ing vacant, Homes returned to the scene of his
youthful labors. There he remained, faithful and
honored, until his death June 27, 1746, in his eighty-
fourth year. Mrs. Homes died April 10, 1754, in her
eighty-second year. Thus were lost to the upbuild-
ing of Ireland two worthy characters.

Parker says 1 that a young man named Homes, son
of a Presbyterian clergyman, first brought reports
to the people in Ireland of opportunities in New
England. This was probably Captain Robert
Homes, son of the Rev. "William Homes ; he had an
unusual opportunity for intercourse with his

History of Londonderry, p. 34.

HOMES AND CEAIGHEAD 85

father's former parishioners through his voyages to
Ireland. In 1717 two men with names later signifi-
cant in the Worcester and Falmouth settlements,
called to see the minister at Chilmark; they were
John McClellan and James Jameson. Three weeks
later (November 24th) Mr. Homes writes in his
diary: "This day I received several letters, one from
Doctor Cotton Mather, one from severall gentlemen
proprietors of lands at or near to Casco Bay, and
one from son Eobert."

The above quotation points strongly to a confer-
ence held at Boston in November between Captain
Eobert Homes, recently from Ireland and interested
in transporting Scotch Irish families, the Eev. Cot-
ton Mather, eager to see the frontiers defended by a
God-fearing, hardy people, and the third party to
the conference, the men who were attempting to
plant settlements along the Kennebec. They must
have talked over the project for a great migration
(they all had written to the minister at Chilmark),
and undoubtedly Captain Eobert Homes sent over
letters and plans to friends at Strabane, Donagh-
more, Donegal and Londonderry. Perhaps no one
in Boston had so many relatives among the clergy
in Ulster, and as a sea-captain he had a still fur-
ther interest in the migration. Eobert himself sailed
for Ireland April 13, 1718, and returned "full of
passengers' ' about the middle of October.

The Eev. Mr. Homes in his diary describes his

86

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

journey to Boston on this great occasion. He lodged
with his son and preached twice, from Philemon i.
21, for the Rev. Cotton Mather at the North meet-
ing honse, and from Proverbs xii. 26 for the Rev.
John "Webb at the New North; neither text seems
to have had any special significance.

The Rev. William Homes had two prominent

Donegal, County Donegal
Home of the Rev. Thomas Craighead

brothers-in-law, Robert and Thomas Craighead.
The Rev. Robert Craighead studied divinity at Edin-
burgh and Leyden and had a conspicuous career at
Dublin from 1709 until 1738, when he died. In 1719,
when the Presbyterian church in Ireland was in pro-
longed debate over the deity of Christ and subscrip-
tion to the Westminster Confession of Faith, he
served as moderator of the Ulster Synod. The Rev.

HOMES AND CEAIGHEAD 87

Thomas Craighead was educated in Scotland, but
later entered upon his trials for the ministry as a
probationer in the Presbytery of Strabane in 1698.
He settled at Donegal. Here he remained until he
removed with his brother-in-law Homes to America
in 1714', being succeeded by the Eev. John Homes,
who enjoyed a long pastorate at Donegal. 1

The Eev. Thomas Craighead had the unhappy gift
of discord and he led a somewhat stormy life, al-
though he was a fearless and a useful minister. For
some time all went well at Freetown. Mr. Craig-
head, when he settled there, had agreed to subsist
on voluntary contributions from his flock. Probably
his manner did not attract, and the support became
gradually reduced until he was obliged to petition
the General Court for a grant of money. They al-
lowed ten pounds in June, 1718, for half a year's
services. This was probably not the first grant of
the kind to Mr. Craighead. In 1719 he brought
his plight to the notice of the Justices of the Peace

*By his wife, Margaret, Mr. Craighead had:
Thomas, born in 1702; married Margaret, daughter of George

Brown, merchant of Londonderry, Ireland. A farmer at

White Clay Creek, Delaware.
Andrew, died unmarried.
Alexander, died in March, 1766 ; an eloquent minister who lived

in Pennsylvania, Virginia and North Carolina.
John, of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania.
Jane, married, October 23, 1725, the Rev. Adam Boyd, pastor of

a church at the forks of the Brandywine. Their son edited

the Cape Fear Mercury.

88 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

for Bristol County, and at a Court of General Ses-
sions of the Peace the town was ordered to lay a
rate for his support. Many refused to comply and
were thrown into jail. A petition to the General
Court asking to have the men liberated, the rate de-
clared annulled and Craighead 's election as minister
at Freetown void, was granted June 19, 1719. The
unfortunate minister then petitioned for relief, hav-
ing for four and a half years preached at Freetown,
three of these years without pay, and being then
deeply in debt. In December he was granted twenty
pounds. 1 Among his enemies John Hathaway, a
kinsman, was a conspicuous figure, and to him Cot-
ton Mather addressed a stirring letter, as a last
effort to restore peace. It was written July 21,
1719:

"21 d Vml719
"You cannot be insensable that the minister whom
ye glorious Lord hath graciously sent among you
is a man of Excellent Spirit, and a great Blessing
to your plantation. Mr. Craighead is a man of Sin-
gular piety and Humility & meekness, & patience
& self denial and industry in the work of God. All
that are acquainted with him, have a precious esteem
of him. And if he should be driven from you, it
would be such a Damage [to] you, such a Ruine to
your plantation, as ought not without Horror to be
thought upon.

Province Laws 1719-20, Chapters 43, 110.

HOMES AND CRAIGHEAD 89

"But, we are given to understand, from some who
are the spectators of what is done among you, That
Mr. Hath way 's Coming unto a good, friendly &
Christian Frame towards Mr. Craighead would
much Contribute unto his Comfortable Coun-
tenance Among you. We do therefore, Exceed-
ingly importune you, to put away Evil Differences
towards that faithful Servant of God. and Come
unto such a frame, as, if you now felt the last Pangs
of Death upon you (which Cannot be put off) you
would chuse to dy withal.

"It will be not a little for your own Eeputation
with Godly & Worthy Men, that your disaffection for
that Valuable man were laid aside And if once
you come to sit lovingly together, the more you
know him the more will you Love him."

Craighead soon left Freetown, and in the spring
of the year 1723 moved his family southward into
"the Jerseys," as President Stiles of Yale makes
record. He joined Newcastle presbytery January
28, 1724, and on the 22nd of the next month was
installed minister of the church at White Clay Creek
in Delaware. There Mr. Craighead preached elo-
quently for seven years, enjoying frequent revivals
and building new churches through his zeal. In
1733 he moved to Lancaster County, Pennsylvania,
and joined Donegal presbytery September 3rd. He
was pastor of the church at Pequea from October
31, 1733, to September, 1736. Changing his resi-

90 SCOTCH IBISH PIONEEES

dence once more he settled at Hopewell in 1738, and
preached nntil he died while pronouncing a bene-
diction, in April, 1739; his last church was within
the bounds of the present town of Newville, a few
miles west of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. While
serving in these pastorates he was known as
" Father' ' Craighead, and attained a wide reputa-
tion, rising soon to be moderator of the Synod.

Craighead came of a distinguished family, and
is the ancestor of many ministers in the southern
states. Having relatives in Londonderry and Dub-
lin he was able by correspondence to stir the spirit
of migration. He stands as a link between New Eng-
land and the colonies south of the Hudson. Many of
the Scotch Irish went from the Kennebec settle-
ments to happier surroundings in Pennsylvania.
They left brothers and cousins throughout Massa-
chusetts and New York. Their ties of sympathy,
faith and blood, helped to bind the colonies together
in 1775. Tidings of the fight at Lexington stirred
North and South Carolina profoundly for there
were kinships along the entire coast.

VI

ULSTER AND THE PRESBYTERIAN
MINISTRY IN 1718

In the early years of the Colonies, that is, before
1718, an occasional party of emigrants went ont
from Ireland in the ships which sailed to sonthern
ports for tobacco and cotton. Through them the Car-
olinas became in a few years familiar to the people
of Ulster. New England on the other hand received
scarcely any immigration before 1718, and there
was very little intercourse, unless we except that
of a theological and literary nature which existed
between leaders of thought in Dublin and Boston.
This was perhaps the chief reason which led to the
appointment of an agent by the Banj^iallejf colo-
nists.

This agent, the Rev. William Boyd, was ordained
at Macosquin in January, 1709-10. The Rev.
Thomas Boyd, probably his father, was an Episco-
pal clergyman at the neighboring town of Aghado-
wey, and although deposed in 1661 for non-conform-
ity, continued to preach there until his death in
1699, holding services also at Macosquin for the
last ten years that he lived.

When the Rev, William Boyd had fulfilled his

92 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEEES

mission in Boston and was ready to return to Ma-
cosquin, he preached a "return" sermon at the
weekly lecture on the 19th of March, 1718-19. It
was printed in 1719 with the title "God's way the
Best way" (Jeremiah vi. 16). The introduction by
the Rev. Increase Mather tells in rather quaint
language so much of interest relating to Mr. Boyd
and his mission to New England that it is given in
part just as he wrote it: "It was not before the last
Summer that he Arrived among us. He had his
Education in the University of Edinburgh in Scot-
land; and there commenc'd Master of Arts: and
afterwards Read Divinity in the Famous Colledge
and University in Glasgow 1 under the care of Mr.
Widrow, then Professor of Divinity there. Has
been Ordained a Minister of the Gospel, and Pastor
of a Church at Macasky in Ireland. Many in that
Kingdom having had thoughts of a remove to this
part of the World, have considered him as a Person
suitably qualify 'd to take a Voyage hither, and to
make Enquiry what Encouragement or otherwise,
they might expect in case they should engage in so
weighty and hazardous an Undertaking, as that of
Transporting themselves & Families over so vast an
Ocean. The issue of this Affair has a great depend-
ence on the Conduct of this Worthy Author. The

^mong the Fasti are William Boyd, 1709, and Adam Boyd,
1711. References to the. Boyds may be found in Miss Leavitt's
The Blair Family (1900).

PEESBYTEEIANS IN ULSTER 93

Lord direct him in it. Since his being in New-Eng-
land (as well as afore that) by the Exemplary holi-
ness of his Conversation, and the Eminency of his
Ministerial Gifts, he has obtained a good Eeport
amongst all Good Men. . . .

"It is justly observed in the Sermon Emitted
herewith, that Antiquity alone, is not a sufficient Jus-
tification of any Practice ; Altho ' Truth is more An-
cient than Error.' '

Cotton Mather with his unfailing kindness sent
Mr. Boyd away with a generous letter of commenda-

tion: ' l Boston, N. E.

20 d ii m 1719

"It is hereby Certified on Behalf of y e Eeverend
M r . William Boyd That which he has Commenced
among us, he has, as far as we Could know or learn
Adorned Y e Doctrines of God o r Saviour, with un-
blemished Conversation, and improved y e Charac-
ter given him in y e recomendations which he brought
hither from Ireland with him. And that his public
Labours in y e ministry of the Gospel, have been De-
sired and Accepted among the people of God in this
Country: with whom he now leaves a very Good
Name, & Eeputation, At his Departure from us.

"Having furnished this O r worthy Brother with
Such a Testimony, we earnestly Comend him to y 6
Conduct & Blessing of o r glorious Lord, in y e Voy-
age that is now before him. ' n

American Antiquarian Society Manuscripts,

94 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Before further reference is made to Mr. Boyd's
subsequent career and the lives of his contempora-
ries, something must be said of the Presbyterian
church in Ulster, its organization, its work and its
ministry, for the ministers were closely allied with
the first plan to form a Scotch Irish colony in Amer-
ica. The General Synod of the Presbyterian church
^# in Ulster was held usually in June of each year. The
Synod of 1717 is especially interesting for its long
and important sessions, in which Boyd, McGregor,
Cornwall and others who were interested in America
took part. Nine presbyteries were represented,
Down, Belfast, Antrim, Tyrone, Armagh, Coleraine,
Derry, Convoy, and Monaghan; one hundred
churches sent their ministers and in most instances
also a ruling elder. The aged David Cargill had
come with the Eev. Mr. McGregor from Aghadowey ;
they were both appointed by the Synod members
of the Committee "on funds. " Matthew Clark
and James Woodside were absent; Clark was ex-
cused, but Mr. Woodside did not have so good a rea-
son for absence and was not excused.

The records of the Synod show among other ac-
tivities an increasing interest in the Irish language,
some ministers being able to read and others to
preach in Irish. The Synod of Argyle also expressed
a desire to aid Ulster in the conversion of the Irish,
and there is mention of a Celtic catechism, ready to
be printed. Of still greater importance, if Mr,

PRESBYTERIANS IN ULSTER 95

McGregor was already thinking and speaking of re-
moval to America, was his appointment to travel
abont the counties of Londonderry, Antrim and
Tyrone on a mission to convert the Celtic Irish.

The Synod declined after much discussion to
transfer the Rev. Robert Craighead, brother of the
minister soon to be in Massachusetts, from Dublin
to Londonderry. Many other cases of ministerial
transfers were discussed, including the Rev. Mr.
Cornwall's request to be relieved of his work at
Augher (near Clogher) on account of ill-health, the
distance of his house from the church, and the inabil-
ity of the congregation to meet expenses. 2

A young man who wished to enter the ministry
was examined by the Presbytery of Antrim which
now reported to the Synod "that he hath neither a
natural capacity nor learning any way equal to the
work of the Ministry,' ' and was advised to lay
aside his purpose.

• There are also in the records many discussions of
charities, assignments to preach, admonitions to
thoughtless or possibly sinful brothers. Taking
them all in all, the records of the Ulster Synod are

1 A second opportunity for the spread of the "fever" for emigra-
tion was offered by the appointment of the Rev. Mr. Cornwall to
preach in August before the new Presbytery of Augher, erected
from parts of the counties of Monaghan and Tyrone. The next
year four young men were presented by this Presbytery for their
"second trials," and it was announced that they were "designed for
America,"

96 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

orderly, concise, and sane — a monument to a century
and more of religious work in Ireland. They con-
vince the reader that a man privileged to take part
in the meetings of his congregation, of his presby-
tery, or of the General Synod had an opportunity
to fit himself for self-government. Indeed, the com-
mittee work and the exercise in speaking which these
assemblies offered prepared the leading Presby-
terian laymen in Ulster to participate in county and
town affairs in America on equal terms with their
neighbors. The Scotch Irish, from minister to la-
borer, were bred in an atmosphere of self-reliance,
and they carried this force with them to the New
World.

The emigrants of the year 1718 came largely from
the Bann Valley. The Valley's chief town, Cole-
raine, still gloried in its buildings of the Elizabethan
period, grouped along a good road leading to the
square (now called the Diamond), and onward to
the bridge across the Bann water. John Barrow, a-
traveller of a later date, writes :

' ' Standing on this bridge, the spectator has a fine
view of the Bann on both sides of it; that to the
northward embraces, among a number of decent-
looking villas or farm-houses, a very pretty man-
sion and grounds on the left bank, close to the sub-
urb, called, from the owner I imagine, Jackson Hall ;
and the view in the contrary direction, or up the
river, exhibits many neat villas, well planted with

53 **
O <n

o K

o

W

PRESBYTERIANS IN ULSTER 99

wood. Among them a parkish-looking place, on the
left bank, canght my attention, and I walked along
a good road, not merely to get a nearer view of it,
bnt also to take a look at the salmon-leap, which I
knew to be abont the spot. This place is named Som-
erset. . . . The little cottages belonging to the
weavers, are, like those of Antrim, bnilt of stone, and
have a neat appearance ; but there is this distinctive
character which makes them differ from an English
cottage, — that they are all open to the road in front,
and want that little paled-off garden enclosure, so
common to our meanest cottages." 1

The Presbyterian ministers of this region in 1718
were the Rev. William Boyd at Macosquin, a village
three miles out of Coleraine on the road to Aghado-
wey; the Rev. James McGregor at Aghadowey;
and a short distance south the Rev. James Woodside
at Garvagh; all on the west side of the Bann.

1 Barrow's Tour Round Ireland, p. 88. Thackeray in "The Irish
Sketch Book" speaks of Coleraine "with a number of cabin sub-
urbs belonging to it, lying picturesquely grouped on the Bann
River." Farther on occurs his poem, "Peg of Limavaddy," be-
ginning :

Riding from Coleraine

(Famed for lovely Kitty)
Came a cockney bound
Unto Derry City;

Weary was his soul,

Shivering and sad he
Bumped along the road

Leads to Limavaddy.

100 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Farther south, near the Bann, the Rev. Matthew
Clark, a survivor of the siege of Londonderry and
a military man, preached at Kilrea; and the Rev.
John Stirling was at Ballykelly, county London-
derry, a dozen miles west of Coleraine. At Oole-
raine was the Rev. Robert Higinbotham, famous in
his day for his futile attempt to change his mind
after having honored Mrs. Martha Woods with the
offer of his hand ; and about six miles south of Cole-
raine at Ballymoney, just across the river from
Aghadowey, was the Rev. Robert McBride. Eight
or ten miles north east of Coleraine at Billy or
Bushmills was the Rev. John Porter, said by con-
temporaries to have been a ' ' sprightly orator, ' ' and
four miles to the south west of Bushmills the Rev.
Henry Neill was at Ballyrashane.

At Londonderry no one at the moment held the
pulpit of the Rev. Robert Craighead, who died Au-
gust 22, 1711. At Donegal, a few miles west of Lif-
ford and Strabane, was the Rev. John Homes, and
at Donaghmore the Rev. Benjamin Homes. In
County Tyrone the Rev. Samuel Haliday, father of
the famous Dr. Haliday, was six miles south of
Strabane at Ardstraw; the Rev. William Cornwall
was twenty miles farther south at Clogher ; he was
thinking of America, and no doubt in communication
with the Homes family. At Kilmore, county Down,
was the Rev. Thomas Elder, and at Magherally the
Rev. Samuel Young.

PRESBYTERIANS IN ULSTER 101

All these ministers are known to have had some
interest in or sympathy with a proposal for migra-
tion to New England ; bnt when Boyd was about to
sail for Massachusetts Bay and a petition for lands
for Scotch Irish settlers was prepared for him to
present to Governor Shute, only four ministers, Hig-
inbotham, Porter, Neill, and Elder, added their sig-
natures, and not one who signed came over to New
England to live.

The petition is headed by the Rev. James Teatte,
probably the James Tate who served at Killeshan-
dra, near the town of Cavan, from 1705 to 1729. If
he had any ties with the Coleraine presbytery to
which most of the clerical signers belonged we have
now no means of discovering them.

Of the other clerical signers of this petition a few
words only are necessary. Thomas Cobham was or-
dained at Clough, a village south of Ballymoney in
county Antrim, in March, and only a few days be-
fore the petition was drawn up. Robert Neilson, an
aged minister, whose trembling hand wrote a signa-
ture which Mr. Parker in his "Londonderry' ' very
naturally printed " Houston,' ' held no parish al-
though long identified with Kilraughts in the Pres-
bytery of Route (later the Presbytery of Coleraine).
William Leech was the minister of Ballymena,
county Antrim, 1698-1738, although the historians
Killen and Hanna speak of the minister there as
Thomas Leech. Robert Higinbotham of Coleraine,

102 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

John Porter of Bushmills and Henry Neill of Bally-
rashane were all members of the Presbytery of Cole-
raine. The next signer, Thomas Elder, was from
Connty Down, although he may have lived at one
time in the Coleraine presbytery, since one of the
same name accompanied the Rev. Mr. Neill to the
Synod of 1716. James Thomson was to become min-
ister at Ballywillan, near Coleraine, in a few weeks.
Alexander Dunlop, a signer, was not a minister in
Ulster, nor were two other clerical signers of the
petition to Shnte, Archibald McCook and Samnel
Wilson, of whom nothing is known in the Presby-
terian annals of Ulster. Dunlop, McCook and Wil-
son were Masters of Arts ; all the others were Min-
isters of the Word of God, signing themselves
V[erbi] D[ei] Mfinister]. The more one studies
the list the more one is puzzled by its composition.
It appears to have been prepared in some haste by
ministers in the Bann Valley? possibly at a presby-
tery gathering which Tate, Leech, and Elder had
attended.

The names of the other signers are also for the
most part well written and still easily to be read.
They have not as familiar a sound as one might ex-
pect, but if we recognize in one column Randall Alex-
ander, in another Andrew McFadden, and in a third
Matthew Slarrow, we may assume that most of the
names were gathered in the Bann Valley towns. All
the names doubtless looked impressive to Governor

PRESBYTERIANS IN ULSTER 105

Shute, even if upon us the significance of many of
them is lost. And perhaps both the Governor and
Cotton Mather were no wiser than we are.

The petition to Governor Shute was engrossed on
a sheet of parchment twenty-eight inches square,
and is now deposited with the New Hampshire His-
torical Society, at Concord, where it may be seen. 1

The ministers who accompanied the first colonists
in 1718 were worthy men, but their departure from
Ulster did not deprive the Presbyterian Church of
any of its real leaders.

The Rev. William Boyd upon his return to Macos-
quin continued his work there until 1725, when Mon-
reagh in County Donegal called him. This parish,
on the west bank of the Foyle between Londonderry
and Lifford, promised to build a meeting house and
to secure to him £40 per annum. He was installed
April 25, 1725, and died there in service May 2, 1772,
leaving children. He last attended a synod in 1762,
when he was probably in feeble health. His career
was a troubled one, on account of a rival minister
who built a church at St. Johnstown within his juris-
diction, and alienated many of his people. The Gen-
eral Synod took his part steadily, but was finally
forced to recognize the new organization.

Monreagh was in Boyd's time also called Taboin
or Taughboyne. The McClintocks were prominent
Presbyterians in Taughboyne, and William McClin-

1 See Appendix II.

106 SCOTCH IRISH* PIONEERS

tock, father of the Rev. Samuel of Portsmouth, New
Hampshire, may have been of this race.

The Rev. James McGregor or McGregore fol-
lowed the Rev. Thomas Boyd at Aghadowey, a small
Londonderry village whose name means " Duffy's
field.' ' He was ordained there June 25, 1701, came
to Boston August 4, 1718, and died at the American
Londonderry of a fever after a short illness March
5, 1729. 1 A widow and seven, it is said, of their ten
children survived him. The widow, Mary Ann Mc-
Gregor, was married January 9, 1733, by the Rev.
John Moorhead of Boston, to Mr. McGregor's Lon-
donderry successor, the Rev. Matthew Clark, a vig-
orous and picturesque preacher.

Little is known of McGregor's education and
early life; his name does not appear on the mem-
bership rolls of the universities, but he was a man
of good abilities. He came possibly from the Scotch
highlands, for his knowledge of Celtic enabled him
to take a leading part in the movement to draw into
the Presbyterian Church those of highland and Irish
descent. It was found that both peoples could read

1 Boston News-Letter, March 27, 1729. I have discovered very-
little about Mr. McGregor's children. Mr. Otis G. Hammond
kindly searched the deeds and found mention of a daughter Jane,
wife of Alexander Clark of Portsmouth, physician; a daughter
Margaret, wife of Alexander Caldwell of Portsmouth, shop-
keeper ; and sons David of Londonderry, clerk or minister ; James
of Londonderry, yeoman ; and Alexander of Rhode Island, school-
master. Parker's Londonderry, p. 280, mentions also Robert,
Daniel, Mary, Elizabeth and John.

PEESBYTEEIANS IN ULSTER 107

the Bible in Celtic, and Presbyterians vied with
Churchmen in establishing missions. Two dissent-
ing societies were organized in 1716 to study the
language, and McGregor was appointed to preach to
one of them at a meeting in Dungiven in August. 1 A
few years earlier he had become associated in this
work with the Rev. Archibald Boyd, and we find
them both as followers of the Rev. William Boyd on
New England soil in 1718. McGregor's coming was
doubtless hastened by the poverty of his parish,
which owed him eighty pounds at the time of his de-
parture. The General Synod brought pressure to
collect half the sum, but with what result we cannot
tell, for Aghadowey was reported in 1728 to be
religiously and financially in " a sinking state. ' '

The rigid standards of the dissenters at this
period bring the sins of the clergy into relief. In
1700 they were censured by the Synod because they,
their wives and children, were " gaudy and vain" in
their manner of dress. They were cautioned to
avoid "powderings, vain cravats, half shirts, and
the like," as well as " sumptuous, prodigal dinners"
at ordinations. McGregor and Boyd, the apostles
to the Irish, withstood the allurements of fashion,
but were found wanting in other virtues. McGregor,
having taken several cans of ale at Coleraine where,
as he said, "less might have serv'd," was in 1704
after a vote of "not proven" severely admonished

1 Records of the General Synod of Ulster.

108 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

before the whole Synod of Ulster. Curiously enough
the chief of his accusers bore the surname of Love.
McGregor's after life appears to have been exem-
plary. Archibald Boyd was deposed for sins against
morality in 1716; he appeared in Boston in 1718,
but no reference was made to his former ministerial
position.

McGregor's son David became even better known
than his father as a Presbyterian leader, while set-
tled at Londonderry, New Hampshire. He was a
controversialist and speaker whose influence was felt
for many years in New England.

The weakness for excessive drinking affected men
of all classes in Ireland. The archbishops admon-
ished the clergy of the Established Church, and the
Synod labored with the dissenters. John Gamble in
his travels in the north of Ireland in 1810 refers to
a certain Presbyterian clergyman who could lecture
"on the seven churches, and on the seven candle-
sticks, as pat as if it was the Gospel o' St. Luke.
Has but one fault in the world— he's our fond of the
wee drap." The Congregation were tolerant of this
failing in their pastor, but a parishioner said : "Ogh
aye, man, the Papists and the high kirk hold out
their fingers at us, and gibe us, sore, on his ac-
count. ' n

The Rev. Mr. Clark, mentioned above, was at Kil-

1 Gamble's Sketches of History, Politics and Manners in Dublin,
and the North of Ireland in 1810, New Ed., London, 1826, p. 244.

PRESBYTERIANS IN ULSTER 109

rea ; his connection with the congregation there was
severed April 28, 1729. A few miles to the north-
west the Eev. James Woodside had for many years
preached at Garvagh. His arrival in New England
will be described in an account of the Brunswick
settlement. But a letter of encouragement from the
Rev. Cotton Mather, written in February, 1718-19,
has several interesting passages, and is given in full
from the draft in the American Antiquarian Society :

[To the Rev. James Woodside] < < 3 d XII m 1718

"Tis more than Time that your Brethren here
should bid you welcome to the western side of Ye
Atlantic and make you a Tender of all the Brotherly
Assistance that we are capable of giving you ; espe-
cially under ye Difficulties which at your first Ar-
rival you cannot but meet withal. The Glorious
providence of God o r Saviour, which has been at
work, in the Removal of so many people, who are
of so Desirable a character as we see come & coming
from ye North of Ireland, Unto ye North of New
England, has doubtless very great Intentions in it ;
and, what He does, we know not now, but we shall
know hereafter.

1 1 He who Defeated ye purposes of such a removal
attempted by some excellent persons of your Nation
& Spirit, more than four score years ago, now seems
to favor us. 1 Is it not because He has a work to do

1 The "Eagle Wing" left Ireland in 1636.

110 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

which we are not yet aware of! Happy and Hon-
oured, those of us Christians [?] by whom o r glori-
ous Lord comes to have these ends of ye earth for
His possession!

"The people who are upon this Transportation,
are of such principles, & so Laudable for their sobri-
ety, their Honesty, their Industry, that we cannot
but embrace you with a most fervent charity, and
cherish hopes of noble settlements to be quickly
made in a Region, which has hitherto been a Reputed
Aceldama. 1 .

' ' The people who were formerly taking Root there,
carried not ye ministry of ye Gospel with y m , and
were once and again suddenly cursed of God. The
Indians have never yett been permitted of Heaven
to break up a Town that had a minister of ye gospel
in it. It is a vast encouragement unto o r expecta-
tions of a smile from God on the plantation now go-
ing forward, that we see a Woodside as well as a
Cornwal, appearing there; and we have a prospect
of more such ministers coming over, as will be ye
Beauty & ye Safety of that Countrey, and be ye very
life of y r colonies that will be under their watchful
& [illegible] Influences."

The Rev. William Cornwall, mentioned by Mather,
belonged to a family not unknown in the ministry.

1 Acts i, 19. The potter's field near Jerusalem, said to have been
purchased by Judas with money received for the betrayal of
Jesus.

PRESBYTEEIANS IN ULSTER 111

Thomas Cornwall graduated at Edinburgh in 1694,
and William "of Ireland" matriculated at Glasgow
in 1687. They were possibly sons of Gabriel Corn-
wall who preached in 1656 at two villages a few
miles northeast of Coleraine, Ballywillan and Bush-
mills. The Rev. William Cornwall returned to Ire-
land after a winter of hardship in Casco Bay, and
settled at Taughboyne in 1722. He died March 13,
1734-5.

Two ministers whose names will always be associ-
ated with the early life of the Scotch Irish settlers
in Worcester were the Rev. Edward FitzGerald and
the Rev. William Johnston.

The Rev. Edward FitzGerald, leader of the com-
pany which settled in Worcester in 1718, deserves
notice, but his history has not been found. An influ-
ential man of the same name was an original settler
of Boscawen, New Hampshire, in 1734. 1 The last
record of the Rev. Edward FitzGerald in Worcester
is in 1725, when £2 were recorded in the Town Treas-
urer 's report as due "to ye Revd Mr. Fits Gearld." 2
The town had called the Rev. Isaac Burr in Febru-
ary, 1725, and it would appear that, being in need
of a temporary preacher, Mr. FitzGerald had been

1 Another FitzGerald, Richard by name, married at Scituate in
1729, and was a Latin schoolmaster in Hanover, Massachusetts,
from 1734 to 1746. The presence of two educated men of the name
in New England at this time, both probably Protestants, suggests
some kinship with the Rev. Edward FitzGerald of Worcester.

3 Collections Worcester Society of Antiquity, Vol. 2, p. 41.

112 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

engaged until the ordination of Mr. Bnrr in October.
This, however, is merely a conjecture.

The Rev. William Johnston, born at Mullagh-
moyle, County Tyrone (?), in 1710, was the son of
William and Elizabeth (Hoey) Johnston. After
seven years at the University of Edinburgh, he came
to Worcester. The Presbyterians there endeavored
in March, 1736-7, to become exempt from taxation
for the support of the town church that they might
maintain Mr. Johnston in the ministry. 1

Failing in this, he removed to Windham, New
Hampshire, where he became the first minister of
the town in July, 1742. In July, 1752, the parish had
become so poor that he voluntarily withdrew and
settled in New York State, dying at Florida, Mont-
gomery county, May 10, 1782, after many years of
service in various places. 2

Of other Presbyterian ministers who came from
Ireland in 1718 or possibly the year following, the
most important in the Connecticut valley 3 were the
Rev. John McKinstry 4 of Sutton, Massachusetts and
Ellington, Connecticut, the Rev. James Hillhouse of
New London, and the Rev. Samuel Dorrance of Vol-

1 Collections Worcester Society of Antiquity, Vol. 2, p. 106.

2 See a sketch of him in Morrison's Windham, p. 607.

3 See an excellent paper on "The Irish Pioneers of the Connecti-
cut Valley" in Connecticut Valley Historical Society Papers, Vol.
2, pp. 175-213.

*The genealogy of the McKinstrys has been published by the
Hon. William Willis of Portland, Maine.

PRESBYTERIANS IN ULSTER 113

untown. McKinstry was born at Brode 1 on the east-
ern shore of Antrim, near Carrickfergus, in 1677,
and took his Master of Arts degree at Edinburgh in
1712. Willis believes that he came in 1718, but I find
no record of him so early. The town of Sntton voted
December 25, 1719, to call him to be pastor at the
meeting-house which the people had recently com-
pleted. Later he moved to Ellington, where he died
January 20, 1754.

The Rev. James Hillhouse was born about 1688,
the son of John and Rachel Hillhouse, owners of a
large estate called Freehall, in County Londonderry.
He studied at Glasgow under the famous Professor
Simson, and was ordained by Derry presbytery
October 15, 1718. Coming to America in 1720, he
was called to a church in the second parish of New
London in 1722, where he died December 15, 1740.
His son William was a member of the Continental
Congress, and William's son James was a Senator
of the United States. 2 Mr. Hillhouse 's widow Mary
married the Rev. John Owen of Groton, Connecticut,
who may have been of the Scotch Irish connection.
Her third choice was also a minister, so that she was
said to have spent her life "near the altar.' ' This
third husband, the Rev. Samuel Dorrance, was en-

1 Brod appears in the Hibernian Atlas, but does not appear in the
printed list of townlands.

2 See Bacon's Sketch of the Hon. James Hillhouse, New Haven,
1860. James, uncle of the emigrant, was mayor of Londonderry
in 1693. Abraham Hillhouse was at the siege.

114

SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

tered as an Anglo -Hibernian at Glasgow University
in 1709. He is said to have studied divinity at Edin-
burgh, although his name does not appear in the
printed list of graduates ; was licensed by Dunbar-
ton presbytery in Scotland, and in 1719 was re-
ported as received by the Presbytery of Coleraine,
his testimonials having been read by the Synod of
Derry. He settled in Voluntown, now Stirling, Con-
necticut, bringing with him several brothers and
friends who became leaders in the community. Dor-
rance was ordained in 1723, not without opposition
from those who opposed Presbyterian proclivities.

1 Signers of the Westminster Confession at Voluntown:

Samuel Dorrance
Robert Gordon
Thomas Cole
John Kasson
John Campbell
Robert Campbell
Samuel Campbell
John Gordon
Alexander Gordon
Ebenezer Dow
John Keigwin
William Hamilton
Robert Hopkin
John Smith
Daniel Dill
Thomas Welch
Jacob Bacon
^=^».Daniel Cass
John Dorrance

— Larned's

George Dorrance
Samuel Church, Jun.
John Dorrance, Jun.
Nathaniel Deane
Vincent Patterson
Robert Miller
Patrick Parke
Samuel Church
Adam Kasson
William Kasson
David Hopkins
Charles Campbell
Nath. French
John Gibson
James Hopkins
John Parke
Robert Parke
William Rogers
John Gallup
Windham County, Conn., Vol. 1, p. 250.

PRESBYTERIANS IN ULSTER 115

In 1750 this opposition became aroused, but
again subsided, and their pastor was allowed to
serve until March 5, 1771, when he was dismissed.
Dorrance died November 12, 1775, at the age of
ninety, leaving a large family. The first members of
the church were asked to subscribe to the Westmin-
ster Confession of Faith. The English settlers held
aloof, but the Scotch friends of Mr. Dorrance very
generally signed. One might properly ask whether
Dorrance had been long enough in Ireland to gather
a following, or whether the Voluntown settlers came
from Scotland. Since he was accepted by the Pres-
bytery of Coleraine it seems probable that he came
there to live, and finding many bent on migration
joined in their well matured plans. 1

Two of the earliest Scotch Irish ministers in west-
ern Massachusetts, where Presbyterian influences
grew rapidly, were the Rev. John Harvey and the
Rev. Robert Abercrombie. Harvey was ordained at
Palmer, then known as "The Elbows," June 5, 1734,
and resigned in 1747, when he removed to Bland-
ford to be with his Scotch Irish friends in that set-
tlement.

The Rev. Robert Abercrombie came to Boston late
in 1740 with testimonials from the Presbytery of
Kirkcaldy in Scotland, and from the Rev. Mr. Wil-
son of Perth. He settled in Pelham in 1744 and
after a useful but somewhat troubled career died
during the Revolutionary period.

116 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Of the many ministers who served the Maine coast
settlers several deserve notice. The Rev. William
Cornwall who spent the winter of 1718-19 at Fal-
mouth, and the Rev. James Woodside, an early min-
ister at Brunswick, have both been mentioned. Lit-
tle is known at present of the Rev. Hugh Campbell,
Master of Arts at Edinburgh in 1714, who spent
a year at Scarboro, Maine, in 1720, and was followed
by the Rev. Hugh Henry in June, 1722. The Rev.
Robert Rutherford, perhaps a student at Glasgow
in 1708, was ordained at Ahma-Carte March 23,
1714, came over with the Dunbar migration in 1729,
and preached at Bristol, Nobleboro, and Boothbay
in Maine. He was minister at Brunswick from about
1735 to 1742, and died at Thomaston October 18,
1756, aged 68. The Rev. Robert Dunlap of Bruns-
wick, Maine, was born in County Antrim, Ireland, in
August, 1715. He studied at the University of Edin-
burgh, received his Master of Arts degree about
1734, and embarked for America in the spring of
1736. He was wrecked on the Isle of Sable and
landed at the Isle of Canso. In December, 1746,
Brunswick voted to invite Mr. Dunlap to preach on
probation. He was ordained at the Protestant
French Church in Boston the next year, and
preached at Brunswick until October, 1760. He
died June 26, 1776. The Rev. William Mc-
Clanethan of Georgetown, Maine, was employed
to preach for several years, beginning in 1734, but

PEESBYTERIANS IN ULSTER 117

having no settlement. He moved to Blandf ord, Mas-
sachusetts, in 1744. The Rev. Alexander Boyd of
New-Castle, Maine, labored there first in 1754. The
presence of many Congregationalists raised dissen-
tion soon after, and he was removed in 1758. He
had studied divinity at Glasgow, and being approved
by the Boston presbytery in 1749 he preached at
Georgetown, Maine, and elsewhere on the Kennebec
for a year or two. 1

In looking back over this rather cursory survey of
the Ulster clergy we find that the migration of
1718-20 did not noticeably injure the Presbyterian
ministry in Ireland where the Churches were well
organized, and the leaders as a whole intelligent,
prosperous and reasonably free from tyranny of
law. If it had any effect it was upon the growing
tide in later years. Men like McGregor and Homes
represented a worthy standard, and their example
must have influenced many in Ulster. A few, com-
ing without proper credentials, or under a cloud,
were less worthy of favor, but they had little effect
upon public opinion. Other considerations often
prejudiced the native clergymen and laymen.

The New England people after a century out of

Jonathan Greenleafs Ecclesiastical Sketches, pp. 77-79. The
Rev. John Murray of Boothbay, Maine, first began a brilliant min-
istry there in 1763, a period rather too late to have influenced
events described in these pages. His early life was less to his
credit, and President Stiles of Yale devoted much space in his
Diary to a review of Murray's sins.

118 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

England were still, as Professor Wendell has said,
essentially Elizabethan ; their speech and their hab-
its, their polity and their ideals conld not be in har-
mony with Scotch character developed on Irish
soil, for the Scotch Irish were of the Hanoverian
age. Where the early settlers were in a minority
they tolerated a Presbyterian minister, or even came
to love him; but Presbyterianism did not thrive in
New England, where the English stock and the Con-
gregational polity were all-powerful.

VII
AGHADOWEY AND THE SESSION BOOK

The Presbyterian records of Ulster will in good
time yield a great store of information, of interest
alike to the student of religion and genealogy. The
official minutes of the Synod of Ulster are in print
and have been invaluable in the preparation of these
pages. But the records of the smaller organization,
the presbytery, and the accounts of local congrega-
tions have never been published. These, when gath-
ered together and made accessible to the student,
will reveal, with a wealth of detail, the incidents of
village life in Protestant Ireland at a period when
out of almost every family group some member
crossed the ocean to seek his fortune in America.

The records of the Presbytery of Coleraine, if
they survive, will one day throw light on the migra-
tion to America. The most important town in
certain respects of all those in the Presbytery was
Aghadowey, the home of the Eev. James McGregor.
In his day the people were, many of them, very poor.
Today smoke curls from the same gable-end chim-
neys to tell of a more contented life within the an-
cient walls. The dark thatch of the cottages is in
picturesque contrast to their white walls, and the

120

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

white gates mark openings in the long, thrifty
hedges. Sometimes bounds of field stone take the
place of hedges ; and there are fine trees arching over
excellent roads. An American, looking at the eager

in J

Wall and Ikon Gates Enclosing the Site of the

Rev. James McGregor's Meeting House

The present Presbyterian Church in the Distance

young faces that crowd the cabin doorway, might ask
if a torrent of rain must not send its flood over the
slightly raised threshold onto the stone floor within.
But there each generation has kept a fire upon the
hearth and broth in the kettle. And are not these the
best answers to any doubting traveller?

AGHADOWEY'S SESSION BOOK 121

The importance of Aghadowey and the Eev.
James McGregor in the history of Scotch Irish
emigration gives prominence to the Aghadowey
Session Book, recently presented by the Misses
Thompson of Cullycapple, Aghadowey, to the Pres-
byterian Historical Society of Ireland, and pre-
served at Belfast. This long ledger-like book pre-
serves the records from the end of 1702 to the year
1733, covering the ministry of McGregor and the
larger part of the troubled non-snbscribing career of
the Rev. John Elder. McGregor acted as clerk from
1704 to the time of his departure. He was quartered
with one of the elders, and had a protracted strug-
gle to obtain from his poor flock a separate roof for
his increasing family and bread for their main-
tenance.

The twenty-first session, and the first to be noticed
in this book of records, was held December 1, 1702,
with these members: "Mr. James McGregore, Da-
vid Miller, Hugh Eeed, John Shirila [Shirley], Dan-
iel McRelis, Robert Archbold, Mosses Dillape [Dun-
lap], Arthur Bapti, David Cargill, and Hugh Ken-
nedy.' ' Dunlap and Cargill were absent. The next
entry reads :

' ' Directions from ( A letter from the presbtry to

ye Presbtry | be comunicated concerning the

payment of steipends & a f [arm] & lodgings to our

minister this session apoin[ts] the former colectors

122 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

to use there u[tmost] diligence to gett in the Re-
mainders of the steipends & Resolves npon another
Method for the Holintyde steipends & that this allso
to [be] mannaged wt all diligence. As to the farm
they promise to nse there endeavours to pro [cure]
a farm as soone as possible & that they [are] agreed
that his Quarters be where formerly.' '

More members of the session were needed, and the
following who were "judged fitt for the work" were
warned to be present: "John Given, Thomas Will-
son, John Shirila, Juny r , John Browstr [Brewster],
John Buy [Boyce?], John Thomson, John Gold [or
Gould], Thomas Nickel, and Hugh Hendry [or
Henry ]."

At the twenty-second session, held January 26,
1702-3 "at the little house,' ' the list of grants to the
poor seems to justify a remark in Mr. J. W. Kerno-
han's description of the manuscript, written for the
December number (1909) of the Irish Presbyterian.
"At one point," he says, "a wail is uttered by the
Session about the extraordinary number of poor, for
at every meeting there was a regular distribution of
charity. ' ' The records state that grants were made
to

S. D.

James Boyd for burial of daughter 1-6
Grany OCahan 1-6

Jenet Brown 8

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AGHADOWEY'S SESSION BOOK 125

William Anderson
Eobert Alison
John Gillmore
Nealy Cahan
Jean Kearns
Margaret Miller

S. D.

6

3-0

1-0

1-0

8

8

10-6

To raise the money needed for these benefactions
required collectors for each quarter, ' l North, South,
East and West." Those appointed were Kennedy,
Cargill, Miller, Archbold, Nickel, Dunlap, Henry,
William Wallace and Eobert Hunter.

At the Session held December 19, 1715, the follow-
ing grants were recorded :

Silvanus Brooks 1-6

Marth M c Levenny 1-0

Eliz Murch 11 1-0

George M c Farland 1-0

Jen* M c Elchiner 1-0

Will. Bouie 1-6

Jas. Gilmor 8

Hugh Millar 1-0

Isab. Porter 1-6

Alice Higins 8

Hellen Gilmor 1-0

126 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

The records which cover the period of Mr. Mc-
Gregor's ministry throw many side lights on social
life. Complaint was made that Captain Hngh Blair,
who moved into town in 1703-4, did not present a
certificate of his membership elsewhere. He came
to occupy, perhaps, the famons Aghadowey or
Blair's House which stood near the church. Dr.
Hugh S. Morrison, in a letter dated December 25,
1909, speaks of a visit to this house the day before,
of its modern stone finish with bow windows, and its
walls in parts six feet thick, showing marks of port
holes which have been filled up. In the garret are
two large chests or ' l arks, ' ' lined with tin, and bound
with primitive wrought iron bands and hinges. Here
meal was stored, perhaps for the defenders of Derry.

Lapses from the standards imposed by social life
are the source of many entries in the records. In
1702-3 Mary Clark was ordered to appear publicly
before the Congregation to confess her too free con-
duct with James Cochran, a soldier in the year 1689.

At the twenty-fourth session, in 1704, the old
adage "the better the day the better the deed"
seems to have been disregarded: "It haveing been
evident to this session that John Boyd did Joyn in
company wt David Lawson to bring away Mr Wil-
liam Hustown's daughter unknown to her parrents
upon the sabath day in order to be Maryed to the
said Lawson & being very Active in this Affair upon
the sabath day, this being a general offence to this

AGHADOWEY'S SESSION BOOK 127

session and to all good people, this session apoints
Hugh Hendry to cite John Boyd to our next session,
the foresd Lawson not receeding in this congrega-
tion we cannot cite him."

During the spring of the year 1715 Hugh Mont-
gomery, the same Hugh who came to New England,
was paying his court to Miss Jane Cargill, whose sis-
ters, Mrs. McGregor of Aghadowey, Mrs. Gregg of
Macosquin, and Mrs. McKeen of Ballymoney (as-
suming that they all were married at this time)
formed an influential family circle. Perhaps Hugh
found some difficulty in getting within this circle. At
any rate, he and Miss Jane got beyond the circle's
outer bound and found themselves in far off Bally-
mena. There they were married on the 22d of May,
not by a minister but by the faith's arch enemy
Eobert Donald, "curate of Bellymenoch. ,, All of
which is sworn to by John Freeland and William
Hodge, as if Mr. Donald's certificate was not evi-
dence enough. The records state that Hugh "ac-
knowledgth the disorder of his marriage & profess-
eth his sorrow for it," glad we may be sure that this
confession was permitted to be made before the Ses-
sion instead of to the Congregation.

Others mentioned the same year were Thomas
Turner and Marion Hunter, and also Hugh Tor-
rence.

Mr. McGregor's last appearance at a Session was
on April 11, 1718. The next meeting was held April

128

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Residence of Db. Hugh S. Morrison at Aghadowey, Ireland

29, 1719, when the business referred altogether to
settlement of the accounts of the Congregation,
showing a balance of Is. Od. remaining in David
Millar's hands. "This is in his hand when all the
Accounts are settled since our Minist. Left us
as wittnes

Mat Clerk.' '

The village street in Aghadowey is now called
Ardreagh. Near it there is a tall chimney of a
bleaching green. The thatched cottages along the
road were built between 1690 and 1700, yet they are

AGHADOWEY'S SESSION BOOK 129

tidy and comfortable, and are still occupied by the
heirs of the Scotch Irish who did not cross the At-
lantic. There are in Aghadowey several country
mansions, including the residence of Dr. Hugh S.

Lizard Manor, Aghadowey

Home of Charles E. S. Stronge, Esq., J. P., D. L.

(From a photograph by Miss Stronge)

Morrison, near Two Bridges, and the seat of Charles
E. S. Stronge, Esq., known as Lizard Manor, once
the Manor House of the Worshipful Company of
Ironmongers, of London.

VIII

THE AEEIVAL OF "FIVE SHIPS' ' IN
AUGUST, 1718

It would not be difficult to picture to ourselves the
excitement produced by the preparations of those
who contemplated removing to America. Families
were closely allied in Ulster, and the affairs of each
one interested a wide circle. The itinerant weaver
brought from Dublin tales of the New World, more
or less accurate accounts of the life across the At-
lantic, derived from ship captains, or even from
American students at the University there. The
frequent assignment of ministers for temporary
service in other parishes than their own was a means
of carrying the news. A few years after Boyd set
forth Archbishop Boulter said that the desire for
emigration had gone through Ulster like a fever;
and we may well believe that letters from Cotton
Mather, William Homes and Thomas Craighead had
great influence.

There was much to be done by a family before
removal. A supply of food, clothing and bedding
was necessary; and the house-hold goods had to be
packed for the long voyage. The land, the farm ani-
mals and the heavier tools must be sold. These were

ARRIVAL OF FIVE SHIPS 181

busy days, and the partings must have been hard
for all, nnless friends hoped to follow soon. In leav-
ing their Churches the emigrants did not fail to pro-
cure testimonials of good standing to be used in
forming fresh religious ties in New England. We
find mention of these testimonials at Rutland, at
Needham, Middleboro and elsewhere, but rarely the
actual text. That brought over by William Cald-
well, one of the defenders of Londonderry, was lost
only a few years ago. It was written on parchment
the size of a half sheet of note paper i 1

"The bearer, William Caldwell, his wife Sarah
Morrison, with his children, being designed to go to
New England in America — These are therefore to
testifie they leave us without scandal, lived with us
soberly and inoffensively, and may be admitted to
Church priviledges. Given at Dunboe Aprile 9, 1718,
by Jas. Woodside, Jr. Minister." 2

Parker, in his History of Londonderry, says that
the pioneers ' ' embarked in five ships for Boston, and
arrived there August 4, 1718.' ' This statement has
been repeated wherever the Scotch Irish have been
mentioned, but with no added information since
Parker 's day. In one place only can the names of
the ships be found, and it is not a little strange that
no student of the subject up to this time has had the

1 Mr. Edmund M. Barton obtained these facts from Mrs. Charles
E. Stevens, daughter of Seth Caldwell of Barre.

2 Barre Anniversary, 1874, p. 205. The "Jr." is omitted here-
after.

132 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

curiosity to bring these names to light. They are to
many thousands of people as important as the May-
flower and the Speedwell are to those of pilgrim
descent. Only one newspaper was being issued in
North America in 1718, and of the files for July,
August and September but one copy of each issue is
known to exist. At the rooms of the Massachusetts
Historical Society I examined these papers, and here
print every known detail regarding arrivals from
Ireland at the port of Boston for these three months.

It is our phenomenal good fortune that at this
precise moment a gentleman in Boston was watch-
ing each ship as it discharged its passengers, and
was writing his impressions to Governor Winthrop
of Connecticut. The Scotch Irish had no "William
Bradford nor John Winthrop to chronicle their
transplanting, but the Boston News-Letter and
Thomas Lechmere's letters give us a not unworthy
picture of the arrival nearly two centuries ago. To
these sources let us add the diary of Cotton Mather,
the patron of the "poor Scotch.' '

The News-Letter for July 21-28 mentions the
arrival from Ireland of the ship "William and
Mary," James Montgomery, master; the issue for
August 25-September 1 states that she had cleared
for Dublin.

The "William and Mary" brought over the Rev.
William Boyd of Macosquin, the leader of the move-

ABEIVAL OF FIVE SHIPS 133

ment ; and Cotton Mather writes July 25th : " A min-
ister arrived from Ireland, w th Instructions to en-
quire after ye circumstances of this countrey 1 in
order to ye coming of many more, gives me an oppor-
tunity for many services.' '

The next day Mather says :

"The many Families arriving from Ireland, will
afford me many opportunities, for kindness to ye
Indigent." Mather here uses "arriving" to mean
"about to arrive,' ' having found through conversa-
tion with Mr. Boyd that many settlers were on their
way from Ireland.

The first of the Scotch-Irish emigrant ships is re-
ferred to in the News-Letter of July 28-August 4
as from Londonderry, John Wilson, master, but the
ship's name is not given. She probably came in on
the 28th, for Lechmere, having been instructed by
his brother-in-law Winthrop to find a suitable miller
among incoming passengers, wrote on the 28th at
"Eleven of ye Clock at night": "Shipps are come-
ing in hourly, but no news ; Irish f amilys enough ;
above 200 souls are come in allready, & many now
hourly expected ; so that I wish you were here ; they
are none to be sold, have all paid their passages
sterl s in Ireland; they come upon some encourage-
ment to settle upon some unimproved Lands, upon
what other Towns I know not. "...

1 This seems to disprove the theory referred to by Professor
Perry that Boyd "stayed the summer in Boston."

134 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

Tlie next issue of the News-Letter seems to refer
to this arrival in the following advertisement : ' ' Sun-
dry Boys times for Years by Indentures, young
Women and Girls by the Year, portable Linnen,
Woolen and Beef to be disposed of by Mr. William
Wilson at his Warehouse in Merchants Row, Bos-
ton."

It may seem difficult to harmonize the varying
views of Mather and Lechmere as to the standing of
these emigrants, but Lechmere was interested in the
better class, men with trades who had left remuner-
ative occupations to come to New England, and
they of course paid their passage-money before their
arrival here. In the same ships came kinsmen who
had no property and could cross the ocean only by
agreeing to work out their passage-money. The
passengers of this kind probably became the Worces-
ter Colony. And with them were a few ignorant
adventurers who came over as indentured servants
to try their fortunes ; in these Mather as a minister
felt a kindly interest. But there is evidence that in
several of the ships of July and August there were
many prosperous, religious families from the coun-
ties of Londonderry and Antrim, influenced to mi-
grate by Boyd, McGregor, McKeen, Gregg and other
leaders.

The second emigrant ship reached Boston on the
4th of August, the traditional date of arrival among
the descendants of the settlers of the New Hamp-

AERIVAL OF FIVE SHIPS 135

shire Londonderry. The vessel is referred to in the
News-Letter of August 4-11 as the brigantine " Rob-
ert,' ' James Ferguson, master, "from Glasgow and
Belfast in Ireland. ' ' The same day Lechmere, writ-
ing to Winthrop for himself and his wife Ann, says :
"I have this day according [to] yo r directions made
Enquiry after a miller, & a Vessel comeing in this
day from Scottland, I find there is a young fellow of
about 24 years of age. . . . This day are likewise
Severall Vessells come in from all Parts, but no
News ; I am of Opinion all the north of Irland will
be over here in a little time, here being another Ves-
sell y* is a Third, with Irish familys come in, & 5
more, as they say, expected, & if their report be true,
as I this day heard, if the Encouragem" given to
these be liked at Irland ; 20 ministers with their con-
gregations in generall will come over in Spring; I
wish their comeing so over do not prove f atall in the
End." Lechmere 's letter settles the point that the
ship which arrived about the 25th with Mr. Boyd did
not bring Scotch emigrants. We have then:

July 28th! , John Wilson, from London-
derry.

August 4th. Robert, James Ferguson, from Glas-
gow and Belfast.

August 4th. William, Archibald Hunter, from
Coleraine.

The third Scotch Irish emigrant ship, the "Wil-
liam, ' ' set sail from Coleraine, the heart of the dis-

136 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

trict from which most of the early settlers came.
The News-Letter of August 4r-ll mentions the ship
" William,' ' Archibald Hunter, from Coleraine; she
cleared for Ireland the last week in August. Lech-
mere refers to her as the third ship with Irish fam-
ilies that had arrived, and states that she and the
" Robert" entered on the same day.

Cotton Mather's dream of a great migration from
Protestant Ireland was coming true. On the 7th of
August he writes : "But what shall be done for the
great Numbers of people, that are transporting
themselves thither from ye North of Ireland : — Much
may be done for ye Kingdom of God in these parts
of ye world, by this Transportation. " A month
later, September 13th, he says: "Among ye Fam-
ilies arrived from Ireland, I find many & wondrous
objects for my compassions. Among other meth-
ods of helping ym, I would enclose a sum of money
w th a Nameless Letter, unto one of their ministers to
be distributed among ym."

Although these emigrants were viewed with dis-
trust by most New Englanders, the two chief figures
in Boston at this time, Mather and fiflirmel jj jewall,
showed their ministers marked courtesy. On the
9th of August, Sewall writes in his diary that at
seven "Mr. Macgregor and Mr. Boyd dine with me
and my Son J. S. and James Clark. Gave the Scots
Ministers each of them one of my Proposals.' '

Meanwhile Winthrop wrote from Connecticut that

The Winthkop Mill at New London

AEEIVAL OF FIVE SHIPS 139

the miller whom Lechmere had selected was too ex-
pensive and hinted that his brother-in-law had been
overreached. Lechmere was an improvident aristo-
crat, brother to Lord Lechmere, and Winthrop had
reason at this time and later on to question the judg-
ment of this husband of his sister. Lechmere replied
rather hotly, and his estimate of the Scotch Irish,
while not entirely reliable under these circumstances,
is worthy of record. The letter is dated at Boston
August 11, 1718, and reads: "As to y e Miller, the
price is really as you are informed & whoever tells
you that Servants are cheaper now then they were,
it is a very gross mistake, & give me leave to tell
you your Informer has given you a very wrong
information about y e cheapness thereof, for never
were they dearer then now, there being such demand
for them, & likewise pray tell him he is much out of
the way to think that these Irish are Servants, they
are generally men of Estates, & are come over hither
for no other reason but upon Encouragement sent
from hence upon notice given y m they should have so
many acres of Land given them gratis to settle our
frrontiers as a barrier against y e Indians ; therefore
y e notion given you hereof is absolutely groundless ;
the price of the Miller as proposed was 20£ & did
not think of selling his time under sd sum, but since
I wrote you he tells me would not stand with me for
20 or 30 £ — thinking I should pay him ready money
for him. It is now too late to think any thing farther

140 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

of him. Many inquireing after him, & lie was kept
for yo r answer, which I think is somewhat darke, but
lett that be what it will, could I advance so much
bank stock, w h is very low, I should still endeav r to
gett him, & so it being out of my power I must wholly
desist from any such thought. I know yo r necessity
is such I would willingly do anything for y r interest
was I capable. . . .

Yo r Very Affect 6 Bro & Serv*

Tho s Lechmere

I should be glad you would send my Gunn down by
some body or other. These confounded Irish will
eat us all up provisions being most extravagantly
dear & scarce of all sorts.' '

The News-Letter which notices the arrival of the
ship "William" mentions also the ship "Mary
Anne," Andrew Watt, master, from Dublin; she
cleared about a fortnight later for Great Britain. 1

It is doubtful if the "Mary Anne" brought any
Scotch Protestants from Dublin as part of the Bann
Valley company. But the emigrants on the other
ships beheld what must have been an unprecedented

x The same issue of the News-Letter has this advertisement:
"Newly Imported and to he disposed of at reasonable Rates by
Messieurs Tho Steel and Geo Bethune, at their Warehouse in
Merchants Row, Boston, sundry European Goods, viz Iron, Cord-
age, Broadcloths, Stuffs, Linnens and Madera Wines: Also
Servants bound by Indenture, some four and some for five Years
to be seen on board the 'Mary Anne' Andrew Watt Commander
now at Anchor near the end of the Long Wharff, Boston."

AEEIVAL OF FIVE SHIPS 141

sight in Boston harbor, five ships from Ireland lying
at anchor at the same time, the " William and
Mary," the ship of the unknown name, the "Rob-
ert," the ' 'William' ' and the "Mary Anne." This
doubtless made a deep and lasting impression upon
minds alert to every new sight and thought as the
emigrants were borne slowly up the beautiful bay.

A month later a second ship from Dublin, the
"Dolphin," John Mackay, master, came in. The
News-Letter which notices her arrival has this to say
of her cargo :

"Just arrived the Pink 'Dolphin' John Mackay,
Master, with Servants, Boys, Tradesmen, Husband-
men, and Maids, to be disposed of by Mr John
Walker, at his Warehouse at the lower end of Wood-
mansy WharfT in Merchants Row, or at Mr Benja-
min Walker's House over against the Town House,
Boston."

There were few if any Scotch Irish on the "Dol-
phin," but on the first of September a fourth emi-
grant ship arrived, the "Maccallum," James Law,
master, from Londonderry. Lechmere states that
she brought "20 odd familys," and among the pas-
sengers was probably a Scotch schoolmaster to
whom Mather refers September 6th as here from
Ireland and wanting employment. From Lech-
mere's letter it may be questioned whether the com-
pany on the "Maccallum" was closely allied with
those on the ships from Belfast and Coleraine. He

142 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

writes: "This day a Ship arrived from Irland w th
20 odd f amilys ; they were first bound for N London
bnt haveing a long Passage the M rs perswaded y m to
putt in here, so the poor Creatures are left in y e
Lurch. ' ' From the statement that their destination
was not that of the other emigrants although they
must have embarked at about the same time, it would
seem that they had other plans in view, and had not
come under the immediate influence of Boyd and
McGregor. This company probably came with the
Eev. James Woodside of Garvagh, in the Bann Val-
ley.

The bargaining which went on for a week between
Captain Law of the "Maccallum" and Captain Rob-
ert Temple, later a famous colonizer in Maine, came
to naught. Temple could not persuade Law and
his company to continue their voyage to Connecti-
cut, and on the eighth of September the "Maccal-
lum" sailed out of Boston harbor, for the territory
owned by the Gentlemen Proprietors of Eastern
Lands, at the mouth of the Kennebec River. Law
then perhaps satisfied his desire to take on a load
of staves at or near Kittery on the Piscataqua and
returned to Boston by October 7th, when he ap-
peared in court to give surety for several of his
passengers. He cleared for Londonderry the first
week in December, 1718.

Lechmere's letter describing the affair is so good
an account of the trials of the bewildered and nearly

AEEIVAL OF FIVE SHIPS 143

helpless emigrants that I continue the quotation
begun above: . . . " Pray if any thereof should
still have any inclination to come yo r way to settle
in Connecticut, I should be glad. You would aggree
to their Settling about Tantiusques, w h in my Opin-
ion is y e best place, & M r . Temple is doeing what he
can still to perswade y e M r . to proceed for y r place,
he intends to load Bolts & Staves home for Ireland
& when I saw him among other talke I assured him
he might load cheaper w th you then at Piscataqua ;
how sd M r . Temple will worke on him I know not.
Y e method they go in w th y e Irish is they sell y m so
many Acres of Land for 12 d y e acre & allow y m time
to pay j l in. I know Land is more Valuable w th you,
& therefore I am afraid 'twill be y e more difficult to
aggree with y m . Y e only thing I can think off is y r
Quantity you allow y m must be the less, you are the
best judge so I leave it wholly to you, tho at same
time should be glad of yr Thought thereof, & assure
you y u in my opinion it would be greatly for yr
Interest.' '

Lechmere's next letter shows Temple working to
induce the company to settle at Merrymeeting Bay
at the mouth of the Androscoggin. In this he was
successful, and it is possible that the experience first
turned his mind seriously to the transportation of
Ulstermen to these Eastern lands. During the next
two years several ships came over under his man-
agement with settlers for the Kennebec. The letter
follows :

144 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

"Boston Sepf 8 th 1718.

"As to y* Irish, I have acquainted Mr. Temple with
what yon write, he seeni's not willing they should
take up w th y" proposall you mention ; y* Gent. Pro-
priety of ye Eastern Lands hearing, I was talkeing
with y m about Settling some of them have (as I hear)
made new proposalls to them wherupon they have
resolved with sd Mr Temple to visitt said Lands
whither they are bound this afternoon; what they
will conclude on I know not."

The deposition of David Dunning of Brunswick 1
in 1767 states that "on or about the year 1718 he
came first to Boston in the same vessel with Andrew
McFadden and wife (now a widow) ; soon after we
came in the same vessel down together to the east-
ern country, and I have lived in Brunswick ever
since 1718." Jane McFadden stated that they moved
down to the Kennebec Biver and up Merrymeeting
Bay to a place called Cathance (now Bowdoinham).
Here we seem to trace the company which came over
in the ' ' Maccallum ; ' ' if the inference is correct this
company left a record on Cyprian Southack's map
of 1720 as "the Irish new settlement." McFadden
came from Garvagh in the Bann Valley, and was
probably of the Rev. James Woodside's company.
We should expect all emigrants from the Bann to
be followers of the Rev. TVilliam Bovd. who had

1 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Vol. 39, p.
184.

ARRIVAL OF FIVE SHIPS 145

come out to Governor Shute as their accredited
agent, but it is possible that Boyd and Woodside
were not in sympathy, since Woodside 's company
intended to settle in New London — a town never
mentioned by Boyd or McGregor. 1

The News-Letter for September 22-29, 1718,
prints a report that a vessel had arrived at Casco
Bay from Ireland, with several passengers on board,
and a minister. This report refers no doubt to this
company which sailed out of Boston harbor on Sep-
tember 8th.

The followers of McGregor and James McKeen,
also from the Bann Valley, must have sailed later
in the season, for their ship upon arriving at Casco
Bay was frozen in. Major Samuel Gregg in his rem-
iniscences says that his grandfather James Gregg,
a bleacher of linen cloth, in the Rev. Mr. Boyd's
parish of Macosquin, near Coleraine, landed at Bos-
ton August 4th "with several other passengers that
came in other ships. The ship that they [Gregg's
immediate neighbors] came in as passengers went
down East and spent the winter at Casco which is
now called Portland.' '

This incident is so well established in the tradi-
tional history of the Londonderry Scotch-Irish —
it accords so well with the known facts — that we may
accept the statement that Gregg and his friends who

1 It is just possible that Lechmere was misinformed and that the
'Maccallum" never intended to go to New London.

146 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

went to Casco Bay sailed in the ship in which they
had crossed the ocean. These men under the imme-
diate leadership of the Eev. James McGregor came
from Coleraine and neighboring towns in the Bann
^Valley, and the next spring (1719) they founded
Nutfield, now Londonderry, New Hampshire. It
would seem to be a reasonable assumption that the
Nutfield colony, including the few who remained at
Casco Bay, had crossed the sea on the ship "Wil-
liam," which left Coleraine in April or May, or on
the brigantine "Bobert" from Belfast, a more at-
tractive port of departure, or in both ships. The
"William" is reported as "cleared" in the News-
Letter for August 25-September 1 and as "outward
bound" September 15-22. She seems to have re-
turned to Ireland.

Ferguson, captain of the "Bobert," was in town
October 7th to attend court; and this suggests that
he may have lain in the outer harbor during the time
intervening between his clearing from Boston and
his attendance at court. With him on the voyage
from Ireland came John Armstrong, his wife and
five children, who were unable to convince the au-
thorities in Boston that they were self-supporting.
Captain Ferguson was ordered before the Court of
General Sessions of the Peace to answer "for bring-
ing in his vessell and landing in this Town John
Armstrong, his wife and five children who cannot
give Security to Indemnify the Town as the Law

k.

k p. H|;'

1 > v v m

\.

AEEIVAL OF FIVE SHIPS 149

requires." Ferguson's explanation that three of
the children were servants by indenture did not en-
tirely satisfy the Court, and it was " Ordered that
the s d fferguson carry the s d Armstrong wife & two
youngest Children out of the Province or Indemnify
the Town." Finally the Captain and William Wil-
son, at whose wharf they probably landed, became
sureties in £100 each that the Armstrong family,
would not come back upon the town for support. 1 If
this is the same John Armstrong who later in the
year heads a petition from the Scotch Irish set-
tlers at Falmouth, this is very good evidence that
he, who certainly came over from Belfast in the
brigantine "Bobert," soon after went in her to
Casco Bay with the little company from the Bann
Valley. On the whole this seems probable, and it
would follow that the Eev. James McGregor and his
well-to-do connection, the Greggs, McKeens and
others who according to Major Gregg crossed the
ocean in the ship which afterward carried them to
Casco Bay, journeyed a few miles to Belfast to take
passage in the "Bobert," while the families in more
moderate condition, with the heavier freight, came
down the Bann from Coleraine in the larger ship, the
"William."

We get some impression of the appearance of
these ships from the view of Boston drawn by Wil-

1 Records Court of General Sessions of the Peace, Suffolk County,
October 7, 1718.

150

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

liam Burgis in 1722 and commonly called Price's
View. Lying off Boston are many forms of craft,
some at anchor and others bending to a good breeze.
In the foreground are two stately vessels, one like
the " William,' ' a ship with full body, a blunt bow
and high stern, three masts and a wealth of rigging ;

A Brigantine of 1718

another like the * ' Robert, ' ' with more rounding bow
and stern, a foremast square rigged like those of the
ship, but with the main mast fore-and-aft rigged like
a sloop. The "Robert" we think of as a herma-
phrodite brig, but the English sailor of old would
have called her a brigantine, as she was classed by
the News-Letter.
It requires some effort to realize that a great part

ARRIVAL OF FIVE SHIPS 151

of our population owes its place on this side the
Atlantic to the slow, clumsy but rather impressive
ships of the types to be seen in the drawing by Bur-
gis. Nor do we easily comprehend the weariness of
the voyage or even its hazard. The Pirate and the
God of Storms shared an annual harvest of lives
and fortunes. Let us take two incidents in a single
year. The ship "Friends Goodwill" left Larne on
the coast of Antrim about the first of May in the
year 1717. Meeting constant head winds the ship
made very poor progress, and food ran so low that
the fifty-two persons on board came to want. Cap-
tain Gooding or Goodwin fortunately fell in with
another vessel and obtained provisions. Continual
bad weather brought further delay, and hunger
again threatened. Short allowance of water, bread,
and meat brought only a temporary reprieve from
starvation, and the crew soon were set to catching
dolphins and sharks which a "good Providence"
placed in their path. Eains came and the water was
gathered from the decks to quench the thirst. When
May, June and July, months of constant anxiety, had
passed August brought so great a storm that the
ship lay like a thing deserted, her decks awash, her
sailors weak and exhausted. With September the
sun shone, but their hunger increased, and in des-
peration they began to speak of drawing lots to de-
cide whom should be eaten first. The Captain how-
ever now held out hope of land and about the sec-

152 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

ond week of September the "Friends Goodwill"
crept up Boston harbor with only one of her com-
pany dead. 1

A pirate conld hardly do greater damage. Cap-
tain Codd who came into Philadelphia from Dublin
in October with one hundred and fifty passengers,
many of them servants, reported having been taken
off the Capes by Teach of "the Pirate sloop Revenge
of 12 Guns and 150 men. ' ' Teach took two snows ;
from one he threw overboard a great load of staves
and crowded her with the passengers and crews of
subsequent captures ; from the other he cast a load
of grain and turned her into a pirate ship. Out of a
sloop bound from Madeira Teach took twenty-seven
pipes of wine, cut down her masts, and left her to
drift. From another he took two casks and sank her.
Other captures were made before Codd was per-
mitted to complete his voyage. During this enforced
delay the victims saw much of Captain Bennet who
had relinquished the command of the " Revenge' ' to
Teach on account of his slow recovery from wounds
received in a recent fight with a Spanish Man of
War. Bennet took a walk in his "morning gown"
after each day's breakfast, and then devoted his
time to study, surrounded by his books, of which he
had a good library on board. The pirate, with his

1 News-Letter, September 9-16, 1717; November 25-December 2.
The New England Weekly Journal, November 10, 1729, describes
another voyage of even greater hardships.

AEEIVAL OF FIVE SHIPS 153

guns and his books, was more than the average mer-
chantman could hope to resist. He added terror to
the long voyage of the emigrant from Ireland. 1

1 News-Letter, November 4-11, 1717.^ The researches made by
Mr. Edwin M. Bacon and Mr. John H. Edmonds have very gen-
erously been placed at my disposal in preparing this chapter.

IX

THE WINTER OF 1718-19 IN BOSTON

In July and August, 1718, from five to seven hun-
dred Protestant immigrants from Ireland entered
the port of Boston. Several followers of the Rev.
Mr. McGregor set out early in the autumn for And-
over where they spent the winter. Others as we
have seen went to Casco Bay and the Kennebec
River.

Family ties no doubt drew some into the neighbor-
ing towns, although all trace of these influences have
been lost.

Among the early emigrants who came probably
from the north of Ireland many were scattered
through towns not known thereafter as distinctly
Scotch Irish settlements. Where we find one family
others are almost certainly to be found, disguised it
may be by an English name. The following names
are given as an indication of the wide distribution of
the emigrants. Some families are merely known
to be Scotch, others are Presbyterians who brought
their babies to the Rev. Mr. Moorhead in Boston for
baptism, while in still other instances the home town
in Ireland has been or can be found by reference to

THE SCOTCH IRISH IN BOSTON 155

the local church records. 1 James Long was in
Charlestown, John Tom in Cambridge, Thomas
Karr or Carr, John Pike, James Lindsay, James
Taggart and John Brownlie in Roxbury, Robert
Burns and James Aull in Medford, James Moor in
Chelsea, Jeremiah Smith and John Longhead in
Milton, Archibald Thompson and Thomas Henry in
Bridgewater, and John Kennedy, with Abraham
Hunter, at Braintree. At Concord lived Samuel
Henderson; Robert Wilson was at Maiden, Alex-
ander Smith at Billerica, Thomas Little, Charles
Richards, John Moor and James Gordon at Shirley,
Daniel Ritter and Thomas Harkness at Lunenburg,
Thomas Bogle at Sudbury, John McClure at Woburn
and James Wilson at Lexington. Dugall McCombs
was at Western, John McAllister at Westboro, Da-
vid McClure at Brookfield, Andrew McElwain at
Bolton, James Cargill at Mendon, Walter Beath at
Lunenburg and at Boothbay in Maine, William Le-
man at Wiscasset, and Mrs. James at Annapolis.
John Nichols lived at Freetown, John Wood and
James Henry at Providence, and Archibald Mac-
Kaye at Pomfret in Connecticut.

With James Glasford at Leicester was Matthew
Watson who came from Coleraine in Ireland. James
Smith of Needham brought a letter from the church

X I am indebted to my sons Stanwood and Geoffrey for many
references to Scotch Irish in country towns.

156 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

in Ballykelly. At Middleboro 1 was William Stro-
bridge or Strawbridge, from Donagh (also called
Cardonagh), Donegal, where the Eev. Thomas
Strawbridge was minister from 1721 to 1762. At
Lancaster there was a group of immigrants, Eobert
and Elizabeth Bratten from the chnrch at Termont
(or Clougherny), Tyrone, Eobert Waite from Agha-
dowey, Jane Macmnllin from Dawsonbridge (Castle-
dawson), William and Ellinor White from Dun-
boe, Margaret Stuart from Bovedy, all in Connty
Derry, as well as Alexander Scott and his wife
"from Ireland.' ' At Dracut was Thomas Holmes
from Coleraine, with a brother John at Boston.

On the other hand an occasional voyager drifted
back to Boston, perhaps forced from town to town
lest he become a charge npon the rates. Thomas
Crook came in the "Three Anns and Mary," Cap-
tain Eichards, master, to Casco Bay, and from there
was carried in a fishing sloop to Salem "where he,
being sick, was turned out of Doors from House to
House, till at length he got so far as Lyn, being then
in a perishing condition & could proceed no further
by reason of his Legs being dropsical, that at Lyn
he was put under the Care & Direction of Dr. Brom-
stead. ,,2

1 In Middleboro there may have heen several Scotch Irish set-
tlers: James Nealson, John McCully, William McFall, Thomas
Pickens, John Montgomery, and an earlier Scotch or Scotch Irish-
man Alexander Canedy. (Weston's Middleboro, p. 434.)

3 Massachusetts Resolves, 1719-20, Chapter 21.

THE SCOTCH IEISH IN BOSTON 157

The authorities in Boston conld not very well
warn from town so great a company as that which
arrived in 1718, although they shared Mr. Surveyor-
General Lechmere's anxiety lest the "confounded
Irish" eat them out of house and home. The select-
men met August 13th and impowered Mr. John
Marion to appear before the Court of General Ses-
sions of the Peace for the county of Suffolk "to move
what he Shall think proper in order to Secure this
Town from Charges w ch may hapen to accrue or be
imposed on them by reason of the Passengers Lately
arived here from Ireland or elsewhere. ' n During
the winter many were warned to leave Boston,
Thomas Walker, John Eogers, James Blare or
Blair, with Elizabeth and Eachel, who had come over
from Ireland in August; 2 Anne Hanson who came
down from Casco Bay, and Mehitable Lewis, from
Piscataqua; Eobert Holmes and wife, William
Holmes and child, also from Casco Bay ; and Alex-
ander McGregory, lately from Ireland with his fam-
ily ; they were all asked to leave or find sureties.

The selectmen could not hope to save the town
from charges for the support of those who had
brought with them their modest savings, if the price
of grain continued to rise.

Before the Scotch Irish arrived the town had au-
thorized the selectmen to expend for grain from time

1 Selectmen's Records, Record Commission Reports, Vol. 13, p. 41.

2 Suffolk Court Files, No. 12620.

158 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

to time as much as they thought best out of the sum
of £1500 received from the sale of lands at Blue Hill.
In October the following vote was passed by the
selectmen to keep down the price of Indian corn:
" Voted: that in case any considerable quantity of
Indian Corn be imported into this Town before the
Shutting in of y e ensuing winter & exposed to Sale,
In order to check an Exorbitant demand of y 6 Sellers
thereof : —

"Any four of the Sel. men agreeing may open the
Townes Granary and order the Sale of corn at four
Shillings & Six pence p. bushel. ' '

On the 18th of December it was voted that "the
Granaryes be opened for the Sale of Indian Corn
on Fryday & Saterday next, viz* the South granary
on Fryday, and the North Granary on Satterday,
and on the next week following on Tuesday at the
South and on Fryday at the North, and Mr. Galpine
is directed to Sell out to the Inhabit 48 of this Town
not exceeding one bushel to each buyer, at five Shil-
lings p bushel, and he is directed to put up before
hand one bushel in each of y e Townes Baggs, and
first receive each p'sons money and then Shift the
Corn into their respective baggs, the hours ap-
pointed to attend the Same is from nine to twelve in
the fore noon and from two to four in the after
noon & he is to Imploy y e Cryer to cry at that price
each buyer to bring good bill ready changed & to
cry thr° the Town on thursday."

THE SCOTCH IRISH IN BOSTON 159

The need of wheat still pressing, the selectmen on
December 19th agreed with the Hon. Jonathan
Belcher for ten thousand pounds at forty shillings
per hundred. The matter had become of so much
importance that the Governor and Council advised
the town to purchase grain in Connecticut if neces-
sary in order to avoid distress. In January eight
thousand pounds had been purchased. At the March
town meeting, 1719, the inhabitants decided to lay
out the entire sum of £1500 in grain to carry them
through the spring months, and a committee of seven
was appointed "to consult together for the Releife
of This Town under their present distresses. ,,

Through the kindness of Mr. Charles P. Green-
ough I have had access to the account kept by David
Stoddard of his purchases in Boston during the
years 1717, 1718 and 1719. Mr. Stoddard paid six
shillings per bushel for wheat in the spring of 1717,
and three shillings for Indian corn. In the spring
of 1719, with the Scotch Irish in Boston, wheat had
nearly doubled in price, selling for ten shillings per
bushel, while corn which had brought three now
brought five shillings. A study of the prices of small
fruits and vegetables shows no material change due
to the presence of the Scotch Irish.

PRICES.
Before Arrival. After Arrival.

0-0-9 (May 31, 1718) 1 qt. gooseberries 0-0- 9 (May 31, 1719)

0-0-3 (June 25, 1718) 1 qt. currants 0-0- 3 (June 20, 1719)

0-1-0 (July 1, 1718) 1 qt. beans 0-0- 9 (June 27, 1719)

0-0-3 (June 28, 1718) 1 qt. cherries 0-0- 3 (July 13, 1719)

160 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

The prices after the arrival of the emigrants in
the snmmer of 1718, and again twelve months later
when presumably many had left Boston, were:

PRICES.

Summer of 1718. Summer of 1719.

0-1-0 (Aug. 19, 1718) 1 cabbage 0-0-10 (Aug. 13, 1719)

0-0-2 (Aug. 27, 1718) 1 qt. Damsons [plums] 0-0- 3 (Aug. 31, 1719)
0-0-6 (Sept. 19, 1718) 1 cabbage 0-0- 4 (Sept. 14, 1719)

0-4-6 (Nov. 4, 1718) 1 bu. carrots 0-5- (Nov. 16, 1719)

There were many taverns in Boston at this time,
about half of them managed under the names of
women. These became the resort of numbers of
idle immigrants, and the members of the Council,
Justices, selectmen, and overseers of the poor agreed
among themselves in August that for the next eight
weeks they would walk the streets by turns at night
to suppress disorders, and by their presence show
that the land of promise was not to be a land of
license.

The winter of 1717-18 in Ireland had been very
trying; small-pox, fevers and other afflictions pre-
vailed there and especially in Ulster. We should
expect to find further evidence of these conditions
in the health of the passengers that left the ports of
Ireland in the spring of 1718. As early as the year
1714 the ship " Elizabeth and Kathrin" from Ire-
land had landed sick persons on Spectacle Island 1
by order of the Government ; and again in 1716 the

Province Laws, 1714, Chapter 45.

«V 1 T*w*J»~~
16M I A,
./«-/ 3 Strut*. CrnmmmrS

v«sr 5«muw.aiW

-/<«.? 6 JKi&ap Jefcv*

.1770 7 -

1W 8

777S 9

7710

7a

Captain John Bonner's Map or Boston

THE SCOTCH IRISH IN BOSTON 163

island was used for the same purpose. In 1717 a
pest house was built, but before its completion some
eighty persons from Ireland were put ashore. In
the year 1718 " seven several companies' ' were left
on Spectacle Island before June 17th, 1 a fact which
seems puzzling, since arrivals from abroad between
January 1st and June 17th of that year were few;
but the contemporary record is clear and beyond
controversy. Some of these infected companies
must have come from other American ports. A
large ship-load from Ireland was detained in No-
vember, 1719. 2 The inference from these facts seems
to be that if any of the immigrants of July and Au-
gust, 1718, were detained with contagious diseases
they were inconsiderable in number and thus found
no place in the records.

These were busy days in Boston. The batteries
were repaired and the defences across the Neck were
finished. Streets were being paved, projects were on
foot for bringing in coal by sea, the weight and price
of loaves of bread were fixed, schoolmasters were
employed, and provision was made for the reading
of God's word, catechising, and the encouragement
of good spelling.

In so large a place it is not easy to discover the
names of those who arrived from Ireland in 1718
and 1719, and settled down to remain there. It is

Province Laws, 1718-19, Chapter 19.
2 Hid, 1719-20, Chapter 68.

164 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

said that the Rev. John Moorhead, who was born
near Belfast, and came to Boston in 1727, was in-
duced to remain in town by the kindly welcome ex-
tended to him from resident families that he had
known some years before. 1

We mnst remember, however, that Mr. Moorhead
did not arrive until the migration from Ireland had
been growing for several years. The records of
marriages performed in Boston after July, 1718,
show Scotch Irish names, as the following examples
indicate : —

William Blair and Mary Phillips, Oct. 29, 1718.

Cornelius Campbell and Eliza Short, September
17, 1718.

James Duncan and Eliza. Bason, December 16,
1718.

It will be found that the Campbells, Duncans,
Blacks, Bethunes and others came before 1718, and
most of them from Scotland. The following births,
however, may suggest the Scotch-Irish immigration :

Lydia, daughter of William Mackinley and Lydia,
born 12 March, 1718-19.

Lydia, daughter of William Forbish and Sarah,
born 12 March, 1718-19.

William, son of William Doke and Lydia, born 29
April, 1719.

But a careful study of Boston birth and marriage
records for 1718 and 1719 would seem to indicate

1 A. Blaikie's Presbyterian Church in New England, p. 62.

THE SCOTCH IRISH IN BOSTON 165

that the immigrants of these years went, very gener-
ally into the country. The Boston Scotch Irish
came later.

We know little of the feeling towards these Scotch
emigrants from Ireland shown by Boston people,
although elsewhere they were disliked. An impor- v^
tant incident of the next winter throws some light
upon the subject, and for that reason it will be men-
tioned here. Benjamin Gray, a bookseller and pub-
lisher, offered for sale books on religion, and from
time to time published works by Scotch presbyte-
rians. Naturally then the Eev. William Boyd be- __— -
came a frequent visitor to Gray's shop. Boyd, as a
leader of men, as an able preacher, and as a writer,
was for a few months a prominent figure in Boston.
At this period he was living in Charlestown at Cap-
tain John Long's hotel, or "the great tavern," as it
was called.

It happened that Mr. Boyd was in the shop on
February 7, 1718-19, a Saturday, talking with
friends when Edward Ellis, son of Eobert Ellis, a
surgeon, entered. Ellis soon became abusive, and
singling out the Bev. Mr. Boyd he said that the
Scotch Irish clergyman was an immoral man, and
as evidence asserted that Boyd had had improper
relations with a maid-servant in Captain Long's
employ. Ellis was at once arrested and his case
came before the Court of General Sessions of the
Peace for Suffolk County on April 7th. He was con-

166 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

victed, sentenced to pay twenty pounds, seven shil-
lings, and to find sureties to be bound in twenty five
pounds each that he would be of good behavior for
six months, and he was ordered also to pay all the
costs of the prosecution. The prominence of Ellis
is made clear by the fact that the men who came to
his assistance as sureties were both well known, Rob-
ert Auchmuty, Esquire, and Thomas Phillips, Inn-
holder. Ellis was discharged November 10, 1719.

Over against this incident we may place the fol-
lowing sentence from the Rev. Increase Mather's
Preface to Boyd's farewell sermon which was deliv-
ered March 19, 1719 : ' * Since his being in New Eng-
land (as well as before that) by the Exemplary holi-
ness of his Conversation, and the Eminency of his
Ministerial Gifts, he has obtained good Report
amongst all Good Men."

At the close of the sermon, mentioned above, the
Governor invited Mr. Boyd to dine, the company in-
cluding the Rev. Cotton Mather, the Rev. James
Woodside who had ordained Mr. Boyd in Ireland,
Samuel Sewall, and a Mr. Stanton.

The Rev. John Moorhead, son of a respected
farmer at Newton, near Belfast, county Down, was
born there in 1703. He studied at the University
of Edinburgh, and, upon his return to Newton, ac-
counts that he heard of New England led him to emi-
grate to Boston. He arrived in 1727 and soon after
undertook services, the people whom he gathered

The Rev. John Moobhead,

'Minister of a Church of Presbyterian Strangers in Boston'

(Drawn by John Huybers)

THE SCOTCH IRISH IN BOSTON 169

about him calling themselves the " Church of Pres-
byterian strangers." He was ordained as their
pastor March 30, 1730. Among these people was
John Little, a prosperous gardener, who exhibited
much interest. He had a house on Milk Street, and
in May, 1729, purchased land for a garden at the cor-
ner of Long Lane and Bury Street. In Mr. Little 's
barn which stood on this land services were held for
several years, the congregation making additions to
the barn and alterations from time to time. Elders
were first elected July 14, 1730, and John Young,
Robert Patton, Samuel McClure, 1 Richard McClure
and Thomas McMullen were chosen to fill this office.
They watched over those who had been baptized,
cared for the sick and needy, and reproved the err-
ing. Mr. Moorhead visited each family, whether in
town or country, once or twice a year to talk with
the parents and catechise children and servants. At
the close of each visit he knelt in prayer with the
family.

In June, 1735, Mr. Little conveyed the barn or
meeting house and land on the north east corner of
Long Lane to a Committee appointed by the Congre-
gation to hold the property in trust. The members
of this Committee were George Glen, a tailor, who
had come from South Carolina in 1719, William

1 Grandfather of the Rev. David McClure, D. D., whose Diary
has been published. David's son and grandson held the same
offices.

170 SCOTCH IKISH PIONEEKS

Hall a leather-dresser, William Shaw a tailor, and
Andrew Knox a mariner, all of Boston. 1 Other
members of the clmrch interested in the negotiations
which preceded the transfer were Edward Allen,
tailor, George Sutherland, shopkeeper, Daniel Mac-
Neal, laborer, Samuel Miller, gunsmith, and Abra-
ham All or Aul, tailor. In 1744 a large and dig-
nified building was erected, and in 1788 by a
change of street name the place of worship became
the Federal Street church. Mr. Moorhead married
June 22, 1730, Sarah Parsons, an English lady of
refinement and some artistic talent; they had sev-
eral children, Alexander, Parsons, Mary, John, Wil-
liam, and Agnes or Ann Agnes. At least one of
these, Agnes, who married Alexander Willson of
Boston, left issue. 2

His health began to fail a few years before his
death; on the last Sunday in November, 1773, he
preached twice, but upon returning home he became
very ill and died on Thursday, December 2d. 3 The
Eev. David McGregor of Londonderry preached the
funeral sermon, which was printed in 1774. Moor-
head was a tall man, and rather corpulent. His
character is described in a notice printed soon after
his death:

1 Suffolk Deeds, Vol. 51, p. 14.

2 Mary Moorhead, perhaps a relative, married in Boston, April
3, 1732, Andrew Menford.

3 Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Weekly News-Letter, No.
3662, December 9, 1773.

THE SCOTCH IRISH IN BOSTON 171

"Very few men have left behind them a fairer or
better character, — charitable and liberal to the poor,
with a hearty disposition to render them every serv-
ice in his power, — industrious and faithful in the
dispensation of the word, and a most earnest desire
for the good of souls which was the actuating and
ruling principle of his life. His mind was deeply
impressed with the importance of the truth of the
atonement of Jesus Christ as the only well grounded
hope of salvation and happiness in a future state;
this made him anxiously desirous to communicate
that impression to others. With this view his labors
were incessant. In all his discourses from the sacred
desk he held up this grand truth as the only principle
upon which depended the very existence of Chris-
tianity; also frequently visiting the families of his
flock, and endeavoring to inspire them to practice
as well as believe the Gospel. His honesty of heart,
open and frank manner of address, rendered him at
all times an able and faithful adviser.' n

The administrators of Mr. Moorhead's estate,
William McNeil and the unmarried daughter Mary
Moorhead, reported £ 223 - 3 - 11 to be divided be-
tween the son Alexander and the daughters Mary
Moorhead and Agnes or Ann Agnes Willson. 2

John Little, the early benefactor of the Scotch

1 Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Weekly News-Letter, Decem-
ber 9, 1773.

2 Suffolk Wills, Vol. 74, p. 356.

172 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Irish in Boston, was a son of Archibald Little with
whom he came to Boston. John Little at his death
in 1741 left two minor sons John and Moses, a
daughter Mary having died in infancy. His will pro-
vided for his family, but in case the sons were to die
before marriage and before reaching the age of
twenty one, he instructed his executors Henry Der-
ing and Andrew Cunningham to transfer his prop-
erty to the Overseers of the Poor to be invested by
them as a trust. The annual income was to be used
for the employment of a schoolmaster to teach read-
ing, writing and arithmetic to the "poor Protestant
children whose Parents are of the Kingdom of Ire-
land and Inhabitants of Boston." Their books and
materials, with psalter, testament and Bible, were to
be furnished free. Children between the ages of
seven and fourteen were eligible. 1 Had his sons
died in childhood Mr. Little's charity would have
aided the Scotch Irish to this day and his name
would have been known in our annals.

Among those who came to Boston in or about 1727
Peter Pelham, schoolmaster, painter and engraver,
became the most eminent. He had close and kindly
association with the Scotch Irish, and in 1751 he
engraved a portrait of the Rev. Mr. Moorhead, one
of the earliest of those of the Boston clergy made by
him. John Little owed many favors to the Pelhams,
and in 1741 he remembered Peter's son Charles in

Suffolk Wills, Vol. 35, p. 476.

THE SCOTCH IRISH IN BOSTON 173

his will "as a token of my love for the Friendship
receiv'd from his Father and Family. ,,

William Shaw, a Boston tailor and a member of
the committee to which John Little deeded the Pres-
byterian meeting house in 1735, died soon after, leav-
ing a very interesting will. His bequest of land in
Kingsfield to a sister Jane, wife of "William Mc-
Clenenghen" of Kingsfield, suggests that Shaw was
closely allied with these settlers, many of whom came
from the Rutland company. The Shaws of Kings-
field, an early name for Palmer, Massachusetts, were
Joshua, David, Samuel and Seth. The last three
were deacons and men of influence. If Deacon Sam-
uel is the "brother Samuel' ' Shaw of our William's
will we have a numerous progeny for William's
father Samuel Shaw of Boston. Captain John Mc-
Clanathan married Martha Shaw, perhaps a sister
of Jane mentioned above, who married William
McClanathan. It is evident that William Shaw of
Mr. Moorhead's church was closely allied with
Palmer; he was a "petitioner" there in 1732 and
owner of a fifty acre home lot. Tradition says that
the Shaws came from Queenstown in 1720, but their
alliance with Rutland families may mean that they
had lived in County Tyrone and merely took ship
from Queenstown.

Mr. Shaw left fi.ve pounds to the Presbyterian con-
gregation in Long Lane, and his books to his friends.
The titles of these volumes show what the Scotch

174 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Irish pioneer read : The Practical Sabbatarian, by
John Wells, minister of St. Olave, Jewry ; Lectures
upon the Fourth of John, by Arthur Hildersam, a
puritan divine at Ashby de la Zouch ; A Sacramental
Directory, by John Willison, minister at Dundee;
Heaven upon Earth, by James Janeway, a minister
at Rotherhithe; and The Great Concern of Salva-
tion, by Professor Thomas Halliburton of St. An-
drews. The last volume Shaw left to Alexander
Thien. This book was published in 1721, so that the
owner must have purchased it in Boston if he came
in 1720. His great Bible and the work by Janeway
he gave to Mrs. "Eupham" Johnson, and to her hus-
band George his case of bottles — discriminating
gifts, we may suppose ! To their daughter Mary he
left his oval table and pocket Bible with silver
clasps, as well as the books by Willison and Hilder-
sam, and his candlesticks and fire-tongs.

The clothing which he wore is described at some
length: To his brother-in-law McClanathan his
Camblet coat lined with green, and his black and
white jacket; to his brother Samuel Shaw a Duroy
coat, brown holland coat, and dimmity jacket; to
Alexander Thien his coat with metal buttons. The
father was to have the grey suit of clothes trimmed
with black, his "Rocquelo" or roquelaure, a loose
coat to be thrown over the shoulders, his silver shoe
buckles, his linen, and Burkitt's Expository notes
on the New Testament. To David Hoston or Huston

THE SCOTCH IRISH IN BOSTON 175

and wife he gave four pounds. The executors were
his father and George Glen, tailor, his fellow mem-
ber on the Church committee. The witnesses were
William Hall, another member of the above men-
tioned committee, James Johnson, and James Brad-
ford. 1

Eobert Patten became an elder in Mr. Moorhead's
church. But his father showed an interest in Trin-
ity church and in his will remembered both faiths;
he left a gold ring and gloves to Mr. Moorhead, and
£ 40 to the minister, wardens and vestry of Trinity. 2

The Charitable TTJsh_Societ y of Boston , instituted v^
in 1737, was to be composed of persons ' ' of the Irish
Nation or extraction" ; and since the managers were
to be Protestants (article viii) it is probable that the
earliest members also were of that faith. Those who
became members before the year 1742, when Eoman
Catholics are first supposed to have been eligible to
membership, number one hundred and sixteen. 3
Many of them had been in Boston for several years,
and had become prosp erous merchants or mariners.

The Scotch Irish began to arrive in Boston in
considerable numbers as early as 1718. If we as-
sume that most of these emigrants moved into the
country towns their whereabouts is made clear. If,
however, any great number remained in Boston we

1 Suffolk Wills, Vol. 32, p. 179.
*IMd, Vol. 69, p. 268.
3 See Appendix IV.

176 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

may wonder that they made no impress on affairs
before 1730, when the Presbyterian Church records
begin. The surnames mentioned in these records
give some idea of Boston Scotch Irish families, al-
though parents came fifty miles for the rites of bap-
tism, and in some cases there is no indication on the
records that a family lived out-of-town.

THE WINTER OF 1718-19 IN WORCESTER

Cotton Mather had in mind very early that the
emigrants from Ulster would be useful settlers on
the frontier. In 1718 the village of Worcester could
claim a position on the Massachusetts frontier, al-
though it lay only forty miles from Boston. First
settled in 1674, it was deserted in King Philip 's war,
1675, and again in Queen Anne 's war, 1702. In 1713
Jonas Rice courageously built a cabin at the north-
ern end of Sagatabscot Hill, south east. of the cen-
tre of Worcester and near the Grafton line. Two
years later his brother Gershom settled at Paka-
choag Hill in the south western part of the township,
near a corner of the present Auburn. These Eng-
lish settlers and others built a fort or garrison
house of logs in 1717 on the west side of the present
Main Street, near Chatham Street. The same year
Obadiah Ward built his mill a little south east of the
garrison house, and a year later Joshua Rice fin-
ished a garrison house on the Jo Bill road, north of
the Main Street garrison house. At the north east
corner of Main and Exchange streets already stood
Daniel Heywood's fortified tavern, a landmark even

178

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

in those days on the great highway into the wilder-
ness. 1

'• /tnh.'m

♦ Worcester
• Leicester

The little company of Scotch Irish settlers, poor,
weary, laden with blankets and tools, flax- wheels and

1 Wall's Worcester, 1877, Chapter 2. I am indebted to Mr. Law-
rence Park of Groton for aid in preparing this chapter. Mr. Ben-
jamin Thomas Hill of Worcester has read the manuscript and has
placed his views of old houses at my disposal.

WOBCESTER COUNTY SETTLEMENTS 179

cradles, watched this sandy path as it ran on through
woodland and meadow, and dotted at intervals with
garrison houses, which must have reminded them of
danger. They came to act as a buffer against the
Indians, and instead of welcome they received surly
conversation from the few inhabitants who turned
out to meet them. At the head of the party of emi-
grants was the Rev. Edward FitzGerald from Lon-
donderry, of whom less is known than of the other
ministers of the migration. James McClellan was
one of the leaders, and he may even have been in
Worcester when the band of emigrants came slowly
out from Boston, if he landed on July 28th, as seems
possible. It was on Saturday, August 9th, of the
week after the ships entered the harbor, that McClel-
lan made terms with Grershom Rice of Worcester for
a farm of seventy five acres. 1 The price was forty
one pounds. The land was bounded partly westerly
by land in the possession of Captain Prentice, east-
erly by land of Mr. John Smith, and every where
else by common land, a country road six rods wide
running through the farm. April 23d of the next
year McClellan purchased from Nathaniel Jones

1 Middlesex Deeds, Vol. 19, p. 328. In the publications of the
Worcester Society of Antiquity, Vol. 3, p. 144, the early Pro-
prietors' Records are given. A plot made November 21, 1718,
shows land laid out on the right of Captain Thomas Prentice, de-
ceased, and "Macklelans land" is shown to be on "the Comon
road," west of the Captain's land. In 1720 William McClellan's
land is shown (page 157).

180 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

another large tract of land bounded on the sonth
by the town line and on the east by G-ershom Bice's
land and common land. These and later purchases
formed a large farm between Pakachoag Hill and the
Leicester line.

McClellan at once became a factor in the Worces-
ter of 1718, with its fifty-eight dwellings and its two
hundred souls. Log cabins were built rapidly on
the common land. Mr. Wall in his Reminiscences of
Worcester indicates on his map the probable sites in
1718 of the homes of the settlers, most of them
Scotch Irish men who came with their families and
so had to provide houses for them. Professor Perry
thinks that at least fifty families of the old fashioned
size settled in Worcester that autumn, doubling the
population of the town. 1

Eeligious services under the Rev. Mr. FitzGerald
began in a garrison house near the intersection of
the Boston and Lancaster roads, 2 at the north end
of the town.

In the autumn of 1718 or the summer of 1719 the
Presbyterians began to erect a church of their own,
on the west side of Lincoln street, "near the top of
the hill, a little north of the Paine house. ' ' Through
ignorance as to the religious views of the Scotch
Irish, or more probably from a desire to force all
the inhabitants of the town to attend and support

Proceedings Scotch Irish Society, 2d Congress, p. 111.
Lincoln's Worcester, p. 163.

WOECESTER COUNTY SETTLEMENTS 181

one church, the rougher element came together one
night and destroyed the frame before mnch progress
had been made. It is said that Deacon Daniel Hey-
wood of the orthodox chnrch lent his influence to
this movement 1 and that the "best people in town"
were present. The destruction proved a crushing
blow to those who clung tenaciously to their own
form of worship. Many moved north onto a tract
of land known as the settlers' part of the town.
When, in 1722, forty or fifty families had gathered
there this territory, six miles square, was incorpo-
rated asjfrailansU

Many also went elsewhere, some gathering at Sut-
ton to be under the Rev. John McKinstry, who began
his ministry there about 1720; others moving to
Londonderry in New Hampshire. The Scotch Irish
did not entirely desert Worcester, although so few
remained that they had no control of affairs in the
annual town meetings, nor could they bear the bur-
den of a minister of their own faith. The Rev. Mr.
FitzGerald left them, but returned occasionally to
preach, being referred to as late as 1729. 2 A few
years later the Presbyterians again attempted to
form a church, and they called the Rev. William
Johnston who is said to have come from Mullow-
male, or Mullaghmoyle, county Tyrone.

In 1737 John Clark and nine others, finding it

1 Carl's tour in Main Street, pp. 8, 146.

2 Lincoln's Worcester, pp. 166, 191.

182 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEBS

burdensome to support Mr. Johnston and at the
same time aid the town's minister, asked the town
to free them from taxation for the support of reli-
gious services, but "ye Irish petition' ' was voted
down by "a grate majority.' ' Evidently the desig-
nation " Irish* ' still clung to these Scotch and Eng-
lish settlers from Ulster. Through adversity and
isolation of old they had grown clannish and they
did not assimilate well with the older New England
blood.

If we could go back to these early years we should
probably find that after FitzGerald's departure the
Presbyterians attended the Congregational or town
services, except when an itinerant or a passing min-
ister of their own communion gathered the loyal
band in a cabin to unite them in prayer or to baptize
their children. .

The orthodox church was built in 1719 in front of
the site of the present handsome city hall. At this
period it was plain, without steeple, and at first
filled with benches. The committee on seating in
1724 had no Scotch Irish members, nor did they
grant any places for private pews to these new set-
tlers. In the fore seat or bench was John Gray ; in
the third seat were Matthew Gray, John Duncan;
in the fourth seat was William Gray; in the fifth
seat were James Hamilton, William McNal, Eobert
Peables, J. McClellan, Andrew Farrend, Alexander
McConkey, John Killough and Eobert Lothridge or

WORCESTER COUNTY SETTLEMENTS 183

Lortridge; and in the sixth seat William McClel-
lan, David Young, J. Bety or Batty, W. Mahan,
James McClellan and [Thomas] Beard, or Baird,
all or nearly all of them Scotch Irish. 1

In 1733 there were in the "fore seet" John Gray
with five English sitters ; in the second seat William
Gray, James Hambleton, Andrew McFarland, John
Clerk, Robert Peables; in the third seat, Matthew
Gray, Alexander McConkey, William Caldwell, John
Duncan, William Gray, Jr., Matthew Gray, Jr., An-
drew McFarland, Jr., and John Gray, Jr. ; in the
fourth seat Moses Harper, James Thornington or
Thornton, John Batty, Oliver Wallis, and Robert
Blair ; in the fifth seat James Furbush, Robert Lort-
ridge, John Alexander, William Mahan, John Stin-
son, Duncan Graham, John McFarland, and Joseph
Clerk; in the sixth seat John Patrick, James Glas-
f ord, John Sterling, and Hugh Kelso. In the fore
seat in the long gallery were William and James
McClellan, 2 and Robert Barber; in the second seat
were Patrick Peables, John McConkey, John Pea-
bles; and in the second seat of the "frunt galiry"
were Samuel Gray, Thomas Hambleton, and Mat-
thew Clark. In most of the seats were other sitters
who were probably not of the Scotch Irish stock. 3

It will be seen that in 1733 there was a consider-

1 Worcester Society of Antiquity, Vol. 2, p. 28.

2 Perry adds John Cishiel.

8 Worcester Society of Antiquity, Vol. 2, pp. 85-86.

184 . SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

able Scotch Irish colony within a church-going ra-
dius of the Worcester church.

In 1737 the Irish petition had been voted down.
The lands now included in the town of Pelham were
being opened for settlement, and on the 21st of Jan-
uary, 1738-39, John Stoddard arranged to settle a
number of families ' ' such as were inhabitants of the
Kingdom of Ireland or their descendants, being
Protestants. ' ' Their names were : x James and John
Alexander; Adam Clark; Ephraim and George
Cowan, the latter being of Concord; John and
Thomas Dick; John Ferguson of Grafton; James
Gilmore of Boston; John Gray, Jr., Samuel, and
William Gray, Jr.; James Hood; Adam Johnson;
John Johnson of Shrewsbury; Robert Lotheridge;
Thomas Lowden of Leicester; Alexander and John
McConkey; James McAllach; Abraham Patterson
of Leicester; Patrick and Robert Peibols; John
Stinson; James Thornton; James Taylor; Samuel
Thomes; Alexander Turner. The proprietors reg-
istered in 1739 included also Andrew McFarland,
James Breakenridge, Robert Barbour, William
Johnson and Matthew Gray. John Gray, Jr., had
3-60 of the rights, Robert Peibols 5-60 and James
Thornton had 14-60. All the others had one or two
rights. As the place was to be called Lisburn after
the town in County Antrim a natural inference would
be that Thornton came from that "mother town."

1 Parmenter's Pelham, pp. 17, 24.

WORCESTER COUNTY SETTLEMENTS 185

He was a man of ability and his son was a signer of
the Declaration of Indepedence.

Exact information may be had in regard to a
few of the Worcester settlers. James McClellan,
whose early purchase of land has already been men-
tioned, was a very religious, industrious and thrifty
man. His will, on file at the Middlesex Probate
office, was signed September 29, 1729, when he made
his mark. It was probated October 31st. The will
was written apparently by Samuel Jenison, who
with Moses and Jane Harper were witnesses. Mc-
Clellan mentions " Margaret my dearly beloved
wife"; the son William to have lands at Bogger-
hoage, 1 104 acres with buildings, and to give his
mother yearly 100 weight of beef and 100 weight of
pork ; the son James to have 95 acres and one half
the buildings, the other half to be Margaret's for
life; James to haul and cut her fire wood, and to
provide yearly ten bushels of Indian corn, three of
English corn, two of malt, one barrel of cider, fodder
for two cows, and a horse in the winter season, and
also to fit (!) him in order whenever she wants to
ride. To Margaret he gave the use of the orchard
for life. To William's children William, Samuel and
Ann he gave three pounds each, and to James's
children James and Rebecca like sums. James he
made executor. It is an excellent will, clear, simple,

1 "The south part of the town, then known as Bogachoag (now
Auburn)." — Carl's tour in Main Street, p. 119,

186 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

and thoughtful through all its details, worthy of the
Worcester colony, and of the emigrant's distin-
guished descendants General Samuel McClellan,
General George B. McClellan, and the mayor of
Greater New York.

The Young family 1 have left on their grave stones
valuable evidence of their Irish home. John and
David both came from the Londonderry neighbor-
hood, and this suggests that the Worcester company
was from the valley of the Foyle; while the New
Hampshire and Falmouth people were from the
Bann Valley. John Young was born in the Isle of
Bert or Burt near Londonderry, and died at Worces-
ter June 30, 1730, aged 107. David was born in the
parish of Taughboyne, Donegal, between London-
derry and Lifford on the west bank of the Foyle,
and died December 26, 1776, aged 94. 2

The will of Daniel McFarland, who died in
Worcester in 1738, states that he had a daughter
Margaret Campbell living in County Tyrone, Ire-
land. Daniel may have been a brother of John Mc-
Farland, mentioned in a paper in the Suffolk County
Files, number 163,586, which shows that three emi-
grants of the name, probably those of Boothbay a

Professor Perry says that the Youngs were of Celtic origin.
See his article, p. 110.

'Worcester Society of Antiquity, Vol. 1. In the first cemetery
in Worcester, where about seventeen were buried between 1713
and 1727, there are no stones. The earliest stone on the Com-
mon bears the date 1727.

WORCESTER COUNTY SETTLEMENTS 187

little later, appear to have come from Ardstraw,
County Tyrone, in 1720.

The paper reads :

" This Bill bindethus

John McFarland, Sr.

John McFarland, Jr.

Andrew McFarland
in the sum of £ 13. 16. for the payment of £ 6. 18.
unto Rev. Mr. Isaac Taylor or order within 30 days
after arrival at New England for value reed. Dated
10 August 1720. In presence of Robert Temple,
Alexander Hamilton." *

Taylor was assistant to the Rev. Mr. Haliday,
minister at Ardstraw, Ireland. He may, however,
have been at Brunswick for a few months in 1719
and 1720. 1

Matthew Gray who came over as a child in 1718
and Robert who came as a youth of twenty-one are
both referred to as " of the Company of immigrants
who settled here in 1718.' ' John Gray had land laid
out to him by the town's committee November 26,
1718, and these were his children: Robert (born
1697, ancestor of Asa Gray the botanist), Samuel,

Barnes, son of Daniel McFarland of Worcester, was at Bruns-
wick in 1738. Duncan McFarland of Rutland was probably a
son of Duncan who died in Boston in 1696, although perhaps
closely related to the Worcester family. An Andrew McFarland
married at Billerica in 1725,

188 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

William, Matthew (ancestor of Professor Bliss
Perry), John, Mary (called wife of William Blair
of Aghadowey, and later wife of Matthew Barbour) ,
and Sarah (wife of Robert Barbour, who was born
at "Koppra," County Tyrone). 1

It is evident that those with families were obliged
to build log cabins and clear spaces for planting ; but
two families no doubt often lived together under the
same roof. There were also many young men and
girls who went from place to place in search of em-
ployment. Some of these in the course of ten years
returned to Worcester to buy land. Others married
and settled elsewhere. The chief Worcester Scotch
Irish settlers bore the following names, but many
others were transient dwellers in Worcester and
will be referred to under Rutland, Pelham and
Palmer.

Thomas Baird Rev. Edward Fitz Gerald

Robert Barbour Samuel Fleming

John Batley [Betty?] James Forbush

Abraham Blair Mrs. Isabel Gilmore

Robert Blair John Gray

William Caldwell James Hamilton

Robert Crawford James Heart

John Duncan Hugh Kelso

William Dunlap (1731) Archibald Lamond (1731)

1 No place name in Ireland begins with Ko. Perhaps Cappagh
on the northern side of the Mourne, between Newtown Stewart
and Omagh, is referred to. Clogher was not far away.

WORCESTER COUNTY SETTLEMENTS 191

Robert Lollard
Robert Lortridge
James McClellan
John McClintock
Alexander McConkey
John McConkey
Daniel McFarland
William McHan

John McKachan
Robert Peables
David Thomas
James Thornton
William Walker
Matthias Wallis
David Yonng
John Yonng

Many men bearing these names will be found men-
tioned in the excellent history of Pelham. Most of
the Rutland settlers came with the Worcester colony,
and the names of the chief Scotch Irish families
there belong almost as certainly with the Worcester
as with the Rutland list. Some of these Rutland
settlers brought letters of dismissal from their
church in Ireland. That of Malkem Hendery was
from the Rev. Mr. Haliday at Ardstraw in County
Tyrone, the home of the McFarlands. The Stinsons,
Hamiltons and Savages were closely allied, and it is
possible that a large number of the Rutland colony
came over from Ardstraw together. Of the follow-
ing those with an asterisk prefixed probably repre-
sent Ardstraw colonists.

^Alexander Bothwell
James Browning
^John Browning
James Clark
John Clark

*Aaron Crawford
*John Crawford
*William Fenton
Robert Ferrell
Robert Forbush

192

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Duncan Graham
Patrick Gregory

*John Hamilton (of
Brookfield 1726)

*Malkem Hendery
John Lecore
William McCarter
Thomas McClanathan
John McClanathan
[Duncan McFarland]
John Mclntire

*Robert McLem
Daniel McMains

James McPherson

*John Moor
John Murray

*Robert Patrick
Edward Savage
Matthew Slarrow

J William Sloan
James Smith
William Spear
Robert Sterling
John S tins on
William Watson

Edward Savage mentioned above was the grand-
father of the Philadelphia painter and engraver of
portraits of Washington.

The chief Palmer settlers, who came largely from
Worcester, were:

James Breakenridge
Andrew Farrand
Thomas Farrand, Jr.
Robert Ferrell
Joseph Fleming
John Glasford
James Lamont
Thomas McClanathan
William McClanathan
John McMaster

William McMitchel
Alexander McNitt
James Moore
John Moore
John Patterson
William Patterson
John Peables
Duncan Quinton
Robert Rogers
Samuel Shaw

WOECESTEE COUNTY SETTLEMENTS 193

Seth Shaw Alexander Tackels

James Shearer John Thomson

Eobert Smith Eobert Thomson
John Spence

At Palmer and on lands across the Ware Eiver
in the present town of Ware the population grew
rapidly. Sons and daughters from Worcester and
Eutland did the first rough work of the pioneer. To
their numbers were added those of the later immi-
grants who withstood the allurements of a warmer
climate. There was Alexander McNitt from County
Donegal whose son Barnard served as clerk and
treasurer of the Proprietors of Common Lands.
Several miles east of Palmer William Sinclair, born
in the parish of Drumbo, County Down, in 1676,
lived at this period in Leicester and Spencer. 1 His
daughter Agnes became the wife of the chief man in
this Scotch Irish neighborhood, William Breaken-
ridge, the first representative to the Provincial Con-
gress, and town clerk of Ware for eighteen years.
He came to America from Ireland in 1727 when four
years of age, with his father, James, a native of
Scotland. Mr. Hyde in his address at Ware, says :
" There is in the Brakenridge family an ancient
manuscript music-book upon the fly-leaf of which is
written, 'Mr. Jacobus Breakenridge, His Music
Book, made and taught per me, Eobt. Cairnes, at

1 History of Spencer, 1841, pp. 114, 132; 1860, 204, 255.

194 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Glenreavoll, 1 Sept. 1715. J Besides the scale and
rudiments of music, it contains the date of his mar-
riage, 1720, and the births of his children, giving the
day, the hour and the time in the moon, with other
memoranda. On one page is written, 'We departed
from Ireland, July 16, 1727, and my child died on
the 19th of Aug. ' "

The newer towns drew from almost every county
in Ulster.

The evidence relating to the origin of the Worces-
ter-Rutland colony, however, seems to point to the
valley of the Foyle as the home of its pioneer mem-
bers. If McClellan had not come in the ship from
Londonderry, John Wilson, master, which arrived
July 28th he would have come on August 4th. In
those days the space of time between August 4th
and the 9th, Monday to Saturday, would have been
short for the labors of bringing his family goods
ashore, journeying out to Worcester, selecting a
farm and looking it over, waiting for a deed to be
drawn, and attaching his signature. All this could
have been done in six days, but a careful, provident
man would have felt hurried in so important a task
in a strange land. If, however, McClellan arrived on
the ship from Londonderry he had from July 28th
to August 9th to reach Worcester and buy his farm.
With him in Worcester were settlers from three
counties, Londonderry, Donegal and Tyrone, but

Perhaps Glenravil, barony of Antrim, County Antrim.

WOBCESTEB COUNTY SETTLEMENTS 195

most of them came from County Tyrone. The Foyle,
made broad by the union of two streams, flows by
Lifford on the Donegal side, and Strabane on the
Tyrone side, northward between the counties until
it approaches the city of Londonderry. There the
county of Londonderry seems to throw itself across
the Foyle to encompass the city. These twenty miles
of the Foyle from Strabane to the city drain a terri-
tory which has been a nursery of strong men "who
fought naked for King William, our liberties, our
religion, and all that was dear to us."

These men from the valley of the Foyle proved
themselves sturdy of body and brain. They were,
however, if we may judge from minor evidences,
less prosperous and possibly less well educated at
the time of arrival than those of the Bann compa-
nies. In this opinion I am supported by Professor
Perry, who writes: "I entertain the opinion, gath-
ered from scattered and uncertain data, that it was
the poorer, the more illiterate, the more helpless,
part of the five ship-loads who were conducted to
Worcester." 1 Under these circumstances their suc-
cess in the New World was remarkable.

1 Page 110 of his article.

XI

THE WINTER OF 1718-19 IN DRACUT,
ANDOVER, AND CASCO BAY

We have seen that many Scotch Irish immigrants
passed the winter of 1718-19 in Boston, mnch to the
discomfort of the town officers and citizens there.
These immigrants were possibly from the territory
aronnd Belfast, comprising southern Antrim and
the northern part of the County of Down. They
must have treasured some memories of the sailing
of the Eagle Wing nearly a century before, for many
of their towns had sent out inhabitants on that fated
expedition.

The Worcester company left Boston early in Au-
gust, 1718. Other families and groups of immigrants
struck out for themselves. James Smith, who had
come from Ballykelly, a town between the Foyle and
the Bann, near Newton Limavady, wandered about
for a few months and settled down in Needham,
where his third son Matthew was born in April,
1720. The Rev. Jonathan Townsend, writing there
in February, 1723^, states that a year earlier he
had had to plead with his people not to ill-treat the
new settlers, 1 from which we may infer that the

1 Information from George K. Clarke, Esq.

DEACUT AND CASCO BAY 197

Smiths soon must have had Scotch Irish neighbors.
The church reference to Mr. Smith is an interesting
record :

"Jan: 9, 1726. — James Smith & Mary his Wife
admitted into the Church, came from Ireland A. D.
1718, & Brought a Testimonial with them from M r .
John Stirling Minister of the Congregation of Belly-
kelly in the County of Londonderry."

The leaders of the Bann Valley settlers, finding
that their agent, the Eev. William Boyd, had ob-
tained no definite grant of land, determined to spend
the winter in or near Boston until affairs were more
to their satisfaction. Boyd, as we have seen, re-
mained in Boston, but the Rev. Mr. McGregor's
means were not sufficient to allow him to pass the
winter in idleness, and he appealed to the Rev. Cot-
ton Mather for influence in obtaining a position as
teacher or minister. Mather in his diary under
October 3d writes : ' ' Encourage y e people of Dray-
cot unto ye Inviting of a worthy Scotch minister
lately arrived here, to settle among y m . ' '

Mather's letter, written on the previous day, is
printed below from the somewhat illegible rough
draft at the American Antiquarian Society's library
in Worcester:

2 d VIII m 1718
Dear Brethren

Being informed that you are desirous to hear from
us, the character of o r Friend and Brother Mr Mc

198 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

Gregore, we do, with great Alacrity and satisfaction
give yon to nnderstant that we look npon him, as a
person of a very excellent character : and consider-
ably qualified for the work of ye ministry as well for
his ministerial abilities as his Christian [I] piety:
[serious gravity and as far as we have heard every
way unexceptionable Behaviour.] 1 And we have
also had it credibly Reported unto us, that from a
singular goodness in his Temper, he was usually
called The peace-maker, in ye countrey from whence
he came. On these Accounts we cannot but hope that
if you should obtain him, to become your pastor, you
will enjoy in him a very precious gift of your as-
cended Saviour, To whose Blessing you are now
commended by Your hearty Friend

[Cotton Mather].

In writing of Mr. McGregor it must be evident
that Cotton Mather expressed himself after two
months of intercourse with the Scotch minister. We
may assume also from McGregor's marriage to a
sister of the wives of James McKeen and Captain
James Gregg that he must himself have been a man
of ability, for they were leaders • among men wher-
ever they chanced to be.

The village of Dracut had built a little meeting
house three years earlier on the river road, now
Varnum Avenue. It was thirty feet long and twenty

1 Mather wrote this clause as a marginal insertion.

DBACUT AND CASCO BAY 199

feet wide, and to this house of worship after listen-
ing to some fifteen candidates the people decided
to summon Mr. McGregor, ' ' the peace-maker. ' ' The
town evidently hoped that he would, if acceptable,
settle down after the admirable custom of the time
to be the father of his flock through life. The record
of the town (there are no church records until 1788)
reads :

"Dracutt, Oct. ye 15, 1718.

"Mad choice of Mr. Mackgreggor to settel in Dra-
cutt to prech the Gospel and to do the Whole Work of
a Settled minister ; and likewise Voted to give to Mr
Macgreger Sixty five pounds a year for his salary
for the first four years, and then Seaventy pound
a year till there Be fifty families in the town of Dra-
cutt, and then it Shall Be eighty pounds a yeare;
and likewise voted for a settlement sixty pounds the
one half the Next June ins eying, and the other half
the next June, in the year 1720 ' 91

The Eev. James McGregor spent the winter of
1718-19 in Dracut on the banks of Beaver Brook, a
little north of the present city of Lowell, and south
of the future Nutfield ; but there is no evidence that
the Scotch Irish people followed him to Dracut. In
addition to his work as the village pastor he taught
the school.

Parker in his History of Londonderry refers to a
winter settlement of Scotch Irish at Andover, a

1 1 consulted also papers lent by Silas R. Coburn, Esq., of Dracut.

200 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

village five or ten miles east of Dracut. "On tak-
ing their departure, ' ' lie writes, "from one of the
families with whom they had resided, they left a few
potatoes for seed. The potatoes were accordingly
planted; came np and flourished well; blossomed
and produced balls, which the family supposed were
the fruit to be eaten. They cooked the balls in vari-
ous ways, but could not make them palatable, and
pronounced them unfit for food. The next spring,
while ploughing their garden the plough passed
through where the potatoes had grown, and turned
out some of great size, by which means they discov-
ered their mistake."

This incident is said to have occurred on the farm
of Nathaniel Walker, father of the Eev. Timothy
Walker, first minister of Concord. The farm was
near the boundary line between North Andover and
Bradford, and several families probably spent the
winter of 1718-19 there, the single men and girls
finding shelter and employment in the neighboring
villages. 1 The Andover taxpayers were assessed
forty shillings in 1719 to provide funds to aid the
poor, and part of the money thus collected was no
doubt spent for provisions for the Scotch Irish. Ob-
viously the settlers of a single winter left few rec-
ords of their stay ; but Miss C. H. Abbott, the inde-
fatigable investigator, has found traces of them.

1 Miss Abbott writes : "The Walker garden may have been on the
Andover line, but I am quite as sure he worshipped and paid
taxes mainly in Bradford town."

DRACUT AND CASCO BAY 201

Thomas Grow, probably the same man who signed
the petition to Governor Shute in 1718, was one of
those who remained in Andover after his compan-
ions had moved to Nutfield. An order was issned
the next winter for his relief, and at about the same
time, with man's improvidence, he was married.
His wife, Rebecca Holt came of a well known local
family. 1

Two other men from Ireland are mentioned upon
the records at an early date, Robert Stuart and Wil-
liam Bolton, who were recorded January 30, 1718-19,
as living in the town. They had come up from Bos-
ton the preceding summer or autumn, Stuart bring-
ing a family with him. Very unreliable tradition 2
states that Robert Stuart of Edinburgh (1655-1719)
was the father of Robert of Andover and of John
(1682-1741), the proprietor of Londonderry, New
Hampshire. Samuel Stuart of Andover, called a
third son of the first Robert, was executor of the will
of John in 1741. A Walter Stewart or Stuart of
Londonderry married in 1722 Giziell Crumey of
Boxford, and a little later John Stuart of London-
derry owned land in Boxford. These men may have
been kinsmen, but there were so many early immi-
grants by the name of Stuart, some on Cape Cod,

1 Their children mentioned upon the records were Ruth, born
in 1720, and Hannah, born in 1723. In 1721 the town records
refer to "Elizabeth Nichols' child that is called John Grow," for
whom provision was to be made.

2 See, however, the "Duncan-Stuart family," p. 140.

202 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEEES

others in Connecticut, in Charlestown, Lunenburg
and elsewhere that only the family historian could
trace their relationship.

William Bolton, called "Scotch" by his descend-
ants, came from the vicinity of Coleraine. He mar-
ried at Andover in 1719-20, and died soon after in
the adjoining town of Reading, leaving two sons
William and John.

Of these immigrants Miss Abbott says: "I find
many were tenants on farms held partly by dower
widows and worked on shares." Land was difficult
of purchase in an old town like Andover, and most
of the Scotch Irish were transients only. On the
Andover town records are the names of :

John CofTerin or Cochran . . 1725/6

John Telford 1725/6

John Cromme or Crombie . . 1726/7

Hugh Riddle .... 1726/7

William Crumney . . . 1727
Thomas Richardson, "Irishman,"

his son John baptized . . 1730
Joseph Waugh and wife Margaret,

before 1732

Alexander Macartney, ' ' Irish-
man," and Margaret his wife,

about 1742

James, John and Samuel Seaton . 1748

Other members of the Scotch Irish migration may

DBACUT AND CASCO BAY 203

have tarried at Haverhill, Bradford and Dracut, but
the record of them is meagre.

While the Andover colonists were spending the
winter in moderate comfort, the " Irish' ' at Casco
Bay suffered great hardship. Parker writes : ' i The
party that left Boston for Casco Bay, arrived there
late in the season ; and it proving to be a very early
and cold winter, the vessel was frozen in. Many of
the families, not being able to find accommodations
on shore, were obliged to pass the whole winter on
board the ship, suffering severely from the want of
food, as well as of convenience of situation/ '

The village of Falmouth on the site of the present
city of Portland, Maine, had suffered from Indian
raids, from intense cold in winter, and from the pov-
erty of its fishing population. In the Acts and re-
solves of the province of the Massachusetts Bay it is
recorded July 16, 1718, that a committee of five was
appointed to view Falmouth, give advice as to laying
out of streets, placing the meeting house, and organ-
ization. The appointment of this committee prob-
ably drew the attention of Governor Shute to the
lands about Casco Bay between Cape Elizabeth and
the mouth of the Kennebec, roughly the land between
Portland and Bath. He, it is said, spoke to Mc-
Gregor and McKeen, and the latter with the Eev. Mr.
McGregor's congregation, relatives, and friends, de-
termined to go at once in the ship in which they had
crossed the ocean, to explore the coast of the bay.

204

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Meanwhile the Committee recommended that the
inhabitants already there be given powers of self-
government since there was "a Fair Prospect of its
being in a little time a flourishing town." On No-

^^to|>e Buxa&fiM

vember 12th the Legislature approved the sugges-
tion on condition that fifty families more be admit-
ted as soon as possible and settled in a compact and
defensible manner. On the 19th the Legislature ap-
proved a project for a town to be laid out near Fal-
mouth for the Scotch Irish, evidently having no

DRACUT AND CASCO BAY 205

thought that the Scotch Irish emigrants would settle
in Falmouth.

Those who sailed into Casco Bay in the " Robert' '
went ashore probably between Falmouth Village and
the Point on Cape Elizabeth, where they began about
the month of November to build rough shelters for
the winter. 1 It seems difficult to believe that the fam-
ilies which were on the ship could not provide rough
huts before winter set in. Evidently the autumn
was extremely cold and the vessel, if tradition is to
be believed, was caught in the ice, so that those who
did not immediately get their huts well under way
were forced by the bitter weather to settle down on
the " Robert' ' for the winter. John Armstrong and
others at once sent a petition to the government at
Boston.

This John Armstrong is no doubt the indigent
voyager on the "Robert"; in the wild life on Cape
Elizabeth his ability brought him forward. The
official reference to the petition reads : "A Petition
of John Armstrong & divers others, Setting forth
that there are about thirty Families arrived from
the North of Ireland, at Falmouth, in Casco Bay,
that they are building Cottages to shelter themselves
from the weather, that their good Success in these
Parts will encourage many of their Brethren to
transport themselves & Families into this countrey ;

^outhack's "Actual survey of the sea coast" has houses and
trees at "Porpolac Pt." »

206 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

And therefore Praying that they may have Portions
of Land allotted to them near Falmouth; & seeing
they are scarce of Provisions, that they may have
some thing to subsist them this Winter." 1 There
are several petitions of this period, and in reply the
Council stated that Armstrong's petition could not
be granted as Falmouth was " anciently inhabited,' f
and the lands were already owned.

Meanwhile the development of Falmouth lan-
guished. Samuel Moody and John Smith wrote to
the government that notwithstanding the favorable
report of the Committee, and the powers given to
Falmouth, yet claimers and proprietors of lands
could not agree upon their bounds. The petitioners
asked that a constable and other officers be ap-
pointed to regulate affairs and provide for the sup-
port of a minister. They stated that the population
was about three hundred, 2 most of them from Ire-
land, and one half so poor that they had neither pro-
vision nor money for them. They conclude by ask-
ing "that this Hon ble Court would be pleased to con-
sider the deplorable Circumstances of the said Place
by reason of the great Number of poor Strangers
arrived amongst them and take some speedy & Ef-
fectual Care for their supply."

This petition was ordered to be referred to the

1 Legislative Records of the Council, Vol. 10, pp. 309, 313, 314,
318, 321.

2 The "Robert's" passengers were not the only Scotch Irish on
Cape Elizabeth.

DBACUT AND CASCO BAY 207

session in May, and one hundred bushels of Indian
meal were to be forwarded to the Irish people. 1

The Eev. William Cornwall had gone with the
"Bobert" in place of the Kev. Mr. McGregor. Mr.
Cornwall was from Clogher, in County Tyrone, a
day's journey south of Londonderry. He was not
well, and on account of the distance of his dwelling
house in Clogher from the church, and the arrears of
his salary, he resigned his pastorate and joined the
McGregor colony. One winter at Casco Bay seems to
have chilled his ardor for pioneering and he returned
to become minister at Taughboyne in 1722. The pri-
vations which threatened the " Bobert V company
at Porpooduc, as the Cape Elizabeth land was called,
brought from Mr. Cornwall a letter of distress. Cot-
ton Mather, January 8, 1718t19, wrote in his Diary :
"Some Letters unto ye Scotch ministers arrived in
o[u]r East Countrey, may have a Tendency to
hearten them in that work of God, which they have
to do, in those New Plantations ; and more particu-
larly for ye Christianizing of the Indians there." 2
The following draft of a letter by Mather gives an
intimation of his labors in behalf of the struggling
colony "at Porpooduc, Casco Bay, Falmouth town-
ship. ' ' He writes :

"Whereas, the New Settlement at Casco-hay, is
as yett in its feeble infancy, But Yett there is usual

Massed December 3, 1718.

1 1 am indebted to Mr. Julius H. Tuttle for these references to
Mather's Diary.

208 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

(besides y e Families that have began as inhabitants)
on y e Lords-day a Considerable Resort of people that
are from divers places on their Fishing voyages:
which renders y e Condition of these places a little pe-
culiar, and Considerably calls for our care that the
Lords-days may not pass without public Exercise of
Religion there: Whereas also there is now a very
worthy, pious & Peaceful Minister whose name is
Mr. Comwal much desired and invited by the people
there: who are willing to do something toward the
subsistence of him ; which something is much too lit-
tle in any tolerable measure to insure y e Instruction.

" 'Tis humbly moved That y e General Assembly
would express y e goodness usual w th ye governmen*
on such occasions and allow for one year from ye
public Treasury some. agreeable accession to what
y e people there can do, towards ye support of such
a minister." 1

"With the approach of warmer weather in the
spring of 1719 most of the McGregor colony looked
about for a more promising place. Those who re-
mained at Falmouth led a miserable existence. The
Rev. Thomas Smith, "pastor of the first church of
Christ in Falmouth,' ' came to his desolate field of
labor in 1720. There were less than sixty families,
very poor because they were so often forced through
fear of the Indians to abandon their farms and live
in garrison houses, and some of them, says Smith,

'American Antiquarian Society, Mather Papers.

DEACUT AND CASCO BAY 209

" soldiers that had found wives on the place, and
were mean animals.' ' But the fighting in 1722 did
away with the worst of them. 1

In 1735 there were only twenty families at Por-
pooduc, and the Presbyterians there, at Falmouth,
and at the settlement in Brunswick, to be noticed
later, were ministered to by the Eev. James Wood-
side for several years. He was followed by the Eev.
William McClenathan, who removed to Blandf ord in
Massachusetts in 1744. During the next score of
years only the aged gathered to hear a passing
Presbyterian minister, to renew their faith and their
memories of old Ireland. 2

History and tradition have left some record of
those who remained in Falmouth after the winter
sojourners had gone on to Nutfield. John Arm-
strong, signer of the petition, with Eobert Means,
who had married his daughter, were certainly there,
and Means settled at Stroudwater, a village near
Falmouth. The descendants of Means became very
prominent later in Massachusetts. Armstrong is
said to have had brothers Simeon, James and
Thomas, who had grants in or near Falmouth be-
fore 1721. 3

1 Smith's Journal, p. 15.

2 A. Blaikie's Presbyterianism, p. 88.

3 Armstrong had an infant son, James, and a son Thomas, born
in Falmouth in 1719. His brother, James, had Thomas, born in
Ireland in 1717, as well as John, born in 1720, and James, in 1721,
both in Falmouth.

210 • SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

John Barbour 1 came with his family, a son John
having come to York, it is said, as early as 1717.

Eandal McDonald is also mentioned as of the com-
pany which spent the winter of 1718-19 in Falmouth,
and with him William Jameson. A man named Sle-
mons is said to have settled at Stroudwater with
Means.

This list is no doubt wholly inadequate, but the
establishment of settlers a few miles away at Bruns-
wick in 1718, supposed to be the passengers by the
' ' Maccallum, ' ' and additions in great numbers there
in 1719 under Captain Robert Temple, make it ex-
tremely difficult to name those who spent the winter
of 1718-19 in or near Falmouth, and remained long
enough to find a place on the records.

Trouble with the Indians drove many farmers out
of the country during the next five years, and from
the lists of persons reaching Boston a few names
of early dwellers in Casco Bay can be added. These
names were incorporated into the Boston Select-
men's records.

Recorded at a meeting of the selectmen, April 27,
1719:—

Anne Hanson who came from Casco into this
Town ab* a week before was on ye 23 th of march,
1718 [-19] warned to depart.

1 Smith and Deane's Journal, pp. 57, 60, 92, 165 ; Willis's Port-
land, pp. 326, 788; McLellan's Gorham, p. 395. See also an article
by Mrs. Alice F. Moody in The Boston Transcript, June 5, 1907.

S

p s

I -

* fi

3 5

OS •— '

j *

DEACUT AND CASCO BAY 213

Bobert Holmes & wife, William Holmes &
child who came from Casco into this Town ab*
12 dayes before was on the 15 th of Aprill cur*
warned to depart.

Eecorded July 25, 1719 :—

Joan Maccoullah widd came from Casco bay
who had been then here ab* 5 dayes was on the
5 th of June, warned to depart.

Eecorded October 28, 1720:—

Noah Peck from Casco 2 moneths warned 26 th
of August.

Eecorded July 28, 1722 :—

Thomas Longworth, Lame, from Casco
[warned] June 3.

Longworth was a settler long before 1718. The
same may perhaps be said of Peck.

The Scotch Irish settlers at Casco Bay between
1718 and 1722, that is, at Falmouth and along the
shore of Cape Elizabeth, were more numerous than
these records show, but some of the earliest were :
James Armstrong.
John Armstrong.
Simeon Armstrong.
Thomas Armstrong.
f John Barbour.
Thomas Bolton. . .

Eev. William Cornwall.

214 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

Joshua Gray. 1

Anne Hanson.

Bobert Holmes and wife.

William Holmes and child.

William Jameson. 2

Joan Macconllah.

Eandal McDonald.

Bryce McLellan.

Bobert Means.

Andrew Simonton.

William Simonton.

William Slemons or Slemmons.

Bryce McLellan, who appears in the above list,
built a house in Falmouth in 1731. Through the
vicissitudes of fortune this house survived fire and
storm, Mowat's attack in 1775, and the ruthless
hand of progress, t standing on York Street after
every other house of its period had disappeared
from the present city of Portland.

Among the later Scotch Irish settlers at Falmouth
was John Motley, from Belfast in Ireland, who mar-
ried in 1738 Mary Boberts. A son settled in Boston,
where he became prominent; his descendant, John
Lothrop Motley, was the historian of the Nether-
lands.

1 So says Professor A. L. Perry. Proceedings Scotch Irish So-
ciety, 2d Congress, p. 135. He also includes William Gyles.

"This was probably the William Jameson who died at Rutland
in 1760, leaving a sister, Martha Reed, of County Antrim, Ireland.

XII

THE YEARS 1718 AND 1719 AT MERRY-
MEETING BAY

In a previous chapter the voyage of the ship
"Ma^aHum" was described, and it was made evi-
dent that her passengers from Londonderry settled
on lands at the Eastward. These lands skirted a
large body of water, known as Merrymeeting Bay,
which is formed by the Androscoggin River enter-
ing the Kennebec. Southack's map, covering this
region, bears the inscription, "An actual survey of
the sea coast from New York to the I. Cape Briton
. by Capt. Cyprian Southack. Printed and
sold by Wm. Herbert, London Bridge & Rob 1 Sayer
. . . Fleet Street.' ' On the land between
Brunswick and Maquoit Bay there is an inscription
which states that in the years 1718, 1719 and 1720
five hundred emigrants from Ireland had come to
settle ; the inscription reads :

"Kennebeck River very Long
strong Tydes with all its branches
Trade mostly is as yet Lumber
Fish small matter came from
the Kingdom of Ireland with
in three Year : 1720 five Hun-

216 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

dred Inhabitants and made
new Settlements for Farm-
ing and Lumber."

In the English Pilot, Part IV, London, 1737, the
map described as "The Harbour of Casco Bay, By
Cyprian Southicke,'' indicates a church and several
houses between Maquoit Bay and the Androscog-

*B*ooc/ Sovnd

Part of Southack's Map

gin River. 1 The words "Irish new settlement' '
show the character of the inhabitants.

By the depositions of David Dunning, Jane
McFadden, and her son Andrew, and John McPhe-
tre, we learn that some of the people who settled
here in 1718 "removed from Ireland to Boston, from
Boston down to Kennebec River and up Merry-
meeting Bay to a place called Cathance."

1 1 am indebted to Mr. John W. Farwell, Mr. Frederick L. Gay,
and Mr. John H. Edmonds for much information relating to early-
New England maps.

MERRYMEETING BAY 217

A summary of these depositions follows :

David Dunning, gentleman, of Brunswick, deposed
October 8, 1767, that on or about the year 1718 he
came first to Boston, and in the same vessel with
Andrew McFadden and his wife (now widow).
Soon after they came down together in the same ves-
sel to the eastern country, and lived in Brunswick
ever since 1718.

Jane McFadden of Georgetown, aged about
eighty-two, deposed June 19, 1766, that she with
her late husband, Andrew McFadden, lived in the
town of Garvo [Garvagh], County Derry, on the
Bann Water, Ireland, at a place called Summersett.
About forty-six years ago they removed from Ire-
land to Boston, from Boston down to the Kennebec
River and up Merrymeeting Bay to a place called
Cathance Point. 1

Andrew McFadden of Georgetown, aged fifty-
three, deposed June 22, 1768, that he was a son of the
above Andrew and Jane. Daniel McFadden of
Georgetown, aged forty-six, made a similar deposi-
tion. Other testimony shows that Andrew and Jane
had a daughter between Andrew and Daniel, born
on the Kennebec River. They christened her Sum-
mersett. 2

1 See Appendix III.

2 John Moore, living in Philadelphia in 1712, had a child of the
same name.

218 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEEES

John McPlietre of Georgetown, aged above sixty,
deposed Jnne 22, 1768, that he knew Summersett
place on the Bann Water, for he lived within about
five miles of it. 1

Colonel David Dunning was the son of Andrew
Dunning, who was born in 1664, and came with his
wife, Susan Bond, to the lower Kennebec, known
then as Georgetown in Maine. After a year Andrew
settled at Maquoit in Brunswick. He was a black-
smith, and died January 16, 1736, aged 72 years. His
children were James, Andrew, Eobert, William and
David. He and Andrew McFadden evidently were
able, thrifty settlers, not unlike those led by
McGregor, and they also were from the Bann Val-
ley.

But these were not the only early settlers on the
Kennebec. Captain Robert Temple came over to
Boston with his family and servants in the autumn
of 1717 to settle as a gentleman farmer. He visited
Connecticut and also the lands of the Pejepscot
Company about the Androscoggin River in Maine.
He much preferred, however, the lands on the east
side of the Kennebec, opposite the mouth of the An-
droscoggin. Upon his return to Boston he was
taken into the enterprise, and agreed to undertake
the transportation of settlers from Ireland. Tem-

1 Depositions given in the New England Historical and Genealog-
ical Register, Vol. 39, p. 184; taken from the Cumberland County
Court files by W. M. Sargent of Portland,

MERRYMEETING BAY 219

pie engaged two large ships in 1718, and three more
ships were chartered the next year. The Scotch
Irish whom he brought over settled on the east bank
of the Kennebec, between the present towns of Dres-
den and Woolwich. The land was called Cork. The
names of some of his people were : William Mont-
gomery, Caldwell, James Steel, David Steel,

McNut, James Rankin, William and James

Burns or Barns. 1 A few of the Temple colonists set-
tled in Topsham, opposite Brunswick, and several in
Cathance, now part of Bowdoinham, on the Kenne-
bec, south of Dresden. 2 Others, the larger part of
the several hundred who came under Temple, went
to New Hampshire and Pennsylvania to avoid the
wrath of Father Rasle and his Indians. Cork was
destroyed soon after.

The ships must have brought immigrants rapidly,
for Southack's map, published in London in 1720,
states that already five hundred had arrived, or
about one hundred families. The News-Letter for
August 17-24, 1719, prints an item from Piscataqua
dated August 21st, to the effect that Philip Bass had
arrived at the Kennebec River from Londonderry
with about two hundred passengers. Many of these
must have been friends of those who came in the

1 See an interesting paper on "The Transient Town of Cork," in
Maine Historical Society Collections, 2d Series, Vol. 4, p. 240.

2 The Rev. E. S. Stackpole has given me valuable aid on this
subject.

220 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

' ' Maccallum. ' ' We unfortunately have no record of
the arrival of ships in 1718 and 1719 at the month of
the Kennebec. Bnt not all the settlers there sailed
directly from Ireland; many came through the for-
ests or by sea from Falmouth, York, and Boston.
Perhaps the Spear and Harper families of Bruns-
wick had associations farther south, since David
Spear (from Coleraine) and James Harper, both of
the Connecticut Valley, were early settled in and
near Windsor.

The Rev. James Woodside had been preaching at
Garvagh, in the Bann Valley, since 1700. Wheeler,
in his history of Brunswick, 1 calls him a clergyman
of the Church of England ; but there is more signifi-
cance in the fact that we find him mentioned in Kil-
len's Congregations of the Presbyterian Church in
Ireland, as a Presbyterian minister at Garvagh.
Wind and tide drove him into Massachusetts Bay,
and he went with his flock to Casco Bay and on to
Brunswick, where they arrived in September, 1718.
Possibly his sympathies were with the English rit-
ual ; this might have made him unwelcome to some of
his Brunswick congregation and so given color to
the tradition that he was an Episcopalian.

The first reference to religion at Brunswick ap-

1 Mr. Wheeler in his History and also in an entertaining sketch
of Brunswick at the time of its incorporation (Pejepscot His-
torical Society Collections) is not always to be followed in
statements as to ancestry and year of immigration.

MERRYMEETING BAY 221

pears to be a petition to the General Court from
three Indians at Fort George, in October, 1717 ; and
in response to their desire the Rev. Joseph Baxter
was sent north from Medford to preach. In the
summer of 1718 Mr. Woodside, with from twenty-
five to forty families, reached Casco Bay from the
Irish Londonderry, or from "Derry Lough.' ' The
company went from Falmouth over land or by water
to Merrymeeting Bay, as described in the deposition
of Jane McFadden. Woodside appears to have set-
tled down, temporarily at least, with his family at
Falmouth. It is probable that the McGregor colony,
with the Rev. Mr. Cornwall, had not yet arrived at
Casco Bay, for they are known to have reached there
in cold weather. Furthermore, Mr. Cornwall dined
in Boston with Judge Sewall as late as October 16,
1718, and as he probably sailed with the rest of his
party, the departure was no doubt as late as the end
of October.

The settlers at Brunswick, having been without
Mr. Baxter's ministrations for six months, voted in
town meeting November 3, 1718, to call Mr. Wood-
side from Falmouth. The vote touches upon several
details of interest, and it is given here: "Att a
Leagual Town meeting in Brunswick Novm ber 3 d
1718, It was Voted That whereas the Proprietors of
S d Township in their paternal Care for our Spiritual
Good, have by there Joynt Letter Sought to y e Rev-
erend M r . James Woodside to be our Minister & in

222 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

order there to proposed Conditions for his Settle-
ment on their part, Wee the Inhabitance of Bruns-
wick will Give Fourty pounds pr annum toward y e
support of y e s d Mr. Woodside & a Sum in propor-
tion there to from this time untill May next (if he
Come to us) & God in his providence Should Then
part us.

"It was also at this meeting Voted That M r Bax-
ters house on y e 6 th Lott in Brunswick Be forthwith
made habitable for y e s d Mr. Woodside. That y e
Charges there of y e Transporting him & his f amoly
from Falmouth to Brunswick be paid Equally by us
V s inhabitance of s d Brunswick & y l Capt Gyles is
here by impowered to se y e Buisness effected.

Joseph Heath Town C lk ' n

In January, 1719, Cotton Mather wrote letters to
the Scotch ministers at the Eastward to give them
courage. Mr. Woodside certainly needed this en-
couragement, for matters went ill with him there.
In May the town voted to continue Mr. Woodside 's
services for six months, "provided those of us who
are Dissatisfied with his Conversation (as afore
Said) Can by Treating with him as becomes Chris-
tians receive Such Sattisfaction from him as that
they will heare him preach for y e Time afore s d ."
Mr. Wheeler takes " Conversation' ' to mean charac-
ter. Possibly deportment or habits would come a

1 Wheeler's Brunswick, p. 354.

MEEEYMEETING BAY 223

little nearer, although in another place Wheeler says
the trouble was that he was not puritanical enough.
Mather, in 1716, writing to a friend in Scotland,
spoke of the transplanted clergy as too often "of a
disdainful carriage," and of an "expression full of
a levity not usual among o r ministers." The town
voted September 10, 1719, to pay Mr. Woodside to
that date and to dismiss him. In 1721 the Eev. Isaac
Taylor, an assistant to the Eev. Samuel Haliday at
Ardstraw, County Tyrone, came over. He could not
have remained long, for in 1729 he was at Ardstraw,
and had conformed to the Church of England. In
1722 he lent money to the McFarlands, probably
those who were later of Boothbay, to pay their pas-
sage across the Atlantic.

The Eev. James Woodside returned to Boston,
and on January 25, 1720, Mather writes that "poor
Mr. Woodside, after many and grievous calamities
in this uneasy country, is this week taking ship for
London." He obtained credentials from the Eev.
Cotton Mather, and a note of recommendation from
the governor. Mather's letter reads :

"Boston, New England
"Jan 14, 1720

"Concerning the Eeverend Mr. James Woodside
the Bearer hereof, we have been informed That ar-
riving with other good people to the Eastern parts
of New England from the Northern parts of Ireland

224 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

with ample recommendation [f] from the presber-
tery of Ronte 1 in the year 1718 he had invitations
to settle at several places, bnt chose a settlement at a
New Town called Brunsivick: Declaring that he had
in his view the instrnction of the Eastern Salvages
(which he Chould have near unto him) in the primi-
tive and Reformed Christianity. In the progres-
sion [of] that Excellent service we have been in-
formed."

Woodside 's son, Captain William, remained in
Brunswick, where he became prominent. Captain
Woodside had the ready wit and resource of his
people. He once agreed to outrun a very fleet In-
dian if the savage would when defeated give him a
fur robe. The Indian was delighted with the plan,
since Woodside's corpulent figure was, known far
and wide to be slow of movement. A great crowd
gathered at the appointed time and place, and the
trial began. The captain ran so awkwardly and
perspired so freely that the entire company, includ-
ing his rival, broke into continual roars of laughter.
The Indian remained near the captain to enjoy the
fun, and so far forgot his part in the sport that the
captain, with a final burst of speed, came home a
winner before anyone recalled the fact that he was
a competitor.

In 1723 the Rev. Mr. Woodside sent a very inter-

1 "Above these [i. e. The Glinnes] as far as the river Bann,
the country is called Rowte." — Camden's Britannia, 1722, p. 1406.

MEPKYMEETING BAY 225

esting petition to the king in council, which tells„of
the family misfortunes i 1

"To the Kings most Excellent Majesty in Council
The humble Memorial & Petition of James
Woodside late Minister of the Gospel, at
Brunswick, in New England.

"Sheweth

* ' That he with 40 Familys, consisting of above 160
Persons did in the Year 1718 embarque on a ship at
Derry Lough in Ireland in Order to erect a Colony
at Casco Bay, in Your Majestys Province of Main
in New England.

"That being arriv'd they made a settlement at a
Place called by the Indians Pegipscot, but by them
Brunswick, within 4 miles from Fort George, where
(after he had laid out a considerable sum upon a
Garrison House, fortify 'd with Palisadoes, & two
large Bastions, had also made great Improvements,
& laid out considerably for the Benefit of that Infant
Colony) the Inhabitants were surpriz'd by the In-
dians who in the Month of July 1722 came down in
great Numbers to murder Your Majesty's good Sub-
jects there.

"That upon this Surprize the Inhabitants, naked
& destitute of Provisions run for shelter into your
Pet. rs House (which is still defended by his sons)

1 From Maine Historical Society Collections. Baxter Mss.,
Vol. X, p. 163. Original in the Rolls office, London.

226 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

where they were kindly receivd, provided for, &
protected from the rebel Indians.

"That the S a Indians being happily prevented
from murdering Yonr Majesty's good Subjects (in
Revenge to your Pet. r ) presently kill'd all his Cattel,
destroying all the Moveables, & Provisions they
could come at, & as Your Pet r had a very consider-
able Stock of Cattel he & his Family were great suf-
ferers thereby, as may appear by a Certificate of the
Grovernour of that Province a Copy whereof is here-
unto annexed.

"Your Pet r therefore most humbly begs that in
Regard to his great undertaking, his great Losses
& sufferings, the Service done to the Publicke in sav-
ing the Lives of many of Your Majesty's Subjects,
"the unshak[en] Loyalty & undaunted Courage of his
Sons, who still defend the S d Garrison. Your Maj-
esty in Councel will be pleas 'd to provide for him,
his Wife & Daughter here or grant him the Post of
M r . Cummins, a Searcher of Ships in the Harbour
of Boston N England, lately deceas'd that so his
Family, reduced to very low Circumstances may be
resettled, & his losses repair 'd where they were sus-
tain 'd.

& Your Pet r shall ever pray &c. ' '

"I do hereby certifie that the Rev. d M r . Woodside
went over from Ireland to New England with a con-
siderable Number of People, that he & they sate

MERRYMEETING BAY 227

down to plant in a Place they called Brunswick in
the Eastern Parts of New England there he bnilt a
Garrison House, which was the Means of saving the
Lives of many of his People in the late Insurrection
of the Indians in July last. That his Generosity is
taken Notice of by both Doctors Mathers & that the
Indians cutt off all his Cattle, whereby he and his
Family are great Sufferers

Samuel Shute
1 i Copia vera

"London June 25, 1723

14 E: Memorial & Petition of James Woodside
to His Most Excellent Majesty in Councel.
June 1723"

During these days of Indian warfare, pillage and
reprisal, men were impressed for sentinel duty, and
distributed in small groups at garrison houses
throughout the frontier towns in Maine, which was
then under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts. One
of the unpleasant experiences of young Scotch Irish-
men was to be met in the street by an officer and his
attendants, and forced into military service. Many
fell sick under the strain of such a life in the Maine
woods, and through rough usage at the hands of
officers. This ill-treatment fell heaviest upon the
' ' Irish, ' ' and particularly at the outset of the Indian
troubles. A case is on .record of a Scotch Irish im-
pressed soldier returning weak and crippled to the

228 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

place of his enlistment with no attempt at conceal-
ment, and because he conld not produce papers to
show his discharge, he was whipped at the cart's
tail, and kept in jail until the Sheriff was moved
through pity to ask for his release. Not until one
half the force at the front had disappeared through
illness and desertion did the Governor take the
matter in hand. A committee then visited the fron-
tier and brought back an unpleasant account of
garrison life in such places as Brunswick.

With the coming of militant Indians the colonists
fled, some to the New Hampshire Londonderry or to
Worcester, and many to Pennsylvania, leaving few
traces of their sojourn in Maine. William Willis,
editor of Smith and Deane 's Journals, has attempted
to gather the names of these early settlers. The
Eev. Everett S. Stackpole, a student of the subject,
suggests the addition of those whose surnames ap-
pear between brackets :

[Andrew] McFadden Ward

MeGowen [David] Given

[William?] Vincent [Andrew] Dunning
[John?] Hamilton [William] Simpson

Johnston [David Alexander and son]

[John?] Malcome [William Alexander]

McLellan [James Wilson]

Crawford [James McFarland]

Graves [George Cunningham]

MERRYMEETING BAY 229

[Robert Lithgow] [David Ross]

[John Welch] [William Craigie]

[John Yonng]

The last four men Welch, 1 Ross, Craigie and
Young, witnessed a deposition at Brunswick Sep-
tember 4, 1718. 2 If they were Scotch Irish they
might have come in July or August, but it seems
most natural to place them with John Barbour at
York where Scotchmen had lived since Cromwell's
wars in 1650. Possibly they did not have any con-
nection with the Scotch Irish movement.

At the outbreak of Dummer's war many Bruns-
wick settlers sailed for Boston, and suffered the
customary formality of being warned out of town.
Lists of these have the virtue of being well within
the field of verity. The settlers thus recorded un-
doubtedly came from the Kennebec country or settle-
ments adjoining, and nearly all of these were Scotch
Irish. The date at the left shows when the record of
warning was reported to the selectmen in Boston.

July 25, 1719 :

Mary Banerlen, a widd° w th 6 Children who
came from Bronswick into this Town on ye e
22 th of July.

1 See Monmouth, Maine.

2 York deeds, Vol. 9, folio 238.

230 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

October 24, 1719 :

John Clark w th his wife & five children who
came from Merrymeeting bay.
October 24, 1719 :

John Gray w th his wife & five Children
John Newel w th his wife & three Children
Eobert Tark w th his wife & three Children who
all came into this Town from Berwick in a
sloop Thomas Bell mast r
James Dixwell & James Wallis husb d men who

arrived here from y e Eastward
Susanna Gate who Saves She came from the
Eastw d
July 22, 1720:

Eliz a Eylee from Arrowsack.
October 28, 1720:

Jean Hall & child from Piscattiqna.
January 27, 1721/22 :

Humphry Taylor Wife & Six Children from

Smal point, warned Aug. 7th.
Jean Sper & three Children from the East-
ward, warned August 5th.
Mary Shertwell from Arowshick
John Miller from Misconges
July 28, 1722 from the Eastward viz. 1 [the following
who from their names, notably that of McFar-
land, evidently came from about Merrymeeting
Bay.]

Jean Hunter with Two Children

MERRYMEETING BAY 231

Katherin Carter with & 3 Children

Jean Wilson with 4 Children
Sundry from the Eastward viz 1

Andrew Macf aden wife & 6 Children

Isaac Hunter wife & 2 Children

Alexan r wife and 4 Children

James Johnson wife & 4 Children

John Nelson wife & 2 Children

Mathew Acheson wife & 2 Children

Andrew Rogers

Robert Rowland

Samuel f orgeson

William Hambleton
November 6, 1722. A List of Sundry Persons
Brought from Brunswick, Topsham and Towns
adjacent at the Eastward parts by Thomas San-
ders, and warned to depart the Town of Boston,
as the Law directs, August the 12 th 1722. viz 1 .

Charles Stuart Susan Lithgoe

Hanna Stuart Will" 1 Lithgoe

Hana Stuart Jean Lithgoe

Sam 11 Stuart Susan Lithgoe

Henry Stuart James Ross 1

Moses Harper Jenet Ross

Mary Harper Eliza th Ross

Jenat Harper Mary Ross

Robert Lithgoe Isb 11 Ross

1 Wheeler thinks he was not Scotch Irish.

232

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

John Ross
Mary Thorn
Thomas Thorn
Hugh Minsy [Menzies?]
Sarah Minsy
John Young
Katherine Young
Margaret Young
Mary Young
Easter Young
Sarah Young
James Harper
James Miller
Margaret Wadburn
Mary Wadburn
George Wadburn
David Evins
Will m Evins
Thomas Rogers
Eliza th Rogers
Isabella Rogers
John Hamilton
John Hamilton

James Beverly
Agnus Beverly
James Beverly
Sam 11 Beverly
Joseph Beverly
Mary Smith
John Smith
Aubia Smith
Mathew Smith
Robert Wallis
Martha Wallis
John Wallis
Anbah Wallis
Jonas Stanwood 1
Sam 11 Stanwood 1
David Stanwood 1
M r Salter
Mary Salter
Thomas Salter
Mary Salter
M r Swwanan &

Maid
M r Cary & wif

James Rodgers
April 26, 1723:.

Daniel Hunter & His Wife
James Savage His Wife & five Children-
Irish people from Smal Point. Ap r 10 th .

*Not Scotch Irish.

MEREYMEETING BAY 233

October 28, 1723:

Tho. Hogg his wife & Two Children from
Arowshick.
June 29, 1724:

Mary Thomas & one Child from St. Georges.

We may summarize the Merrymeeting Bay Scotch
Irish settlers of 1718-1722 somewhat in this way, us-
ing Wheeler's list of early settlers, pages 865-874;
the warnings above; and various facts found else-
where. Some names are no doubt English, but as
yet they cannot safely be eliminated.

Merrymeeting Bay Scotch Irish Settlers, 1718-1722.

Matthew Acheson, wife and two children

Alexander, wife and four children

David Alexander and son

William Alexander

Mary Banerlen, widow, and six children

James and William Barns or Burns

Agnes Beverly

James Beverly

Joseph Beverly

Samuel Beverly

Calwell

Katherine Carter and three children

Cary and wife

John Clark, wife and five children

234 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

John Cochran

Selectman at Brunswick in 1719? " Ireland "
in mnster roll
William Craigie

At Brunswick September 4, 1718

Crawford

George Cunningham
James Dixwell
Andrew Dunning

"Ireland" in muster roll
David Evans
John Evans
William Evans
Samuel Ferguson

Alexander and James Ferguson were at Kit-
tery in 1711
Thomas Fleming
David Given or Giveen
John Graves

John Gray, wife and five children
Jean Hall and child
John Hamilton

Abel and Gabriel Hamilton at Berwick in
1711
Patrick Hamilton
Robert Hamilton
Robert Hamilton, Jr.
William Hamilton
William Hands ard

MEBRYMEETING- BAY 235

James Harper

"Ireland" in mnster roll
Jenet Harper
Joseph Harper
Mary Harper •
Moses Harper
William Harper
Thomas Hogg, wife and two children ; from Ar-

rowsic, 1723
?Adam Hnnter
Daniel Hnnter and wife

"Irish people from Smal point/ ' 1723
Isaac Hnnter, wife and two children
James Hnnter

Jean Hunter and two children
John Hunter

James Johnson, wife and four children
Jean Lithgow
Robert Lithgow
Susan Lithgow
William Lithgow

Andrew McFadden, wife and six children
James McFarland

McGowen

McNut

John Malcom
James Miller
John Miller

From Miscongus

236 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

Dr Hugh Minnery or Minory
Hugh Minsy
Sarah Minsy
Henry Mitchell

" Ireland' ' in muster roll-
Hugh Mitchell

" Ireland' ' in muster roll
William Montgomery
John Nelson, wife and two children
John Newel, wife and three children
James Rankin
Elizabeth Riley

From Arrowic
Andrew Rogers
Elizabeth Rogers
Isabella Rogers
James Rogers
Thomas Rogers
David Ross
Elizabeth Ross
Isabella Ross
James Ross
Jenet Ross
John Ross
Mary Ross
Robert Rowland

Mr Salter

Mary Salter
Thomas Salter

MERRYMEETING BAY 237

James Savage, wife and five children
"Irish people from Smal point/ ' 1723

Mary Shertwell
From Arrowsic

William Simpson

Anbia Smith

James Smith

John Smith

Mary Smith

Matthew Smith

Jean Spear and three children

David and James Steel

James Stinson or Stevenson
" Ireland " in muster roll

John Stinson

Robert Stinson

Charles Stnart

Hannah Stnart

Henry Stnart

Samnel Stnart

William Tailer

Robert Tark, wife and three children

Humphrey Taylor, wife and six children
From Small Point

Mary Thomas and one child
From Saint Georges, 1724

Peter Thompson

Mary Thorn

Thomas Thorn

238 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

James Thornton

Thomas Tregoweth

John Vincent

Anbah Wallis

Daniel Wallis

James Wallis

John Wallis

Martha Wallis

Robert Wallis

Ward

John Welch

James Wilson

Jean Wilson and four children

George Woodbnrn

Margaret Woodbnrn

Mary Woodburn

Samnel York

Easter Young

John Young

Katherine Young

Margaret Young

Mary Young

Sarah Young
These are the settlers who fulfilled the Rev. Cotton
Mather's dream of a line of emigrant outposts.
They suffered grievous hardships, but who shall say
that they and theirs did not in the fulness of time
reap a just reward of prosperity, influence and
honor ?

CHAPTER XIII
NITTFIELD AND LONDONDERRY, 1719-1720

The Scotch Irish petition, signed in Ireland, bears
the date "this 26th day of March, Annoq. Dom.
1718," a few weeks only before the Rev. Mr. Boyd
set sail for New England, where he arrived about
July 25th. While his friends were crossing the
ocean, Mr. Boyd endeavored to interest Governor
Shnte, Judge Sewall and the Rev. Cotton Mather in
their behalf. Evidently he could do little more in
Boston than call upon persons of influence before his
flock came into the harbor.

We have seen that many of the settlers went to the
frontier settlement at Worcester, and still others to
Casco Bay, where Governor Shute was endeavoring
to foster the growth of Falmouth. James Smith
went to Needham, Walter Beath to Lunenburg, and
Matthew Watson to Leicester, although it is not al-
ways possible to say that these or others went imme-
diately to the towns where they eventually settled.
The followers of the two clergymen, Boyd and Mc-
Gregor, desired a grant of land which they might
control rather than permission to settle among the
old stock that had founded the colony. These men
remained in Boston while negotiations went on. The

240 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Rev. Mr. McGregor and Archibald Boyd, 1 perhaps
a brother of the clergyman of that name, sent the
following petition to the General Court:

"A Petition of Archibald Boyd, James MacGreg-
ory & sundry others Setting forth that the Petition-
ers being under very discouraging circumstances in
their own Countrey (viz. the Kingdom of Ireland) as
well on the Account of Religion, as the Severity of
their Rents & Taxes ; & having h'eard of the great
"Willingness to encourage any of his Majestys Prot-
estant & loyal Subjects of sober conversation to set-
tle within this Province they have this last Sum-
mer, with their Families, undertaken a long & haz-
zardous Voyage to the sd Parts & are now residing
in & about Boston, & have been waiting the Meeting
of this Hon ble Assembly: And Praying that the Court
would be pleased to grant unto them a convenient
Tract of their wast Land, in such Place as they shall
think fit, where they may without Loss of time, settle
themselves & their Families, as over forty more
Families who will come from Ireland as soon as they
hear of their obtaining Land for Township; which
they apprehend will be of great Advantage to this
Country by strengthening the Frontiers & out Parts
& making Provisions Cheaper.

"In the House of Represent ves October 31, 1718:
Read and Committed. In Council; Read."

*A Rev. Archibald Boyd, of Maghera, ordained October 28,
1703, was "set aside" in 1716.

LONDONDERRY 241

The above petition shows that the rigorous laws
relating to religion, and the rise in rents and taxes
abont Coleraine in Ireland, brought about the Scotch
Irish migration. The reference to forty families
soon to follow may indicate some connection in the
plans of the McGregor company and the Rev. James
Woodside's party which finally settled at Bruns-
wick. The petition was granted November 20, 1718,
and a committee of six was appointed to lay out a
town for the people from Ireland. It was to be six
miles square, of unappropriated lands "in the East-
ern parts.' ! Eighty house lots were to be laid out in
a defensible manner, and not exceeding one hundred
acres more to each lot. When forty lots had been
taken the owners would manage all their own pru-
dential affairs, and upon the settlement of eighty
families they could then dispose of common lands.
With true New England spirit, provision was made
for two hundred and fifty acres to be set aside for
the ministry before any other allotments were made,
and a like amount for a school. 1

Parker states that the company which passed the
winter of 1718-19 on shipboard in Casco Bay ex-
plored the country to the eastward, and finding noth-
ing satisfactory that had not been claimed they as-
cended the Merrimac to Haverhill, April 2, 1719 ; at
this point they were told of a fertile tract of land
covered with nut trees, lying about fourteen miles

1 Province Laws, 1718-19, Chapters 99, 104.

242 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

north west of the meeting-house at Haverhill. Leav-
ing their families there, or across the river at Brad-
ford, the men of the party, James McKeen, Captain
James Gregg and others, at once mounted horses
and rode over to examine the land. They found it
satisfactory and named the place Nuffield, on ac-
count of the trees growing there. They remained
to build # a few temporary huts near a small tribu-
tary of Beaver Brook, which they called West-run-
ning Brook. They then returned to Haverhill for
their wives and children. Those who had remained
on the south side of the Merrimac at Bradford or
Andover crossed over the river in boats. The
Haverhill rabble had no love for the " Irish," and
greeted them with jeers and ridicule. When near-
ing the shore for a landing one of the boats turned
over, so that women and children were thrown into
the water. This afforded boundless delight to the
onlookers, and at last inspired a local bard, who

"Then they began to scream and bawl,
And if the devil had spread his net
He would have made a glorious haul. ' "

Several of the company went to Nuffield by way
of Dracut, a town near the mouth of Beaver Brook,
where it joins the Merrimac. They met the Rev.

1 B. L. Mirick's Haverhill, 1832, pp. 140-141.

LONDONDERRY 243

Mr. McGregor and asked him to go with them. The
two parties journeying to Nutfield met on April
11th, at the little hill where the men had on the pre-
vious visit tied their horses. This happy and mem-
orable occasion was made impressive by an address
from the Rev. Mr. McGregor. He congratulated his
friends on the termination of their wanderings after
enduring the perils of a voyage across the ocean and
a pitiless winter. He besought them to be stead-
fast in their faith in the midst of a strange people
and unknown dangers.

Before he returned to Dracut the next day he
preached from Isaiah xxxii. 2, "And a man shall be
a hiding-place from the wind, and a covert from the
tempest; as rivers of water in a dry place; as the
shadow of a great rock in a weary land. ' ' He stood
under a large oak tree, east of Beaver Pond and
within sight of the first rude cabins of his people,
who now gathered round him. His tall figure was
erect and commanding, his dark face serene and
strong. It was a time for courage and for prayer.
They had come over the sea to escape persecution
and had met everywhere in the new world intol-
erance and distrust. They had not only to subdue
the wilderness but to kindle a brotherly Christian
spirit in the grandsons of those who founded Ply-
mouth and Boston.

The settlers decided to build on either side of
West-running Brook, each home lot to be thirty rods

244 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

wide, fronting the brook, and extending back from
the bank to a distance sufficient to make each lot
contain sixty acres. In this way they were able for
a few years to live in a close commnnity as a pro-
tection from the Indians. Two stone garrison houses
were built for further safety, although as it hap-
pened the town was never attacked, and one man,
James Blair, never sought their sheltering walls.

There is a tradition that this immunity from In-
dian assault was due to a bond of friendship between
McGregor and Philippe, Marquis de Vaudreuil, Gov-
ernor-general of Canada. It has been said that the
two men, the Catholic nobleman and the Protestant
commoner, attended the same college. The improb-
ability of the story is apparent, although some form
of intercourse between the two may be inferred
from the fact that a manuscript sermon in McGreg-
or's hand bears on the margin Vaudreuil's name
and titles. The following paragraph in SewalPs
Diary, under date of March 5, 1718-19, refers . to
news obtained by Boyd, possibly from a letter writ-
ten by Vaudreuil, although there is not the slightest
evidence that it was sent to McGregor. The passage
reads: "Mr. Boyd dines with me: he says there is
a Report in the Town that Gov r Vandrel [Vaudreuil]
has written that he can no longer keep back the In-
dians from War. ' '

In these days of hewing and building at Nutfield
we get a pleasant bit of humor in the story of the

V\.

r ■ ■■ W
(

V^^M'" ; | l' j

454 1.1'V 11 .' ill

\

p.

LONDONDERRY 247

construction of John Morison's log cabin. John
was at work on the bank of West-running Brook,
selecting from his pile of logs those that he pre-
ferred for front wall and for sides, and those best
suited for beams to support the roof. His wife
Margaret, engrossed by her share of the home du-
ties, nevertheless found time to watch his progress
and also to cast an eye about upon the work being
done by other women's husbands. As the cabin
grew she' became anxious, and approaching him in
a manner unusually affectionate she said: "Aweel,
aweel, dear Joan, an it maun be a loghouse, do make
it a log heegher nor the lave" (higher than the rest).
It was her grandson, Jeremiah Smith, whose inheri-
ted desire to excel made him a member of Congress
and chief justice of his state.

But there was in these settlers something more
vital than even a proper pride. They were every-
where devout. When a religious organization was
needed the Bann company at once thought of the
Rev. Mr. McGregor. He accepted their invitation
to settle at Nutfield and in May, 1719, removed with
his family from Dracut to the new village. This
must have been a contrast indeed, leaving the well-
established town for a large field covered with
stumps of trees, intersected by a brook, and dotted
with log cabins. But between the stumps potatoes
and beans and barley grew, and where the smoke
curled from the clay chimneys he knew that there

248 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

lie should recognize voices, and should meet eyes
that were familiar with Coleraine in old Ireland,
with the Salmon Leap, the Giant's Causeway, Boyd's
mountain, and even with God's house in far-away
Aghadowey church-yard. There he had been known
as the "Peace-maker," and he lived to be revered
anew in his New England home.

The settlement had been made at Nutfield under
the impression that the lands were in Massachusetts,
but in May, 1719, the General Court decided that
New Hampshire had jurisdiction over them. James
Gregg and Robert Wear, in behalf of the Scotch
Irish at Nutfield, then asked the governor and court
assembled at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, for a
township ten miles square. Meanwhile, to obtain a
title to the lands of Nutfield, which were claimed by
several persons, they applied to Colonel John Wheel-
wright, the chief claimant. By virtue of a deed or
grant made to his grandfather and others by repre-
sentatives of all the Indians between the Merrimac
and the Piscataqua, the colonel held a title which
commanded attention. His deed to James McGregor,
Samuel Graves, David Cargill, James McKeen,
James Gregg, "and one hundred more" was dated
October 20, 1719. 1

Lieutenant-Governor Wentworth, on account of a
dispute as to the title, refused to make a grant, but
by advice of his council extended to the people the

1 See Parker's Londonderry, page 321.

LONDONDERRY 249

benefits of government and appointed James
McKeen a justice of the peace and Robert Wear a
sheriff. The petition 1 reads: "The Hnmble peti-
tion of the People late of Ireland now settled at Nut-
field to his Excellency the Governor and General
Court assembled at Portsmouth Sep 1 23 d 1719.

"Humbly Sheweth, That your Petitioners having
made application to the General Court met at Bos-
ton in October last 2 and having obtained a grant for
a Township in any part of their unappropriated
lands took incouragement thereupon to^ settle at
Nuffield about the Eleventh of Aprile last which is
situated by Estimation about fourteen miles from
Haverel meeting House to the North West and fif-
teen miles from Dracut meeting House on the River
merrimack north and by East. That your petition-
ers since their settlement have found that the said
Nuffield is claimed by three or four different parties
by virtue of Indian Deeds, yet none of them offered
any disturbance to your petitioners except one party
from Newbury and Salem. Their Deed from one
John Indian bears date March the 13th Anno Dom :
1701 and imports that they had made a purchase of
the said land for ^.ve pounds, by virtue of this deed
they claim ten miles square Westward from Haverel

*New Hampshire Town Papers, Vol. IX, p. 480.

2 The petition from John Armstrong at Falmouth was not
granted. That from Archibald Boyd led to the grant of a town-
ship, and so appears to be the one here referred to.

250 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

line and one Caleb Moody of Newbury in their name
discharged our People from clearing or any wais
improving the said land unless we agreed that
twenty or five and twenty families at most should
dwell there and that all the rest of the land should
be reserved for them.

"That your petitioners by reading the Grant of
the Crown of Great Britain to the Province of the
Massachusetts bay, which determineth their north-
ern line three miles from the River merrimack from
any and every part of the River and by advise from
such as were more capable to judge of this Affair,
are Satisfied that the said Nutfield is within his
Majesties Province of New Hampshire which we are
further Confirmed in, because the General Court met
at Boston in May last, upon our renewed application
did not think fit any way to intermeddle with the
said land.

' ' That your petitioners therefore imbrace this op-
portunity of addressing this honorable Court, pray-
ing that their Township may consist of ten miles
square or in a figure Equivalent to it, they being al-
ready in number about seventy Families & Inhabi-
/" tants and more of their friends arrived from Ireland
to settle with them, and many of the people of New
England settling with them, and that they being so
numerous may be Erected into a Township with its
usual Priviledges and have a power of making Town
Officers and Laws, that being a frontier place they

LONDONDERRY 251

may the better subsist by Government amongst them,
and may be more strong and full of Inhabitants :

' ' That your Petitioners being descended from and
professing the Faith and Principles of the Establist
Church of North Britain and Loyal Subjects of the
British Crown in the family of his Majesty King
George and incouraged by the happy administration
of his Majesties Chief Governour in these provinces
and the favourable inclinations of the good people
of New England to their Brethren adventuring to
come over and plant in this vast Wilderness, humbly
Expect a favorable answer from this honourable
Court and your Petitioners as in duty bound shall
ever pray &c, Subscribed at Nutfield in the name
of your people Sep 4 y e 21 st 1719

" James Gregg
"Robertt Wear"

Nutfield was incorporated as the town of London-
derry in June, 1722, and an interesting list of pro-
prietors was appended to the act. 1

It would be fruitless to follow longer the fortunes
of the New Hampshire Londonderry, since Parker
has written the story in all its detail. The people
throve and multiplied, they tilled the soil, fished at
the Amoskeag falls, and made linens and hollands
that became known far and wide.

1 See Parker's Londonderry, pp. 322-326 ; also New Hampshire
Town Papers, Vol. IX, p. 484.

252 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

It is said by Parker that sixteen men with their
families first settled on the " common field' ' about
the month of West-rnnning Brook. Perhaps they
should be defined 1 as the immediate friends of Mr.
McGregor. The town in December, 1719, voted to
grant a lot to each of "the first Comers to the town
which is the number of twenty." The sixteen men
were:

James McKeen, of Ballymoney, 2 County Antrim: he
married 1st Janet Cochran, 2d Annis Cargill. His
daughter married James Nesmith. He died No-
vember 9, 1756, at the age of 91 years.
James Gregg, of Macosquin, County Londonderry:
he married Janet Cargill, sister of Mrs. McKeen
above and of Mrs. James McGregor.
John Barnett, Captain, and Jean his wife. Their
children are mentioned in the records as early as
1722. He died in 1740 at the age of 86. Jean or
Janet was the widow of John McKeen, a brother
of James McKeen.
Archibald Clendenin, and Miriam his wife. Their
children are given in the birth records as early as
1720.

1 "More strictly defined as members of Rev. James McGregor's
congregation." — Willey's Nutfield, p. 91.

2 The townland of Ballynacree in the parish of Ballymoney was
also a center of Quaker influence. From the 'Ballynacree
monthly meetings there went out to Pennsylvania Daniel, Andrew
and Alexander Moore, William McCool, Samuel Beverly, Samuel
Miller, John Boyd and Thomas McMillan.

LONDONDERRY 253

John Mitchell, Captain, died in 1776, aged 80. His
wife Eleanor died in 1771, aged 74.

James Sterrett, of whom little is known. His home
lot was isolated, and next to it he had a grant of
80 acres laid ont in 1729.

James Anderson, and Mary his wife. Their children
are mentioned as early as 1720. He died in 1771,
aged 88. His grand-daughter Alice married the
Rev. Joseph McKeen, first president of Bowdoin
College, grandson of James McKeen.

Allen Anderson, married a daughter of Hugh Ran-
kin but died childless. Land was laid out to him
in 1728.

Randal Alexander, and Jenet his wife. Their chil-
dren are mentioned on the birth records. He died
in 1770, aged 83. The "Randal" in Scotch Irish
names came from the great Earl of Antrim.

James Clark, and Elizabeth his wife, had a child
whose birth is recorded in 1726. He became a
deacon, and had four sons and a daughter.

James Nesmith, married Elizabeth, daughter of
James McKeen. He died in 1767, aged 75. She
died in 1763, at the age of 67.

Robert Weir or Wear, and Martha his wife. A
daughter Elizabeth was born in 1723.

John Moris on, and Margaret his wife. He died in
Peterborough in 1776, aged 98. She died in 1769,
aged 82.

Samuel Allison, and Catherine his wife. Their

254 SCOTCH' IEISH PIONEERS

children are mentioned as early as 1721. He died

in 1760, at the age of 70.
Thomas Steele, married Martha Morison, sister of

John Morison above. He died in 1748, aged 65.

She died in 1759, aged 73.
John Stuart, and Jean his wife.

The records speak of twenty "first comers," so
that we should, perhaps, add four others to the above
list. These might be Goffe, Graves, Simonds and
Keyes, or the first two, with the Rev. Mr. McGregor
and a fourth. At best we can only offer a surmise.

With the sixteen settlers should be associated the
Rev. James McGregor who married Marion Cargill,
the sister of Mrs. McKeen and Mrs. James Gregg.
These people were all from the banks of the Bann
River, or the Bann Water, as it was called, and had
ties of blood or social intercourse to hold them
together. James McKeen and his brother John were
in business together at Ballymoney, 1 county Antrim,
in 1718, and had prospered. They determined to
emigrate to America, influenced perhaps by James 's
brother-in-law McGregor who felt keenly the effects
of commercial depression and religious strife in Ire-

1 The accompanying sketch of Ballymoney, reconstructed from
a plan, shows its four streets. In the foreground is Meeting
House Lane, with the Gate Cabin (near Gate End and the Castle)
at the extreme left, and Fort Cabin at the right, with the Meet-
ing House opposite to it. The Main Street leads to Coleraine.
From it to the right is Church Street; to the left is Piper's
Eow, with the Market on the corner.

~W M

LONDONDERRY 257

land. 1 John McKeen died a short time before the
ship was to sail; but his widow with her four chil-
dren continued with the party, which was evidently
composed of families allied by marriage or closely
associated with the McKeen business interests in
Ballymoney, or with the Rev. Mr. McGregor's reli-
gious life across the Bann at Aghadowey and Ma-
cosquin. We are not surprised therefore to hear
that McKeen 's daughter said to her granddaughter
one day that " James McKeen, having disposed of
his property embarked with his preacher, Rev.
James McGregor and sixteen others, who had bound
themselves to him for a certain time to pay for their
passage to America. ,,2 He no doubt engaged the
ship and became responsible for most of the expense
of the enterprise.

The news that the Scotch Irish were to have a tract
of land ten miles square for a town of their own soon
attracted settlers from Boston, Worcester, and Fal-
mouth. In September, 1719, there were seventy fam-
ilies at Nutfield, not all, however, of Scotch Irish con-
nection. The list of proprietors of Londonderry in
1722 records about one hundred Scotch Irish land
owners, and also several of English descent, John
Wheelwright, Benning Wentworth, Richard Wal-

1 His parish had become poor and his salary was greatly in
arrears.

2 Mrs. Thorn's statement, L. A. Morrison's Dinsmoor Family,
Lowell, 1891, p. 41.

258 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

dron, Edward Proctor, Benjamin and Joseph
Kidder. •

It is difficult to name the seventy families who set-
tled at Nutfield before September, 1719 ; there must
have been in addition to the sixteen original fam-
ilies at least twenty five who came during the sum-
mer of 1719. Some of these twenty five or more we
know: others are to be found probably in the list
of proprietors of 1722. 1 One might name :

David Cargill, a selectman in 1719 ; he may have
been the father of Mrs. McKeen, Mrs. Gregg and
Mrs. McGregor: he was elected as the first select-
man, a courtesy perhaps to his distinguished sons-
in-law, for he served but one year. He had been a
Ruling Elder of the church in Aghadowey, Ireland,
and died in 1734, at the age of 73. His wife Jenet
survived him for eleven years.

Alexander McMurphy, mentioned very early. His
son John was a Justice of the Peace, and the town's
first representative. 2

James Reid, a graduate of the University of Edin-
burgh; among the first settlers, and prominent. He
died in 1755, at the age of sixty.

John Wallace, who came in 1719 or 1720, and mar-
ried in 1721 Annis Barnett. They had four sons and
four daughters.

1 1 am indebted to Mrs. Charles F. White, Mrs. Henry S. Tufts
and Miss Virginia Hall for many genealogical facts of value in
connection with these families.

2 See Willey's Nutfield, p. 231.

LONDONDERRY 259

Abkaham Holmes's Letter from the Church at Aghadowey,

Ireland

John Bell, from Ballymoney in 1719 or 1720. The
grandfather of Governor Bell of New Hampshire.

Abraham Holmes came with his wife and children
in 1719. He died in 1753, at the age of 70. His wife

260 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Mary Morison was probably a sister of David and
Samuel Morison. They brought a very interesting
letter from the church in Aghadowey, Ireland, signed
by John Given and David Cargill. This letter
reads i 1

"The bearer, Abraham Holmes, Janet Givens his
mother-in-law, Mary Morison his wife, and their
two Children has lived in this Congregation the most
part of them from their Infancy, and all along, and
now at their departure they were not only sober and
free of publick scandle, But also of good Report
and Christian Conversation (Children exepted) now
Communicants with us. And now being about to
transport themselves to New England in America we
have nothing to hinder their being received as mem-
bers of any Christian Society, and may be admitted
to sealing ordinances wherever providence may or-
der their lot; all of which is certified at Ahadonia
[Aghadowey] this 12 th day of June 1719.

Witness by
"John Givens
"David Cargill"

The following men are mentioned in the historical
statement with which the first town clerk opened his
book of records :

1 1 am indebted to Mr. J. Albert Holmes for a copy of this
paper. The original is owned by Mr. Charles D. Page of New
Haven.

LONDONDERRY 261

Robert Boyes, a prominent pioneer, who was sent
to Ireland after Mr. McGregor's death to secure a
successor in the pulpit ;

Alexander and James Nichols, both useful men ;

Alexander McGregor, doubtless a relative of the
clergyman ;

James Blair, the man who lived without fear of
Indians and was never molested ;

Alexander Walker, and

James Morison.

Among those who may have been of English ori-
gin, but were very early in Nutfield two appear on
the town records in 1719 :

John Goffe was town clerk from 1719 to 1722. He
probably belonged to the Charlestown family of the
same name.

Samuel Graves, a selectman as early as 1719.
One might expect him to be a relative of the McKeen
connection, for he was a grantee from Wheelwright
of the Nutfield township, and the other four grantees
mentioned, McKeen, McGregor, Cargill and Gregg
were all related one to another by blood or marriage.

Two other men are noted by the editor of the
printed Londonderry records as early settlers, Jo-
seph Simonds, who appears in the historical state-
ment, and Elias Keyes, who, like Goffe and Graves,
fails of mention in the statement.

262 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

So ends a list which is far from satisfactory since
many others may have been in Londonderry during
the snmmer of the year 1719. GofTe, the town clerk,
placed upon the Nutfield records birth dates which
antedate 1718. It cannot be assumed that settlers
reported these facts before the settlement was made
at West-running Brook. Probably GofTe, who re-
corded his own early family statistics, did a like
service for his friends the Graveses, MacMurphys,
Leslies and Smiths. 1 They were, perhaps, all in
Nutfield in 1719.

The early settlers of Londonderry comprised
many who remained but a short time and moved on
to new plantations. 2

William Aiken James AndersonJ

Edward Aiken John Anderson

James Aiken John Archibald

William Adams John Archibald, Jr.

James Alexander Robert Armstrong

(called " early" by Robert Actmuty or
Jesse McMurphy) Auchmuty

Randal Alexander J John Barnettt- °

Samuel AllisonJ John Barnett, Jr.

Allen Anderson t J ° John Bell

1 Willey's Nutfield, pp. 63, 237.

2 Robert Boyes and David Cargill in 1729 sent a petition to
Colonel Dunbar in behalf of 150 families who desired lands about
Pemaquid, Maine, for settlement. Maine Historical Society Col-
lections, Baxter MSS., Vol. X, p. 439.

* 1 1 °. For explanation see p. 265.

LONDONDERRY

263

James Blairt °
John Blair
David Bogle
Thomas Bogle
Dr. Hugh Bolton
William Bolton
Eobert Boyesf °
Thomas Caldwell
William Campbell
David Cargill* °
David Cargill, Jr.°
George Clark
James Clark! °
John Clark
Matthew Clark
Robert Clark
Thomas Clark
Archibald ClendeninJ °
Andrew Cochran
John Cochran
Peter Cochran
William Cochran
David Craig
John Crombie
David Dickey
Samuel Dickey
James Doak
John Doak
Robert Doak

George Duncan
William Eayers
James Gilmore
Robert Gilmore
William Gilmore
John Given
John Goffe*
Samuel Graves* °
John Gray
Henry Green
David Gregg
James Gregg* t i °
John Gregg
Samuel Gregg
William Gregg
Nehemiah Griffin
Abraham Holmes
Samuel Huston
William Humphra or

Humphrey
James Lesly or Leslie
James Liggit
James Lindsey [of
Mendon, turner,
1731]
John McClurg
Alexander McCollum
John McConoeighy
Daniel McDuffee

x

264

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

James McGlaughlin
Rev James McGregor* f
Alexander McGregort °
John Mack
James McKeen* f t °
Janet McKeen
John McKeen
Robert McKeen
Samuel McKeen
Alexander McMurphj
John McMurphy
Alexander McNeal
James McNeal
John McNeal
Abel Merrel
John MitchellJ
Hugh Montgomery
James Moor
John Moor
Samuel Moor
David Morison
James Morisonf °
John Morison, d. 1736
John Morison (Jr.) * 1 1
Robert Morison
Samuel Morison
James Nesmitht °
Alexander Nichols f °
James Nichols t °

Peter Patterson
° John Pinkerton

Hugh Ramsey

Hugh Rankin

James Reid

John Richey

James Rogers

John Sheales

William Smith

Archibald Stark

Thomas Steele! t °

James Sterrettt

John Stuartt

Jonathan Taylor

Matthew Taylor

William Thompson

Andrew Todd

Alexander Walker t °
John Wallace
Robert Weir or Wear
Benjamin Williams
Benjamin Willson
Elizabeth Willson
° Mary Willson
Thomas Willson
William Willson
James Wilson
Robert Wilson
John Woodford

LONDONDERRY

265

* indicates that the name will be found on the town records of
1719.

t indicates that the name appears in the historical statement
with which the town records open.

t indicates one of Parker's "first sixteen settlers."

indicates an early settler in the judgment of the editor of the
printed Londonderry records.

The following proprietors of Londonderry in 1722
have not been included above ; few if any were Scotch
Irish : Col. John Wheelwright, Edward Proctor,

Beardiville, Ballywillan, County Antrim
Seat of the Leckys, distinguished at the Siege of Derry

Benjamin and Joseph Kidder, Joseph Simonds,
Elias Kays, John Eobey, John Senter, Stephen
Perce, Andrew Spanlden, Benning Wentworth, and
Eichard Waldron. The Scotch Irish had their wish
fulfilled, the desire for a town to be ruled by their
own kith and kin.

XIV

THE SCOTCH IRISH IN DONEGAL, DERRY

AND NESHAMINY, PENNSYLVANIA

AFTER 1718

After the development of Londonderry, Rutland,
and Pelham the New England Scotch Irish spread
gradually into other towns, Windham, Antrim,
Peterborough, Colerain, Blandford, Palmer and
many more. Upon each they left a mark of thrift and
piety. From these towns the more venturesome
moved westward into New York, and one of their
settlements, Cherry Valley, became famous later as
the scene of an Indian massacre. Receiving fewer
immigrants from Ireland to swell their numbers
than like communities at the South received, the
Scotch Irish of New England had less power, both
to exercise in civil affairs, and to aid them to
maintain their transplanted faith. If they may be
said to have been unfortunate in this respect they
have been peculiarly favored in their historians.
Londonderry, Windham, Peterborough and Pelham
are represented by local histories that treasure the
Scotch Irish tradition. The life of Judge Jeremiah
Smith, and the family histories of the Blairs, Smiths
and Morrisons, are typical of the record of Scotch

PENNSYLVANIA SCOTCH IRISH 267

Irish life that New England has preserved. If it
be true that history must achieve vitality to reclaim
a dead past, we may say, viewing these vital his-
torical works, that New England in the days of the
Scotch Irish pioneers still lives. Of the Scotch Irish
at the South much of this can also be said with
equal emphasis. Theirs is a record of influence still
to be traced in history.

A southern stronghold of Presbyterianism was
in the neighborhood of Newcastle, Delaware. The
narrow tongue of land between the upper shore of
Chesapeake Bay and the Delaware Eiver is shared
by Maryland and Delaware. Maryland's portion
includes the Elk River and is known as Cecil
County. Delaware's portion is called Newcastle
County, with Wilmington, its chief city, at the mouth
of Christiana Creek. North of these two counties
and across the Pennsylvania line are Lancaster and
Chester counties (all known as Chester County from
1682 to 1729), extending from the Delaware River
to the Susquehanna River. This territory, south a
few miles from Philadelphia, became the mecca for
Scotch emigrants from Ireland. These emigrants
pushed up through Newcastle County to cross the
Pennsylvania line, hoping to escape from Maryland
and its tithes. 1 Unfortunately at this very time the
exact line of the boundary was in dispute between
Lord Baltimore and the heirs of William Penn, and

1 Pennsylvania Magazine of History, January, 1901, p. 497.

268 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

many of the settlers flocked in and preempted land
in dispute, without obtaining right or title. To add
to the confusion the Penn family were in a state of
domestic discord, so that their agent James Logan
allowed very few grants in any place after the year
1720. An exception was made however in the case
of the Scotch Irish, people who, said Logan, "if
kindly used, will I believe be orderly, as they have
hitherto been, and easily dealt with; they will also,
I expect, be a leading example to others.' ' These
grants were made for a settlement which was called
Donegal. 1

At this early period when the business of sending
' ' runners ' ' into the rural communities in Ireland to
stimulate emigration 2 had not begun, we must not ex-
pect to find any noticeable increase in the number
of ships entering the Atlantic ports. At Boston
trading vessels from Dublin were not infrequent
visitors, but aside from servants their passengers
were few. At Charleston the number of ships en-
tering the port scarcely varied between the years
1714 and 1724, except for a falling off when the
pirates injured commerce in 1717-18, and a tempo-
rary increase in 1719.

Few Scotch Irish came to New York in the early
part of the eighteenth century because the Governor
of New York and New Jersey, Lord Cornbury, dealt

Pennsylvania Magazine of History, Vol. 21, p. 495.
2 Ibid, p. 485.

PENNSYLVANIA SCOTCH IRISH 269

harshly with dissenters. The Rev. Francis Mak-
emie and the Rev. John Hampton visited the city
on a missionary tour to New England in January,
1706-7. Makemie was refused permission to
preach in the Dutch Church, but conducted a service
openly at the home of William Jackson in Pearl
Street on Sunday, the 19th. He was arrested and
thrown into prison for preaching without a license.
Makemie petitioned for a speedy trial, but the legal
proceedings were permitted to drag on until the
seventh of June when a verdict of not guilty was
brought in. The financial burden of imprisonment
and trial, amounting to more than eighty three
pounds, fell entirely upon Makemie, although he is
known to have had firm friends in New York. His
sureties John Johnstone, gentleman, and William
Jackson, cordwainer, both recorded in 1703 as resi-
dents of the South ward, no doubt had listened to
this famous sermon; and we know of four others
who were present: Captain John Theobalds, John
Vanhorne, Anthony Young and one Harris, Lord
Cornbury's coachman. 1 The Governor, soon after
the trial, was removed from office and imprisoned
for debt. Late in 1718 the News-Letter furnishes
evidence of the arrival of passengers from Ireland
at the port of New York. 2 Whether Celts or Scots

x For a list of Presbyterians in New York in 1755, see Journal
Presbyterian Historical Society, Vol. 1, p. 244.

2 A pink from Ireland, John Read, master, arrived with pas-
sengers November 10, 1718.

270 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

we have as yet no information. But in forty years
we find the Scotch Irish in New York to be wealthy
and of great political influence.

Philadelphia seems to have had a considerable im-
migration from Dublin, Belfast and Glasgow from
the time of the arrival of the first Quakers in 1682.
What are we to think of over seventy passengers
from Waterford, Ireland, who arrived in the ship
Cezer, Matthew, Cowman, commander, in July,
1716, 1 or of fifty passengers from Cork in March
1718?

Again, of what character were the one hundred
and fifty passengers which the Elizabeth and Mar-
garet, after a voyage of twelve weeks from Dublin,
left at Philadelphia in August, 1718? "Were these
people Presbyterian Scotch Irish? A few may no
doubt have claimed their faith and their blood, but I
cannot but believe that up to the year 1719 most of
the passengers were English and Celtic servants
and mechanics, with a number of prosperous Scotch
and English Quakers. Very few Ulster weavers
and farmers came to the South until word reached
Ireland late in 1718 that Boyd, the Bann Valley en-
voy, had found serious difficulty in obtaining land in
New England for settlement. In 1719 hundreds of
Scotch Irish immigrants turned to lands in Chester

1 News-Letter, August 6, 1716. Captain Cowman arrived from
Dublin in September, 1717, with about one hundred passengers.
Captain Gough in the Dove brought passengers a month later.

PENNSYLVANIA SCOTCH IRISH 271

County and to the fields south of the Pennsylvania
line for their homes. 1

The Scotch Irish migration of Presbyterians to
Chester County 2 began in 1719 and thus came long
after the English-Irish migration of Quakers which
had begun in 1682. These Presbyterians became of
sufficient influence in Chester County in 1722 to ob-
tain the name Donegal for their township. Chief
among them at this time were :

James Galbraith, Senior, and his sons Andrew,

James and John
Robert Wilkins and his sons Thomas, William,

Peter and John
Gordon Howard and his sons Thomas and Joseph
George Stuart and his son John
Peter Allen
James Roddy

James and Alexander Hutchinson
John and Robert Spear
Hugh, Henry, and Moses White
Robert McFarland and his sons Robert and

James
James Paterson
Richard Allison

1 The curious reader may be interested in Charles Clinton's
Journal of his voyage from Dublin via Glenarm and Derry Lough
in 1729 when over one hundred passengers died on board. See the
Pennsylvania Magazine of History, 1902, p. 112.

2 Puthey and Cope's Chester County, p. 248.

272 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Patrick Campbell

Robert Middleton

Thomas Bayly

Jonas Davenport

James and Samuel Smith

James Kyle

James and Thomas Mitchell

John and Benjamin Sterrett

Joseph Work

Ephraim Lytle

David McClure

Samuel Fulton

Alexander McKean

Robert and Arthur Buchannan

James Cunningham

William Maybee

William Hay

Henry Bailey

John Taylor

William Bryan

John and Malcom Karr

Edward Dougherty

John and Hugh Scott

The place names in old Chester County, Pennsyl-
vania, such as Derry, Donegal and Toboyne, suggest
that the early emigrants came for the most part
from lands west of the River Foyle.

These pioneers built their log cabins in the pleas-

PENNSYLVANIA SCOTCH IEISH 275

ant meadows and woodlands near John Galbraith's
mill, and in dne time they gave of their prosperity to
maintain a well-built " ordinary" or tavern, for
which the same thrifty John obtained a license in
1726. Here Bebecca, his daughter, was born, to be-
come at the age of eighteen the wife of Colonel Eph-
raim Blaine whose untiring efforts as Commissary
of Provisions kept body and soul together through
the terrible winter at Valley Forge. Thus the
Scotch Irish of Donegal were to have their influence
upon the greater events of the world.

The fine old church at Donegal became a center of
religious influence. Its plain walls, high windows,
and great gambrel roof symbolizes the plain man-
ners and large hearts of its worshippers. Beneath
the even turf within the graveyard wall these pio-
neers now lie, protected from the summer's heat by
spruce and cedar. The heirs of their blood and
brain are building the great west, while strange
hands trim the sod, and children with unfamiliar
names play among the ancient head stones. 1 After
the Galbraiths and their friends had moved west-
ward or had become less dominant in their influence
other men of the same race came into prominence,
the Semples, Andersons, Lowreys, Pedans, Porters,
and Whitehills.

1 A picture of the church may be seen in Gail Hamilton's Biog-
raphy of James G. Blaine, 1895, and both the Church and Gal-
braith's "ordinary" in the Scotch Irish Society, 8th Congress, pp.
80, 336.

276 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEEES

Donegal was only one of f onr townships along the
east bank of the Susquehanna, all of them Scotch
Irish settlements, which extended south and north
of the present city of Harrishurg. Perhaps the
most interesting of these is Derry since its ancient
meeting house brings to the present generation a
flavor of those pioneer times. Built on the "bar-
rens of Derry' ' as early as 1729, its walls were of
hewn oak logs, two feet thick, covered by rough
hemlock boards, and sheathed within with yellow
pine and cherry. The nails and fastenings were

Meeting House at Derry, Pennsylvania

primitive examples of hammer and anvil ; the thirty
eight panes of glass over the pulpit were set in
pewter, and the communion service was of the same
metal — mugs and platters sent over from London
by sympathizing dissenters in 1733.

The pulpit was small and crescent shaped, with

PENNSYLVANIA SCOTCH IRISH 277

narrow steps leading up from the east side. Along
the wall were stout pegs on which to sling the musk-
ets of the male worshippers. Close by the meeting
house was the session-house with the pastor's study,
and a few rods away within a neat wall about God's
acre slept the dead. 1

Derry, early known as Spring Creek, received its
first settlers about 1720. As the Scotch Irish be-
gan to increase in numbers a Presbyterian minister
was needed, and in 1726 the Rev. James Anderson of
Donegal gave one fifth of his time to Derry, and an-
other fifth to Paxtang.

One of the founders of the -church was James Gal-
braith whose father James had crossed the ocean,
some say, as early as 1718. The younger James had
fallen in love with Elizabeth Bertram, the daughter
of a clergyman from Bangor, County Down, who
came to the church at Derry. Elizabeth's mother,
Elizabeth Gillespie, tradition claimed, had a fine
estate in Edinburgh. James settled on Swatara
Creek, next to the farm of three hundred and fifty
acres which the Derry people had deeded to their
minister upon his arrival. Here a prosperous farm
and grist-mill brought food and clothing for James 's
growing family and for his aged father, who came to
dwell under his roof.

Another settler, David McNair, came over from

*W. H. Egle's History of Pennsylvania, 1883, p. 644. Also his
address at the church October 2, 1884.

278 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Donaghmore, County Donegal, the ancestral town of
the Rev. William Homes of Martha's Vineyard.
David's nephew became governor of Missouri. In
the Derry grave yard lie the Boyds, Campbells,
Chamberses, Clarks, Harrises, Hayses, Logans, Mar-
tins, Mitchells, Moodeys, McCords, Roans, Rodgers,
Snoddeys, Thompsons, Wilsons and Wallaces.

In Hanover township were William Crain, John
Barnett, William Allen and others. At Paxtang
were John Wiggins, John Gray, Robert Elder, John
Forster, Matthew Cowden, Hugh McCormick and
Thomas Rutherford. The last mentioned emigrant
left a record of his birth and marriage in old
Tyrone.

Across the river in Allen township lived the fam-
ilies of Wilson, Wallace, Parker and Linn, as well
as Andrew Gregg who is said to have had a brother
David amid the ungracious rocks of New Hampshire,
another brother Samuel in Massachusetts, and a
brother John in South Carolina. A study of the
marriages in the various families given in Dr. Egle 's
Scotch Irish genealogies, will yield names of many
neighbors along the banks of the Susquehanna.

North of Philadelphia the Presbyterians, chiefly
Dutch settlers with a few Welshmen, had worshipped
at Neshaminy Creek, Bensalem, and other near-by
towns since 1710. The Neshaminy records are of
especial interest in 1722 when persons from "Eer-

PENNSYLVANIA SCOTCH IEISH 279

lant" (Ireland) were recorded as admitted by certi-
ficate.

These persons were :

William Pickins and his wife (Margaret?)

George Davis and his wife

Hugh White and his wife

Andrew Keed and his wife

John Anderson and his wife

Moses White and his wife

Humphrey Eyre and his wife

Israel Pickins

Matte Gillespie

Joanna Bell (or Jane who married George

Logan?)
Thomas Foster, his wife, daughter Margaret

and the rest of his children; also his wife's

brother, George Logan *

Neshaminy became famous in the annals of the
Presbyterian Church as the site of the Log College
in which the Eev. William Tennent trained young
men for the ministry. 2 Tennent had married in Ire
land a daughter of the Eev. Gilbert Kennedy, a fine
type of the sturdy old Scotch Irish clergy, a man
whose tomb still remains to record his ancient blood
and virile inheritances. Tennent 's four sons brought

Journal Presbyterian Historical Society, Vol. 1, p. 111.
1 Ibid, p. 345.

280 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

to America great zeal and much needed high stand-
ards of ministerial cnltnre.

In looking over the map of Pennsylvania we find
that these townships, Donegal, Paxtang, Derry and
Hanover (near the Susquehanna), and Drumore,
Colerain, Fallowfield and Sadsbury (along Octorara
Creek, which marks the western line of Chester
County after 1729), together with the Brandy wine
farms a little north of Wilmington, the Neshaminy
lands north of Philadelphia, and Allen township, ten
miles west of Easton, comprise the earliest settle-
ments of the Scotch Irish in Pennsylvania. The
settlers who first occupied these fertile lands entered
America at the ports of Philadelphia and New-
castle.

At Philadelphia the Rev. Jedediah Andrews had
begun about 1701 to preach in the "Barbadoes
store.' ' His followers were Presbyterians, and to
his church came the strangers of that faith. From
Philadelphia the immigrants spread out over the
county of Lancaster. 1 From Newcastle as another
center they pushed along the Christiana to its con-

1 1. D. Rupp's Lancaster County, 1844, p. 185. For a list of land-
holders before 1735 in the present County of Lancaster, which com-
prised that part of old Chester County settled largely by Scotch
Irish, see Rupp, p. 233. The list includes the Craigheads, Cook-
sons, McCawleys, Storys, Greens, Blacks, Steels, Montgomerys,
McCardys, Templemans, McConnels, McNealys, McClellands, Sher-
rards, Stinsons, McKimms, Dyers, Lambs, Bishops, McPhersons,

PENNSYLVANIA SCOTCH IRISH 281

tributing sources, White Clay Creek and Red Clay
Creek.

Along the banks of these creeks, and down the
Brandywine and the Elk, the Rev. George Gillespie,
a Scotch preacher, had ridden from honse to house
on his lonely circuit as early as 1713, when he was
stationed at the church at the head of the Christi-
ana. 1 Scotch and English chiefly composed the con-
gregations until between 1718 and 1720, although the
presence of ministers from Ireland would seem to
suggest an occasional layman also from Irish soil. 2
On White Clay Creek were the Steels, Gardeners and
Whites, of early importance, although their church
of that name was not founded until 1721.

The purchasers of land for the joint church at

Robinsons, Murrays, Bensons, Blyths, Allisons, McClenns, Shen-
non, McClures, Hugheses, Duffields, Crawfords, Dennys, Scotts,
Pennocks, Blackshaws, Buchanans, Gilmores, Musgroves, Hig-
genbothems, Livingtons, Painters, Saunderses, Stileses, Watsons,
Webbs, Irwins, Palmers, Owens, Pendalls, Thornburys, Mar-
shall, Jacksons, Beesons, Nessleys, Herseys, Astons, Steers, Mc-
Nabbs, Smiths, Lindseys, Longs, Kings, Moores, Fullertons,
Francises, McKanes, Douglases, Darbys, Knowleses, McClan-
aghans, Burtons, Gales, Cowens and others.

A few of these families were doubtless Quakers.

1 Mackey's White Clay Creek, p. 4; G. E. Jones's Lower Bran-
dywine Church, 1876, p. 9.

2 The Rev. Robart Cross of Newcastle, 1719, and Jamaica, Long
Island, 1723, was born near Ballykelly, Ireland.

282 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Lower Brandywine in 1720 1 were John Kirkpatrick,
James Houston, James Mole, William Smith, Mag-
nus Simonson, Ananias Higgins, John Heath and
Patrick Scott. The surnames of the members of the
Upper Octorara Church 2 before the middle of the
eighteenth century were :

Alison, Blelock, Boggs, Boyd, Boyle, Clingan,
Cochran, Cowan, Dickey, Filson, Fleming, Gardner,
Grlendenning, Hamill, Henderson, Heslep, Hope,
Kerr, Kyle, Liggett, Lockhart, Luckey, McAllister,
McNeil, McPherson, Mitchell, Moody, Park, Rich-
mond, Robb, Rowan, Sandford, Scott, Sharpe, Sloan,
Smith, Stewart, Summeril, Wiley, Wilkin, and Wil-
son.

The Rev. Samuel Young, a successor of Gillespie
in this field, came to the Elk River in 1718, having
preached at Magherally in County Down for four-
teen years. He had been ordained by Armagh Pres-
bytery in 1703.

The following extracts from a very long letter
written by Robert Parke, an Irish Quaker of the
original Chester county, Pennsylvania, to his sister
in Ireland, describe life in the colony in 1725. Mr.
Parke makes it evident that there was no disap-
pointment upon their arrival in America, when he

1 Jones, p. 12.

2 Futhey's Upper Octorara Church, p. 151. The church was or-
ganized in 1720. The first minister, the Rev. Adam Boyd, Craig-
head's son-in-law, was ordained in 1724,

PENNSYLVANIA SCOTCH IRISH 283

writes : ' ' There is not one of the family but what
likes the country very well and wod If we were in
Ireland again come here Directly it being the best
country for working folk & Tradesmen of any in the
world. . . My father bought a Tract of Land
consisting of five hundred Acres for which he gave
350 pounds, it is Excellent good land but none
cleared, Except about 20 Acres, with a small log
house & Orchard Planted.' ' A little later he con-
trasts the farmer's labor in Pennsylvania with his
work in Ireland: "We plowed up our Sumer's fal-
lows in May & June, with a Yoak of Oxen & 2
horses & they goe with as much Ease as Double
the number in Ireland. . . Dear Sister I de-
sire thee may tell my old friend Samuel Thornton
that he could give so much credit to my words &
find no Iffs nor ands in my Letter that in Plain
terms he could not do better than to Come here, for
both his & his wife's trade are Very good here, The
best way for him to do is to pay what money he Can
Conveniently Spare at that side & engage himself to
Pay the rest at this Side & when he Comes here if he
Can get no friend to lay down the money for him,
when it Comes to the worst, he may hire out 2 or 3
Children. . . I wod have him Procure 3 or 4
Lusty Servants & Agree to pay their passage at this
Side he might sell 2 & pay the others passage with
the money." Parke closes his letter with a touch of
brotherly gallantry :

284 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

"I wod not have thee think much at my Irregular
way of writing by reason I write as it offer 'd to me,
for they that write to you should have more wits than
I can Pretend to." 1

A. C. Myers's Immigration of the Irish. Quakers, 1902, p. 70.

XV

THE SCOTCH IRISH IN SOUTH CAROLINA
AFTER 1718

Settlements which were so far to the south that
they were constantly menaced by the Spaniards and
their Indian allies grew slowly. At Port Royal and
Charleston the Scotch, both free men and deported
prisoners taken in battle, were very early in resi-
dence.

About the year 1685 an Independent, or as some
called it, a Presbyterian church was organized, and
it had a prosperous history for half a century. The
career of its chief minister, the Rev. Archibald
Stobo, has already been referred to. His successor,
the Rev. William Livingston, from the North of Ire-
land, preached from 1704 to 1720, when he died. 1

In 1731 or 1732 about a dozen members of this
first church, including James Abercrombie, John
Allen, Daniel Crowford, 2 John Bee, 2 John Fraser, 2
George Ducaff or Ducat, 2 and James Paine or
Payne, 2 withdrew and formed a new organization,

1 His descendants bear the names of Tunno and Stewart.
Charleston Year Book for 1882, p. 381.

2 Assigned pews in the old church in 1732, and thus were not as
yet known as seceders. Fraser and Ducat were members in 1724.

286 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

worshipping in a small wooden building, with the
Rev. Hugh Stewart for their minister. These fam-
ilies were alarmed by an evident trend in the senti-
ment of the majority toward Congregationalism, and
since they adhered loyally to the Westminster Con-
fession they wished to be free to maintain a minister
of their own faith.

Some of the founders of this seceding or Scotch
Presbyterian church in Charleston in 1732 were
probably Scotch Irish. The statement that John
Witherspoon's daughter, who had died immediately
after his arrival from Ireland, was the first person
buried in the new church field implies that there were
religious and perhaps racial ties which governed this
choice of a spot ; although in the older church there
continued members bearing Scottish names.

In 1717 the town of Beaufort on the Island of Port
Royal was laid out. To the west of this town were
lands lying along the northern bank of the Savannah
River; they had recently been left uninhabited by
the retreat of the Yamassee Indians after their re-
bellion and defeat. These lands the Assembly
opened up to Protestants in 1719, increasing the
usual allotment of fifty acres to two hundred acres
for each settler. It is said by Rivers, the historian,
with how much authority is not known, that several
hundred emigrants from Ireland were to take pos-
session of these and other lands the same year ; x but

1 Howe's Presbyterian Church in South Carolina, p. 177.

SOUTH CAROLINA SCOTCH IRISH 287

the grants were soon after annulled by the Colonial
Proprietors, the territory was surveyed, and from it
fifteen baronies were erected.

Mr. A. S. Salley, Jr., secretary of the Historical
Commission of South Carolina, writes that Mr. Riv-
ers 1 /'did not mean (for that would not have been
true) that these Irishmen settled in a body on the
Yamassee lands or expected to do so. They would
have taken their grants anywhere in the province,
just as hundreds of other settlers from England,
Scotland, and Ireland had been doing. It is even
doubtful if these Irishmen came in a body, or dis-
persed in a body." Many of them, if many there
were, died of fever or privation, and the others were
forced to look elsewhere for homes. At this time
civilization in South Carolina did not extend beyond
the Port Royal neighborhood at the south, and to the
north it was limited to the territory between the San-
tee and the Edisto rivers. Some probably wandered
into Charleston, where they remained until a strong
Scotch Irish colony took possession of the township
of Williamsburg.

This colony arrived in 1732 or the year following,
the Council having granted the petition of James
Pringle and other Irish Protestants that their pas-
sage be paid. A township twenty miles square,
along the Black River, was laid out for them, and

1 See pp. 293-294 of his South Carolina,

288 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEEES

was given the name Williamsburg. 1 To this colony
came John Witherspoon, James McClelland, William
Sym, David Allan, William Wilson, Robert Wilson,
James Bradley, William Frierson, John James, Wil-
liam Hamilton, Archibald Hamilton, Roger Gordon,
John Porter, John Lemon, David Pressley, William
Pressley, Archibald McRae, James Armstrong, the
Erwins, Plowdens, Dickeys, Blakelys, Dobbinses,
Stnarts and McDonalds. 2

In August, 1736, a church was organized and the
Rev. Robert Heron of Ireland became the first min-
ister. From the church at Williamsburg sprang
that at Indian Town, with Major John James and
William, Robert and David Wilson among its found-
ers; also that at Salem, founded by Samuel and
James Bradley. At Mount Zion Church were Roger
and James Wilson, with Captain William Erwin;
at Jeffries Creek were John and Gavin Wither-
spoon; and John and Hugh Erwin joined the Hope-
well Church which others directly from Ireland had
founded. The Plowden, Nelson and Gamble fam-
ilies were identified with the earliest days of the
Church at Brewington. 3

The Scotch Irish at Williamsburg, or perhaps
later companies of immigrants, did not all fare pros-
perously, and in 1738 Charleston was forced to pro

1 McCrady's South Carolina under the Royal Government, p. 132;
also, Scotch Irish Society, 1st Congress, p. 202.
2 Wallace's History of Williamsburg Church, 1856, pp. 18, 36.
8 Wallace's History of Williamsburg Church, pp. 35, 36.

HI

u
o o

21 S

SOUTH CAROLINA SCOTCH IRISH 291

vide for poor Protestants from Ireland who
swarmed the streets, begging from door to door. 1

John Wither spoon came from County Down in
1734, with his children David, John, Robert and
Sarah. Robert has left us an account of his early
experiences, typical of the pioneer hardships of
those who settled in South Carolina. 2 After lying
becalmed in Belfast Lough for two weeks the ship
with Robert's grandmother very ill on board, got un-
der way on the 28th of September, 1734. It soon
encountered rough weather and the aged lady died.
Her interment in a roaring storm made a deep im-
pression upon the boy. About the first of December
the ship reached Charleston with a crew exhausted
by almost incessant toil at the pumps. There the
child Sarah died and was buried in the new Scotch
graveyard. The settlers were kindly received by
families that had come over in earlier years, but
were soon sent up the river in an open boat to "Po-
tatoe Ferry,' ' where the women and children were
put ashore to find what protection they could in a
barn-like hovel. Meanwhile the men with their tools
and baggage pushed up stream, and then went for-
ward through flooded woods and meadows to find a

1 Hewit's Historical Account of South Carolina, Vol. 2, pp. 316,
324; in Carroll's Historical Collection.

2 Witherspoon was not harassed by local Irish port officers as
were many in 1736 when the Government had become alarmed by
the magnitude of the migration. See Pennsylvania Magazine of
History, Vol. 21, p. 485.

292 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

suitable spot for their houses. They had no timbers,
and they soon discovered that boughs of trees cov-
ered with sods were but a poor protection against
the fierce winter storms. Soon however a fire
blazed upon the rude hearth, the smoke dried the
branches overhead, and with one of Queen Anne's
great muskets loaded with swan-shot close at hand,
even the night in an endless waste of forest and
marsh lost some of its terror. Although they had
to wait long for their spring planting they were
given time to become acclimated before the warm
and sultry weather set in. They thus escaped the
sickness which carried off great numbers of the
early settlers in South Carolina. 1

The great tide of migration, however, did not all
come through the port of Charleston. Many of the
Scotch Irish of the Carolinas came from Ireland
to Pennsylvania, and then went through Virginia
and North Carolina to the Waxhaws in South Caro-
lina. 2 Of this stock was John C. Calhoun, and —
somewhat later — Andrew Jackson. Mr. McCrady,
the historian of South Carolina, in a note on this
migration, says that from the Waxhaws the Scotch
Irish crossed the Catawba and spread over the coun-
ties of Lancaster, York, Chester and Fairfield.
Prominent among them were the Adairs, Allisons,
Brattons, Adrians, Blacks, Boggs, Broones, Buchan-

1 Hanna's Scotch Irish, Vol. 2, p. 26.
2 McCrady, p. 624.

SOUTH CAEOLINA SCOTCH IRISH 293

ans, Boyces, Bryces, Crawfords, Crocketts, Carrols,
Carsons, Chamberses, Dunlops, Douglasses, Erwins,
Flemings, Irwins, Hancocks, Kirklands, Laceys,
Lathams, Loves, Lyles, Masseys, McCaws, McDan-
iels, McCans, Millses, McKenzies, Mclllhennys,
McMullans, McLnres, McMorrises, Martins, Neelys,

-Deaofo

t orh noya/ -kn^a^ce 3

Wylies, Witherspoons, Eosses, and Youngs. 1 In
Union County, as it now is, were the Brandons,
Bogans, Jollys, Kennedys, McQunkins [McQuak-

1 McCrady's South Carolina, 1719-1776, p. 317.

294 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

ins!], Youngs, Cunninghams, Savages, Hughs,
Vances, and Wilsons. 1

The McCrerys (or McCrearys), Greens, Hannahs,
Abernathys, Millers, Beards, Wellses, Coffees, Gis-
hams, Bartons, Youngs, McClures, Adamses, and
the McDaids settled in Newberry between the Broad
and the Saluda. 2 After them came the Caldwells,
Thompsons, Youngs, Fairs, Carmichaels, Hunters,
McClellans, Greggs, Wilsons, Conners, Neals, Cam-
erons, Flemings, McCallas, Montgomerys, Sloans,
Spencers, Wrights, Glenns, Chalmerses, McCrack-
enses, and Glasgows.

At Nazareth Church in Spartanburg were the
Andersons, Millers, Barrys, Moores, Collinses,
Thompsons, Vernons, Pearsons, Jamisons, Dodds,
Rays, Pennys, McMahons, Nicols, Nesbitts, and Pa-
tons. 3 In the bounds of Abbeville and Edgefield
were the Meriwethers, Wardlaws, Moors, Browns,
McAlasters, Logans and Calhouns. 4

These many surnames survive everywhere along
the rivers and in the mountain settlements.

By the middle of the eighteenth century the Scotch
Irish, through industry and intelligence even more
than by force of numbers, had come to have a con-

1 Southern Presbyterian Review, Vol. 14, p. 482. Quoted by
McCrady.

2 Mills's Statistics of South Carolina, p. 639. O'Neall's Annals
of Newberry, pp. 47, 49.

8 Southern Presbyterian Review, Vol. 14, No. 3, p. 483.
4 Logan's History of Upper South Carolina, p. 25.

SOUTH CAEOLINA SCOTCH IEISH 295

trolling voice in the management of much of the
southern country. And this voice was heard a gen-
eration later when a rider brought into the Caro-
linas a paper which had told the people of New
York, of Philadelphia and of farms along the shores
of Chesapeake Bay that New England farmers had
dared to fire upon British troops at Lexington.

XVI

THE SCOTCH IRISH CHARACTER

In this attempt to give some impression of the
Scotch in Ireland and in America, so much emphasis
has been placed npon documentary history that race
characteristics have played only a small part in the
story. But these people of Coleraine on the Bann,
of Strabane and Londonderry, came into the rural
settlements of the New World with so distinct a
personality, with customs and habits so marked, that
they left an enduring impress. Since the days of
the battle of Dunbar (1650), or for nearly a cen-
tury, the Scotchman had lived in the Atlantic col-
onies. How did his influence differ from that of his
Scotch cousin of Ulster who came to America in
1718? Did the life in Ulster really effect a change?
Certainly orators and writers have from time to
time made this claim.

The lowland Scotch and their borderland English
neighbors left heather-clad mountains and grazing
flocks to cross the narrow waters of the North Chan-
nel into Antrim and Down. They abandoned pas-
toral land for flax fields and bleach-greens, surren-
dering an isolated existence to live close together
upon small farms. Speaking of Aghadowey Miss

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SCOTCH IRISH CHARACTER 299

Mary Semple of Larne writes : ' ' The whole region
is quite level, with a gentle slope to the river. The
southern end of the village joins Kilrea, and
throughout its length can be traced houses built by
its first Scotch settlers. These are in clusters and
are termed Slackens, ' Gaelic for village. The peo-
ple are a strong-looking race, the men tall and well
formed, the women rather above medium height.
They are principally farmers, but many work on the
bleach-greens, while others spend their lives in weav-
ing on looms which stand in their own homes. ,n

New scenes must have quickened the mental proc-
esses of the transplanted Scot, and the greater com-
munity life enlarged the social instinct. The Epis-
copalians, all-powerful in government, and the
Roman Catholics, strong in numbers, pressed in
upon every side, and forced the Presbyterians to an
exercise of their loyalty and patience, while the
spirit of proselyting which existed everywhere in
Ulster sharpened their wits. Under a century of
these social and religious influences the Scotch char-
acter must have changed.

"It was," said Mr. Morison in his life of Jere-
miah Smith, "the sternness of the Scotch cov-
enanter, softened by a century's residence abroad
amid persecution and trial, wedded there to the
pathos and comic humor of the Irish." 2 And Presi-

1 Blair Family of New England, 1900, p. 21.

2 Page 8.

300 . SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

dent McKinley, another scion of the same stock, said
of the Scotch Irishman, "He was the resnlt of a
slow fusion of diverse characteristics.' n Time and
trial had given to the Scot in Ireland memories,
both of bloody Claverhouse in Scotland and of Tyr-
connel in Ireland, that became a part of his fibre.
The illiterate mother in the hills of Kentucky today
passes on her burden of tradition when she exclaims
to her unruly son: "Behave yourself, or Clavers
will get you!" To her Clavers is but a bogey; to
her ancestors Graham of Claverhouse was a very
real cause for terror 2 . If that is an inheritance
from the days of religious warfare what shall we say
of Gabriel Barr and Rachel Wilson, lovers for forty
years, who would not or could not marry because
there were two warring Presbyterian churches in
Londonderry and neither lover would abandon an
allegiance of faith for the ties of affection V

The Rev. Dr. Macintosh in his charming essay on
"The making of the Ulsterman" calls the trans-
planted Scot more versatile and more fertile in re-
source, less clannish and less pugnacious, or in other
terms a man of wider vision. His beliefs were con-
sistent and well defined. Against the Puritan's
town meeting the Scotch Irishman placed the legis-
lature; for the congregation he substituted the as-

1 Proceedings Scotch Irish Society, 5th Congress, p. 19.

2 The Berea Quarterly, October, 1908, p. 9.

3 Willey's Nutfield, p. 91. .

SCOTCH IRISH CHARACTER 301

sembly; instead of laying stress upon personality,
he emphasized partnership. 1

Since the denial of the franchise to non-conform-
ists in Ireland threw the Scotch Irish back upon
their church assemblies for exercise in government
they were perhaps the more eager for participation
in affairs of state when they reached America. Ac-
customed to close reasoning in debate the Scotch
Irish leaders from Maine to Georgia accepted po-
litical responsibility promptly and successfully.

Oppression commercially, politically and re-
ligiously in Ireland prepared those who emigrated
to the colonies to enter the civic school of Patrick
Henry and Samuel Adams. Nor were they unpre-
pared for the inevitable result. Whatever of mili-
tary science the Scotch Irish did not learn at the
siege of Londonderry they acquired in the French
and Indian wars in the New "World. Their rugged
life fitted them to endure camp and march ; and their
inborn hostility toward England led them to forge
to the front in the early weeks of the year 1775 when
many good men of the old English race wavered in
the face of war with Great Britain.

The Scotch Irish have never claimed that they
brought literature or art to these shores. They
knew little of the former and nothing of aesthetics.
Diaries and letters of the migration period do not
exist and perhaps never did exist. Let us speak

Proceedings Scotch Irish Society, 2d Congress, p. 102.

302 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

frankly. Every race brings to our western civiliza-
tion a gift of its own. These people from Ulster
cared very little for the beautiful, with the single
exception of the wonderful and beautiful Bible
story. Even the New Testament they handled as
a laborer might touch a Sevres vase — reverently

Ruins of a Church in Kilrea
County Londonderry

but rudely. The Rev. Matthew Clark of Kilrea, a
veteran of the Londonderry siege and a popular
minister at the American Londonderry, was a type
of the patriot soldier, rough, sturdy, independent.
Preaching from Philippians iv. 13 he began with the
words: " 'I can do all things.' Ay, can ye, Paul?
I'll bet a dollar o' that!" whereupon he drew a
Spanish dollar from his pocket and placed it beside

SCOTCH IEISH CHARACTER 303

his Bible on the pulpit. Then, with a look of sur-
prise he continued : ' ' Stop ! let 's see what else Paul
says: 'I can do all things through Christ, which
strengtheneth me. ' Ay, sae can I, Paul ; I draw my
bet ! ' ' and he returned the dollar to his pocket. We
may wonder that such preaching fostered the sim-
ple trust and abiding faith evident in the dying
words of Mrs. Morison of Londonderry. When
asked what she would have more, she replied:
"Nothing but Christ.' n

The Scotch Irish could not see that the severe
lines of a cabin are softened by a sumac against
the south wall or a creeper at the corner. They did
not trim the edge of the roadway that led to the front
door. In short, utility required nothing of these
things and utility was their law. For the same rea-
son, if the soles of their feet were tough they saw
small need of shoes in summer. Their bare feet,
however, gave something of a shock to century-old
New England.

This rude development of taste was based possibly
upon a primitive state of education. Although
many served as local school-masters, it is evident
that few even of the scant number who attained a
college education ever learned to write well or to
spell correctly their English language. 2 William
Smith of Moneymore, Ireland, was a bright lad in

1 Morison's Smith, p. 11.
2 Ibid, p. 19.

304 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

his use of the pen, and his school-master wrote in his
copy book :

William Smith of Moneymar
Beats his master far and awar:
I mean in writing
Not inditing.

William's son Judge Smith of Peterborough, New
Hampshire, after copying these and other lines upon
birch bark became so proficient that he was em-
ployed to write letters, basing commissions from
young lovers upon the burning phrases in the Song
of Solomon. 1

The earliest emigrants knew Gaelic, and some may
even have had no other language until they settled
among English and Dutch colonists in America. I
have found no direct mention of Gaelic in New Eng-
land, but Rupp the Pennsylvania historian speaks
of the disappearance of the language before his
day. 2 The authorities in Georgia in 1735 applied to
the Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian
Knowledge for a minister to preach in Gaelic and to
catechise the children in English. John Macleod of
the Isle of Sky was sent out in response to this re-
quest. 3 Gaelic lingered among the old Scotch emi-
grants very much as Presbyterianism in New Eng-

1 Morison , s Smith, pp. 2, 12.

"Rupp's History Counties of Berks and Lebanon, 1844, p. 115.

3 Journal Presbyterian Historical Society, Vol. 1, p. 206.

SCOTCH IRISH CHARACTER 305

land remained with the aged after their children and
grandchildren had turned to Congregationalism.

In the industrial field the Scotch Irish at the out-
set contributed to New England's economic life;
they taught their new neighbors the value of the
" Irish' ' potato as a common article of food, and to
make fine linen out of flax. The potato which now
is a large part of the annual crop of every Northern
farmer was rare in the colonies before 1718. 1

The spinning industry soon became so popular
that a public school of spinning was proposed in
Boston 2 in 1720, and the following year the select-
men, together with a special committee, were em-
powered to let out without interest three hundred
pounds to any one who should establish a school for
instruction in spinning flax and weaving linen. 3 In
1732 the Hon. Daniel Oliver, who had been a member
of the Committee in 1720, died, leaving the old Spin-
ning House adjoining Barton's Ropewalk, with its
"Promts and Incomes ... for learning poor
children of the Town of Boston to Read the word of
God and to write if need be. ' ' 4

In time, when they had grown accustomed to their
new environment, the Scotch Irish did more than to

barker's Londonderry, p. 49; Lewis and Newhall's Lynn, 1865,
p. 312.

2 Drake's Boston, pp. 560, 591.
8 Town Records, March 1720-21.
* Suffolk deeds, Vol. 31, p. 53.

306 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEEES

defend the frontier and fight the battles of the Revo-
lution, for they excelled also in letters and in art.

It is evident that whether we view the Scotch
Irish pioneers from the standpoint of education, or
culture, or material success of the larger kind, they
were in 1718 in their proper place when Cotton
Mather consigned them to the frontier. The life
there conformed to their standards, as measured by
their opportunity at that time. Those who remained
in Boston, Philadelphia, and Charleston were very
generally tradesmen, and on account of the Ulster
industries many naturally were tailors. But they
were none the less virile, earnest and ambitious. A
line of settlements extending from the Maine sea-
coast westward through New Hampshire and south
westerly through western Massachusetts into a part
of New York, and thence through Pennsylvania and
the Carolinas, might be expected to produce much
when a second generation had come to manhood on
American soil. And the roll of statesmen, preach-
ers and soldiers proves that these Scotch Irish did
possess latent power of a high order.

All that has been said of the character of those
who constituted the great migration to New Eng-
land in 1718 applies equally to the brothers, cousins
and neighbors in old Ireland who swarmed across
the sea into the middle and southern colonies. For
every one who landed at Boston a dozen set foot
in Philadelphia and Charleston. In Massachusetts

SCOTCH IRISH CHARACTER 307

they were an incident in history ; at the Sonth while
they did not outnumber the natives they helped to
make history. In 1790, following the Revolution,
the Scotch Irish in Maine still clung in greatest
numbers about the Kennebec ; in New Hampshire on
both sides of the Merrimack ; and in Massachusetts
they were to be found along the Merrimac, in the val-
ley of the Connecticut and around the ancient settle-
ments of Worcester and Rutland. In New York
state they inhabited the banks of the Hudson near
Albany. Pennsylvania still held a great Scotch
Irish population, not only on the fertile shores of
the Schuylkill and the Susquehanna, where they first
found homes, but now all about the source rivers of
the great Ohio.

Farther south the Scotch Irish were very numer-
ous in North Carolina, between the upper waters of
the Great Pedee and the Catawba. Across the bor-
der in South Carolina the Scotch Irish found homes
along the Saluda, the Broad and the Catawba, in two
districts which then bore names made famous in
Revolutionary history, Camden and Ninety six. 1

It cannot but be evident that the great water
courses were in those days as vital in their influence
upon colonization as they were to be upon the com-
merce which follows permanent settlements.

In no state did the Scotch Irish population in 1790

1 See W. S. Rossiter's A Century of Population Growth, Chap-
ter XI.

308 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

equal the English, averaging only 6.7 per cent, of the
whole, but in every state except New York and Penn-
sylvania it stands second. The Scotch Irish were
largely responsible for phenomenal increases in the
population of New Hampshire and North Carolina
between 1720 and 1740. Massachusetts, Pennsyl-
vania and Maryland already had a considerable pop-
ulation and new settlers made less impression on
the per cent, of increase. 1 The Scotch Irish family
averaging 5.67 members, fell short of the English
family of 5.77, a fact not expected of the later
comer 2 ; but in energy, resource and endurance, in a
desire to excel in arms and in political leadership
the smaller family held its own.

The statement that the Scotch Irish in 1790
amounted to 6.7 per cent, of the entire population,
although 7 per cent, would probably be nearer the
truth, at least gives a vague basis for the compari-
son of Scotch Irish ability with that of other strains.
We may turn then with some curiosity to a group of
figures prepared by Senator Henry Cabot Lodge for
the Century Magazine of September, 1891, under the
title ' * Distribution of ability in the United States. ' '
These figures are founded on 14,243 biographies of
Americans of more than average ability, as given in
Appleton's Encyclopaedia of American Biography.
The results were so much discussed in the press of

'Rossiter, pp. 9, 10.
2 Ibid, pp. 274, 275.

SCOTCH IEISH CHAEACTEE 309

that winter that Senator Lodge printed similar ta-
bles in the Century for July, 1892, based upon names
selected in a different manner. The results were not
unlike those first obtained.

The Scotch Irish he describes as the descendants
of the Scotch and English who settled in the North
of Ireland, with an infusion of Irish blood in some
few instances.

Of the 14,243 influential people recorded, there
were biographies of the

Race.

No. and per cent, of all
biographies.

Per cent, of
the popula-
tion in 1790.

English

10,376 or 72.8 per

cent.

83.5

Scotch Irish

1,439 or 10.1 "

a

6.7

German

659 or 4.6 "

a

5.6

Huguenot

589 or 4.2 "

u

.5

Others

1,180 or 8.2 "

a

3.7

We find that the Germans, with a little less than
one half as many biographies as the Scotch Irish,
had more representatives in art, music and science ;
but in education, government, law, the stage, inven-
tion, exploration and war the Scotch Irish exceeded
the Germans by more than three to one. As com-
pared with the Huguenots the Scotch Irish were
weaker in art and music, but were three times as
strong in government, theology, exploration, inven-
tion and the stage. In careers devoted to govern-
ment, war and exploration, just as one is prepared to
expect, the Scotch Irish exceed their natural propor-

310 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

tion; in literature, art, science, business, philan-
thropy and music — careers ill suited to a pioneer
life, they fall far short.

Those who are represented in the work by por-
traits, an indication of conspicuous ability, number
1,258. Of these, the men of Scotch Irish extraction
number 137, or 10.9 per cent. ; the English 897, or
71.3 per cent. If this increase from 10.1 (non por-
trait class) to 10.9 per cent, (portrait class) means
anything it suggests that among English and Scotch
Irish men of ability the Scotch Irish more often pro-
duce men of the first rank.

New England may well be proud of General John
Stark and General Henry Knox of the Revolution,
and of General George B. McClellan of the Civil
War; of Matthew Thornton, the signer of the Dec-
laration of Independence; of Horace Greeley, the
editor; of Asa Gray the botanist; and of John
Lothrop Motley the historian, all scions of the early
Scotch Irish migration.

Further south were other great figures in our
national life — Governor Edward Rutledge, Vice
President Calhoun, President Jackson, and also Wil-
liam McKinley, whose ancestors lived at Conagher's
Farm in County Antrim, only a few hours walk from
the homes of our Bann Valley settlers. We should
like to believe that McKinley stands as a type of the
best Scotch Irish manhood, simple in his habits, gen-
tle in his demeanor, strong in control of himself and
a peace maker among his fellows.

M +,

. fc

SCOTCH IRISH CHARACTER

313

Dr. Macintosh has said : ' ' The plantation of the
Scot into Ulster kept for the world the essential and
the best features of the lowlander. But the vast
change gave birth to and trained a somewhat new
and distinct man, soon to be needed for a great task
which only the Ulsterman could do ; and that work —
which none save God, the guide, foresaw — was with
Puritan to work the revolution that gave humanity
this republic." 1

1 Proceedings Scotch Irish Society, 2d Congress, p. 91.

The Aghadowey River

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

Ships from Ireland Arriving in New England

1714

Gray-Hound, sloop, Benjamin Elson, master, from Ireland;
arrived April, at Boston (News-Letter, Apr. 19-26,
1714).

Elizabeth & Kathrin, ship, William Robinson, master,
from Ireland; arr. June, at Boston (N. L. May 31-
June 7, 1715). Sick put on shore at Spectacle Island
(Province Laws 1714, chapter 45).

Mary Anne, John Macarell, master, from Ireland; arr.
August, at Boston (N. L. Aug. 2-9, 1714). Goods on

sale at Steele and Bethune's ware house, Merchants
Row.

York Merchant, ship, John Beach, master, from Cork;
arr. September, at Boston (N. L. Sept. 13-20, 1714).
Irish servants (N. L. Sept. 6-13, 1714). Outward
bound (N. L. Oct. 11-18, 1714).

Thomas & Jane, ship, William Wilson, master, from Lon-
donderry; arr. Oct. at Boston (N. L. Oct 4r-ll, 1714).
Outward bound for Holland (N. L. Oct. 18-25, 1714).

1715

Amity, snow, Nathaniel Breed, master, from Ireland; arr.
June, at Boston (N. L. June 13-20, 1715). Out-
ward bound for Great Britain (N. L. June 20-27,
1715).

318 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

[Name Not Given.] James Hamilton, master, from [not
given] ; arr. [not given] , at Boston. Cleared for Ire-
land (N. L. Nov. 28-Dec. 5. 1715).

1716

Truth and Daylight, galley, Robert Campbell, master,
from Cork; arr. May 21, at Boston (N. L. May 21-28,
1716; Record Com. Rept. 29, p. 232). Names of pas-
sengers given. Outward bound (N. L. May 28-June
4, 1716).

Mary Ann, ship, Robert Maccarell, master, from Dublin;
arr. June 18, at Boston (N. L. June 18-25, 1716 ; Rec-
ord Com. Rept. 29, p. 235). John Gallard and his
waiting man.

Globe, ship, Nicholas Oursell, master, from Ireland; arr.
June 25, at Boston (N. L. June 25-June 2, 1716;
Record Com. Rept. 29, p. 236). Names of passengers
given. "Protestants."

1717

[Name Not Given.] Montgomery, master, from

Waterford; arr. [not given] at Piscataqua (N. L.
July 2-9, 1716).

[Name Not Given.] Master not given; from Ireland; arr.
at Boston. Passengers ordered to Spectacle Island in
June. (Province Laws 1716-17, chapter 52).

Globe, ship, Alexander Dowglase, master, from Dublin;
arr. Aug. at Boston (N. L. Aug. 12-19, 1717). Sun-
dry servants to serve for four to nine years. Gover-
nor Shute reported fourteen male servants from Dub-
lin.

APPENDICES 319

[Name Not Given.] Robert Montgomery, master, from Ire-
land; arr. Sept. at Boston (N. L. Sept. 2-9, 1717).

[Name Not Given.] Archibald MacPheaderies, master,
from Ireland; arr. Sept. at Piscataqua (N. L. Sept. 23-
30, 1717).

Friends Goodwill, Edward Gooding, master, from Larne
and Dublin; arr. Sept. at Boston ( N. L. Sept. 9-16,
1717). Fifty two persons. Great hardships. See in
chapter I a reference to Governor Shute's report of
nine servants from Belfast.

1718

[Name Not Given.] Alexander Miller, master, Robert
Homes, mate, from [not given] ; arr. [not given] at
Boston. Cleared for Ireland (N. L. March 24-31,
1718; Rev. W. Homes in his Diary says sailed April
10th).

[Name Not Given.] Gibbs, master, from Dublin; arr.

May 16, at Marblehead (N. L. May 12-19, 1718).
Irish and Scotch servants.

William and Mary, ship, James Montgomery, master, from
Ireland; arr. July 25, at Boston (N. L. July 21-28,
1718; also C. Mather). Cleared for Dublin (N. L.
Aug. 25-Sept. 1, 1718).

[Name Not Given.] John Wilson, master, from London-
derry; arr. July 28 ? at Boston (N. L. July 28-Aug.
4, 1718; also Lechmere). Boys, young women and
girls.

Robert, brigantine, James Ferguson, master, from Glas-
gow and Belfast; arr. Aug. 4, at Boston (N. L. Aug.

320 SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

4-11, 1718; also Lechmere). Cleared (N. L. Aug. 18-
25, 1718).

William, ship, Archibald Hunter, master, from Coleraine ;
arr. Aug. 4, at Boston (N. L. Aug. 4-11, 1718; also
Lechmere). Outward bound for Ireland (N. L. Sept.
15-22, 1718).

Mary Anne, ship, Andrew Watt, master, from Dublin ; arr.
August, at Boston (N. L. Aug. 4-11, 1718). Servants.
Cleared for Great Britain (N. L. Aug. 18-25, 1718).

Dolphin, pink, John Mackay, master, from Dublin; arr.
Sept. 1, at Boston (N. L. Sept. 1-8, 1718; also Lech-
mere). 20 odd families. Servants, boys, tradesmen,
&c.

Maccallum, ship, James Law, master, from Londonderry ;
arr. Sept. 6 ? at Boston (N. L. Sept. 1-8, 1718; also
C. Mather). Intended for New London. Went to
the Kennebec. Cleared for Londonderry (N. L. Dec.
1-8, 1718).

[Name Not Given. Maccallum ? ] Master not given.
From Ireland; arr. Sept. at Casco Bay (N. L. Sept.
22-29, 1718). Passengers and a minister.

Beginning, sloop, John Rogers, master, from Waterford;
arr. Oct. at Boston (N. L. Oct. 27-Nov. 3, 1718).

Return, schooner ?, Joseph Newall", master, from Glas-
gow; arr. Oct. at Boston (N. L. Nov. 17-24, 1718).

Mary and Elizabeth, Alexander Miller, master, Robert
Remes [Homes], mate, from Londonderry; arr. Oct.
at Boston (N. L. Oct. 20-27, 1718; also Rev. W.
Homes 's Diary). Full of passengers. Cleared (N. L.
Pec. 8-15, 1718) ,

APPENDICES 321

Joseph and Mary, ship, Eben Allen, master, from [not
given] ; arr. [not given], at Boston. Outward bound
for Ireland (N. L. Dec. 8-15, 1718).

George, snow, Grashinham Salter, master, from [not
given] ; arr. [not given], at Boston. Outward bound
for Ireland (N. L. Dec. 29, 1718-Jan. 5, 1719).

1719

Jane, ship, John MacMaster, master, from Glasgow and
Belfast; arr. June 9, at Boston (N. L. June 8-15,
1719; Eecord Com. Rept. 13, p. 57). List of passen-
gers warned, p. 57.

[Name Not Given. Joseph ? ] Philip Bass, master, from
Londonderry; arr. Aug. 21, at Kennebec River (N.
L. Aug. 17-24, 1719). 200 passengers.

Globe, ship, John Mackay, master, from Dublin ; arr. Aug.
at Boston (N. L. Aug. 10-17, 1719). Sundry servants.

Joseph, ship, Samuel Harris, master, from Ireland; arr.

Sept. ?, at Boston (N. L. Aug. 31-Sept. 7, 1719). Six

men and boys and one woman's time.
Mary, schooner, Philip Rawlings, master, from Dublin ; arr.

Sept., at Boston (N. L. Sept. 21-28, 1719). Six weeks

passage.

Amsterdam, John Wakefield, master, from Ireland; arr.
Oct., at Boston (N. L. Oct. 12-19, 1719).

Elizabeth, ship, Robert Homes, master, from Ireland ; arr.
Nov. 3 ?, at Hull and Boston. (Mass. Resolves, 1719,
chapter 68.) About 150 passengers, some with small-
pox. List of warnings (Record Com. Rept. 13, p. 63).

322 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

[Name Not Given.] Dennis, master, from Ireland;

arr. Nov., at Boston. List of persons warned. (Rec-
ord Com. Rept. 13, p. 64).

Mary and Abigail, Eben Allen, master, from [not given] ;
arr. [not given], at Boston. Outward bound for Ire-
land (N. L. Nov. 30-Dee. 7, 1719).

Gray-Hound, ship, Thomas Arnold, master, from [not
given] ; arr. [not given] , at Boston 1 Outward bound
for Ireland (N. L. Jan. 5-12, 1719-20).

1720

[Name Not Given.] William Jarvis, master, from [not
given] ; arr. [not given] , at Boston. Cleared for Ire-
land (N. L. April 4r-ll, 1720).

Amity, James Goodman, master, from Cork; arr. April, at
Boston (N. L. April 25-May 2, 1720). Outward
bound (N. L. May 9-16, 1720).

Joseph, Philip Bass, master, from [not given, Kennebec
River ?] ; arr. [not given] , at Boston. Outward bound
for Ireland (N. L. May 5-9, 1720).

Margaret, Luke Stafford, master, from Dublin; arr. Aug.
4, at Marblehead (N. L. Aug. 1-8, 1720). Nine weeks
voyage.

[Name Not Given.] Benjamin ? Marston, master, from
Ireland; arr. Aug., at Salem (N. L. Aug. 22-29, 1720).
Taken by pirates. Had several passengers.

[Name Not Given.] Nathaniel Jarvis, master, from Ire-
land; arr. between Aug. 29 and Sept. 5, at Boston (N.
L. Aug. 29-Sept. 5. 1720). See below.

APPENDICES 323

[Name Not Given.] Robert Homes, from Ireland; arr.

Aug. 28, at Boston. (Rev. W. Homes 's Diary.)

Homes may have been mate to Jarvis above.
Return, Jos. Newell, master, from Dublin; arr. Sept., at

Boston (N. L. Sept. 5-12, 1720).
Mary, schooner, Philip Rawlings, master, from Dublin ; arr.

Sept., at Boston (N. L. Sept. 21-28, 1720).
Joseph, Philip Bass, master, from Ireland; arr. Oct., at

Boston (N. L. Oct. 17-24, 1720).
Essex, brigantine, Robert Peat, master, from Ireland; arr.

July ?, at Salem (N. L. Oct. 17-24, 1720). Held up

by Capt. Thomas Roberts, a pirate.
Prosperity, Josiah Carver, master, from Ireland ; arr. Nov.,

at Boston (N. L. Nov. 21-28).
Experiment, George Read, master, from Londonderry ; arr.

Dec, at Boston (N. L. Dec. 5-12, 1720). Cleared for

Ireland (N. L. Dec. 19-26, 1720).

APPENDIX II
The Petition to Governor Shute in 1718

The petition which now hangs in the rooms of the New
Hampshire Historical Society at Concord can still be read,
with the exception of a few names which have faded out
since Mr. Parker, the historian of Londonderry, copied
them in 1850. These are now given between brackets. The
address occupies the top of the sheet, extending across its
face. The words ' ' To His Excellency the Right Honourable

Colonel Samuel Suitte, Governour of New England "

do not fill an entire line, but are written large and are cen-
tred. The rest of the address reads: "We whose names
are underwritten Inhabitants of y* North of Ireland Doe in
our own names and in the names of many others our neigh-
bours, Gentlemen, Ministers, Farmers and [End of line]
Tradesmen, Commissionate and appoint our trusty and well
beloved Friend The Reverend M r William Boyd of Mac-
asky to repair to His Excellency the Right Honourable
[End of line] Collonel Samuel Suitte Governour of New
England, and to assure His Excellency of our sincere, and
hearty Inclinations to Transport our selves to that very ex-
cellent and [End of line] renowned Plantation upon our
obtaining from his Excellency suitable incouragement. And
further to act, and Doe in our names as his Prudence shall
direct. Given under [End of line] our hands this 26th day
of March Annoq Dom. 1718."

Below this address are the autograph signatures, ar-

APPENDICES

325

ranged in eight columns of equal length. Where Mr. Par-
ker's rendering of a name differs from my own I have given
Parker's form below in italics. A question mark indicates
that although we may agree, the form is still open to
question. An asterisk marks names beginning with a small
written b. In these cases I read " Black,' ' not "Clark,"
' ' Beverelle, " not ' ' Ceverelle, " and ' ' Blaire, " not ' ' Claire. ' '
My study of the petition has been aided by holding a nega-
tive photographic plate before a strong light. I am in-
debted for this negative to the kindness of Miss Edith Shep-
ard Freeman, Librarian of the New Hampshire Historical
Society.

The names follow:

[First column at the left.]
James Alexander
James Nesmith
David Craig
Neall McNeall

Weall McNeall
Thomas Orr
William Caldwell
?Jas Moore Jr
?Wm. Slamon

Sam Gunion. Perfectly

distinct. Looks like Siem-

lon. Possibly for William

Slemmons
Matthew Love

Lord
Robrt Knox
Alexdr McGregore
James Trotter
Alexander McNeall
Robert Roe

Roo

Joseph Watson
Robert Millar
John Smeally
Much faded.
John Morieson
James Walker
Robert Walker
Robert Walker

His

Wilam X Calual
mark
Calwall. Difficult
William Walker

His mark
Samuel X Young
Alexander Richey
James Morieson

His mark
Josheph X B ever lam

His ^ mark
Robert Crage
John Thomson
Thompson. Clear

326

SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

Hugh Tomson
James Still
James Hoog
Thomas Hanson
John Hanson
Ritchard Etone
James Etone
Thomas Etone
Samuell Hanson
James Cochran
James Hulton
Thomas Hultone

Haseltone. Or ffultone
John Cochrane
William Cochrane

His

Samuel X Hunter

mark
[John Hunter]

[Second column.]

Thomas Hunter

His
Daniel X McKerrel

mark
ffergos Kenedey
Horgos (?)
His
?John X Setone
mark
Suene (?) Well written,
but elusive.
Adam X Dickey
His mark
Ditkoy
Alexander Kid
Thomas Lorie
Thomas Hines

His
Will X Halkins
mark

Georg Anton
John Colbreath
♦William Baird

Caird
John Gray
?John Hostowne

Woodman (?) Last four

letters very clear.
Andrew Wattson
William Blair
Joseph Blair

His
Hugh X Blare

mark
William Blare
Samuel Anton
James Knox
Robert Hendry
John Knox
William Hendry
William Dunkan
David Duncan
John Muree

Murray?
James Gillmor
Samuel Gillmor
Alexander Chocran
Edward M Kene
John Morduck

His
?Samuel X M°Mun

mark
?Molcam Calual

Henry Calual
Thomas McLaughlen
Robert Hoog
John Millar
Hugh Calwell
William Boyd

APPENDICES

327

John Stirling
Samuel Smith
John Lamond
Robert Lamond
Robert Knox
W m Wilson
W m Paterson

[Third column.]

Stephen Murdoch
Robertt Murdoch
John Murdoch
William Jennson
James Rodger
John Buyers
Robert Smith
Adam Dean
Randall Alexander
Thomas Boyd
Hugh Rogers
John Craig
Wm Boyle
Benj Boyle
Ja. Kenedy
M'G. Stirling

A blot comes between the

M. and the S.
Samuel Ross
John Ramsay
John McKeen
James Willsone
Robert McKeen
John Boyd
Andrew Dunlap
James Ramsay
William Park
John Blair
James Thompson
Lawrence McLaughlen

Will Campibell
James Bankhead
Andrew Patrick
James McFee
?James Tonson

Or Temen?
Gorg Anton
James Anton
George Kairy
Thomas Freeland

[Fourth column.]

Peter Simpson
Thomas M'Laughlen
Robert Boyd
Andrew Agnew
James King
Thomas Elder
Daniel Johnstone
Robert Walker
David Jonston
James Steuart
John Murray
Thomas Blackwel
Thomas Wilson
John Ross
William Johnston
John King
Andrew Curry
?John Leech

Parker omits. Looks

like Jueeh.
?James Brighym

Parker omits.
Samuel Code
♦James Blak
Thomys Gro
Thomys Anton
James Gro

328

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

*John Black

Clark
Thomas Boyd
Andrew McFaden

Thomas McFaden
David Hanson
Richard Acton
*James Blaire

Claire
Thomas Elder
♦Jeremiah Blaire

Claire
♦Jacob Black

Clark
Abram Baverly

[Fifth column.]
Robert Johnston
Thomas Black
Peter Murray
John Jameson
John Cochran
Samuell Gonston
Thomas Shadey
William Ker
Thomas Moore
Andrew Watson
John Thonson
James McKerrall
Hugh Stockman
Andrew Cochren
♦James Barkley

Carkley
Laurence Tod

Bod
?Sandrs Mear
John Jackson
James Curry
James Elder

James Acton
?Gorg Gregory

Parker omits.
Samuel Smith
Andrew Dodg
James Forsaith
Andrew Fleeming
Gorge Thomson
James Brouster
Thomas Kengston

Parker omits.
James Baverlay

[Sixth column.]
James Smith
James Smith
Patrick Smith
♦Sameuel Beverelle

Ceverelle
James Craig
Samuel Wilson, M. A.
Gawen Jirwin
Robert Miller
Thomas Wilson
William Wilson
James Brice
Ninian Pattison
James Thompson
Jon Thompson
Robt Thompson
Adam Thompson
Alexander Pattison
Thomas Dunlop
John Willson
David Willson
John Moor
James M^Keen
John Lamont
John Smith

APPENDICES

329

Patrick Orr

?Boniel Orr

William Orr

John Orr

Jeams Lenox

John Leslie

John Lason

?John Colvil

Samuel Wat

James Crafort

James Henderson

Matheu Slarroh

David Widborn

Luk Wat

Robert Hendre

William Walas

Thomas Walas

?Thomas Enoch
Cewch?

William Boyd

William Christy

John Boyd

William Boyd

Hugh Ker
The last nineteen are pos-
sibly in one handwriting.

[Seventh column.]

Alexr McBride, Phar.

Bart. There never was a
Baronet of this name.

Sam : McGivern

John Murdoch
Hurdoch

Geo Campbell

James Shorswood

John McLaughlen

Georg McLaughlen

Laurence McLaughlen

?John Hezlet

Faded.
George McAlester
Thomas Ramadge
James Campbell
David Lindsay

Robt Giveen

James Laidlay
Benjamen Gait
Daniell Todd
Robt Barr
Hugh [Hollmes]
Robt King
John [Black]
Thomas Ramsay
James [Henry]
Francis [Richie]
James Gregg
Robert Boyd
Hugh Tarbel
David Tarbel

His
John X Robb

mark
?Peatter Fulltone

Jeatter Fueltone.

Possibly John
Robt Wear
[Alex'r Donnaldson]
[Arch'd Duglass]
[Robert Stiven]
Robt [Henry]
[James Pettey]
David Bigger
David [Patteson]
?David Mitchell

Parker omits.
John Wight

330

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Joseph Wight
Robt Willson
James Ball
?Andrew Cord

Or Coxe?
James Nesmith
Peter Christy

[Eighth column.]

Jas Teatte, V. D. M.
Thos Cobham, V. D. M.
Robert Neilson, V. D. M.

Houston
Will: Leech, V. D. M.
Robert Higinbotham, V. D. M.
John Porter, V. D. M.
Hen: Neille, V. D. M.
Tho. Elder, V. D. M.
James Thomson, V. D. M.
William Ker
Will: McClben

McAlben
Willeam Jeameson

Or Jennieson?
Wm Agnew

Jeremiah Thompson
Jahon Andrson
George Grege
Andrew Dean
Alexr Dunlop, M. A.
Arch McCook, M. A.
Alex'r Blair
?Boulonget Cochran

Parker says B. Cochran.

Fairly clear, but elusive.
William Gait
Peter Thompson
Richart McLaughlen
?John Mccan

Muar
*John Black
?John Thompson
Samuel Boyd
John Mitchell
James Paterson
Joseph Curry
David Willson
Patrick Anderson
John Gray
James Greg

APPENDIX III

Andrew McFadden's Transplanting from Garvagh in
the County of Derry to Merrymeeting Bay in 1718

(Copied by Mr. John H. Edmonds from Supreme Court Files, Suffolk
County, Massachusetts, Vol. 895, p. 71)

Jane Macfadden of Georgetown about 82 Years of Age
testify eth and Saith that She with her late husband An-
drew Macfadden lived in the Town of Garvo in the County
of Derry on the ban "Water in Ireland belonging to one
Esq r Fullinton being a pleasant place and call'd Summer-
sett and about Forty Six Years ago my Husband and I
removed from Ireland to Boston and from Boston we moved
down to Kennebeck-River and up the River to Merry-
Meeting Bay and set down on a point of Land laying be-
tween Cathance River and Abagadussett River and oppo-
site and a litte to the Northward of Brick Island So call'd
and Said point was then call'd by every Body Cathance
point at that day and by no other Name, and As my hus-
band was aclearing away the Trees to Merry-Meeting Bay
he Said it was a very pleasant place and he thought it was
like a place call'd Summersett on the ban Water in Ireland
where they lived and that he would give it the Name of
Summersett after that in Ireland which he did and it hath
gone by the Name of Summersett ever Since, which is now
about Forty five Years ago and at that time there was No
Settlement on Kennebeck-River above Arowswick Island
excepting Our family and two more that she knew of and

332 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

there is a large Fish in Kennebeck-River call'd Sturgeon
which Jumps plentifully in the Summer time from the
Mouth of the River Kennebeck where it empty's it Self into
the Sea Near Sequin Island clear up to Teconnett at Fort
Hallifax where I have often been and there is a Number
of Vessells which Yearly come to catch these Sort of Fish
called Sturgeons and the general place where the Vessells
lay is at the head of Arowswick Island about Twelve Miles
from the Sea, and Some Vessells lay at Merry-Meeting Bay
to catch the Said Fish and the general place for catching
Said Sturgeon Fish was in Long Reach and Merry-Meet-
ing Bay there being the greatest plenty as I always un-
derstood and the Vessels that generally come for those
Sturgion fish were Small Schooners and the Deponant
further Saith that the Plymouth or Kennebeck Proprietors
have made large Settlements on Kennebeck river and are
still making them Continually —

Her

Jane X Mcfadden

mark

Pounalborough June 19: th 1766—

I7S-

APPENDIX IV

(A) Members of the Charitable Irish Society in

Boston

Edward Allen, 1737 ; Edward Alderchurch, 1737 ; Joseph
Austin, 1739; Robert Auchmuty, Esq., 1740; David Allen,
1740; Adam Boyd, 1737; Thomas Bennett, 1737; Michael
Bourns, 1738 ; Samuel Black, 1738 ; George Boulton, 1738 ;
Philip Breaden, 1739; John Beath, 1739; James Clark,
1737; John Clark, 1737; Alexander Caldwell, 1738; An-
drew Canworthy, 1739; Thomas Cumerford, 1741; Robert
Duncan, 1737; William Drummond, 1737; James Down-
ing, 1737; George Draper, 1737; Samuel Douse, 1738;
William Dunning, 1739 ; Peter Dillon, 1739 ; Henry Dun-
worth, 1739 ; Walter Dougherty, 1739 ; Hugh Dorus, 1739 ;
James Dalton, 1740 ; William Davis, 1740 ; Michael Derby,
1740; James Egart, 1737; William Edgar, 1739; William
Freeland, 1737; William French, 1739; George Ferguson,
1739; Patrick Fitzgibbon, 1739; Owen Fergus, 1739;
John Farrel, 1740; Daniel Gibbs, 1737; George Glen, 1737;
James Gardner, 1737; Michael Geoghegan, 1737; John \^
Griffin, 1738; Joseph Gilmore, 1739; John Gradon, 1739;
Robert Glen, 1741; William Hall, 1737, President; John
Hoog, 1738; John Hutchinson, 1739; Andrew Holmes,
1739; John Harper, 1739; Frederick Hamilton, 1740;
James Hughes, 1740; William Holmes, 1740; Andrew
Knox, 1737; David Kennedy, 1737; Adam Knox, 1737;
John Little, 1737; Joseph Lewis, 1738; Thomas Lawler,

334 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

1739; Daniel McFfall, 1737; James Mayes, 1737; Samuel
Moore, 1737; Philip Mortimer, 1737; Patrick Motley, 1737;
Thomas Molony, 1737 ; David Moore, 1738 ; John MacMur-
phy, 1738; Adam McNeil, 1738; James McCrillis, 1738;
Thomas McDaniel, 1738; James McFaden, 1738; Lodowic
McGowing, 1739 ; Michael Malcolm, 1739 ; John McCleary,
1739 ; John Moony, 1739 ; Rev. John Moorehead, 1739, here
in 1727; Hugh McDaniel, 1737; David Miller, 1739; Sam-
uel Miller, 1740; James McHord, 1740; Rev. ■William
McClennehan, 1741; Archibald McNeil, 1743; William
Moore, 1743; Neill Mclntire, 1743, President; John Noble,
1737; Daniel Neal, 1737; James Nelson, 1738; Arthur
Noble, 1740; Isaac Orr, 1737; Peter Pelham, 1737; John
Poyntz, 1737; John Powers, 1739; William Patton, 1739;
John Quig, 1738; Francis Richey, 1737, Vice-President;
Kennedy Ryan, 1739; Joseph St. Lawrence, 1737; Wil-
liam Stewart, 1737; Samuel Sloane, 1738; Robert Sloane,
1738; William Sherrard, 1739; James Stet, 1739; Isaac
Savage, 1739; David Stanley, 1741; Archibald Thomas,
1737; Patrick Tracy, 1737; William Toler, 1738; James
Tabb, 1739; Robert Temple, Esq., 1740; John Thompson,
1740; John Tanner, 1741; Nathaniel Walsh, 1737; Patrick
Walker, 1737; John Whitley, 1738; Peter Williams, 1738.

(B) Names of Fathers on the Presbyterian Baptismal
Records in Boston, 1730-1736

Robert Patton, Andrew Simson, Daniel Camble, Robert
Knox, Samuel Millar, Samuel Sloan, Patrick Camble, John
Little, John McCurdy, William Hogg, James Moor, John
Watts, James Crozier, Robert Rutherford, Robert Morton,

APPENDICES 335

Samuel Smith, John Tom, Robert Kirkland, Alexander
Wilson, John Young, Robert Hodge, William Shirlow,
Elizabeth Hutchinson, William Patterson, Patrick Walker,
Robert Wilson, William Camble, Francis Lee, James Max-
well, William Chessnutt, Jeramiah Smith, James MaClure,
John Harper, David MaClure, James Tatt, James MacQuis-
tion, Robert Speer, Allen Whippie, David MaClare, Roan-
ald Stewart, John Smith, Henry Hodge, Rev. Mr. Moor-
head, George Sinclair, Robert Knox, Thomas Mitchel, Rob-
ert Hodgen, John Gwinn, Andrew Knox, Andrew Nichols,
Robert Dixon, Ephraim Kile, John MacDugall, John Pharr,
Hugh Mickleravie, Robert Ross, Samuel MaClure, Abra-
ham Aul, Charles MaClure, Marnaduck Black, John Quigg,
William Bryant, William Cammeron, John Walker, Wil-
liam Hays, James Hart, William Micklevain, Edward Al-
len, Patrick White, John MaClure, Alexander Orr, James
Mayes, Richard MaClure, William MaClinto, Duncan
MaClane, Patrick Chambers, John Lough, Samuel Smith,
John Fulton, John Karr, John Turk, Benjamin Frizwell,
Robert Montgomery, Ezekiel McNichols, William Mickle-
roy, David Tweed, James Davidson, Henry Hodge, Sam-
uel Karnachan, John Davis, John MacKachan, Daniel
McNeal, John Watts, John Dicky, Robert Hill, William
Lindsay, James Perry, Robert Speer, Robert Cunningham,
John Jonston, Robert Burns, Henry Kelly, Robert Wilie,
James Robinson, James MaCalan, Andrew Menford, Wal-
ter Topham, Alexander Watts, James Willis, David
White, George Sinclair, Gawin Hemphill, James Baird,
Michael Burns, James Tate, Archbald Tomb, James Hart,
John Moor, James Gaudy, William Freeland, John Clerk,
William Williamson, Robert Scott, William Dame, John

336 SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Lockhead, John MacKisick, Alexander Cumings, Robert
Work, John Kerr, Samuel Gibson, Simon Eliot, Archibald
Thomson, Thomas Harkness, William Harmon, William
Moor, Thomas Brown, Gilbert Hides, George Hogg, Rob-
ert Dunlop, John Britton, James Cowan, Thomas Lawry,
Thomas Boggle, James Carlile, Alexander MaClery, Hugh
Gregg, John Kennedy, John Alison, Humphrey Caldbreath,
James Long, John Bell, Robert Cuthbertson.

APPENDIX V

Vital Records of Towns in Ulster, Begun Before 1755

Birth, marriage and death records in Ulster at the time
of the Protestant migration to America are very meagre.
Those which relate to members of the Established Church
rarely reach back to this period except in the large towns
and cities, and facts concerning members of dissenting
chapels are still less common. It must be said, however,
that many dissenters were married and buried by the
Episcopal rector or curate, to satisfy the law. For this
reason, and because members of Presbyterian families not
infrequently " conformed' ' in order to hold public office,
the following list of vital records will be of service. It is
from the Appendix to the 28th report of the Deputy Keeper ^
of the Public Records in Ireland. An asterisk means that
the records are in local custody. Italics indicate that the
records are in the Public Record Office in Dublin.

338

SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

Town and Connty.

♦Antrim, Antrim

* Ardkeen, Down ,

Ardstraw, Tyrone.

*Bailieborough or

Moybolgue, Oavan . .

Ballyphilip, Down

Belfast :
* St. Anne, Shankill

Cappagh, Tyrone

*Carrickfergus, Antrim .

Clondehorky, Donegal

Clonfeacle, Tyrone

Clonleigh, Donegal

*Coleraine

Comber

*Derry Cathedral

(Templemore)

*Derryaghey, Antrim

*Donaghendry, Tyrone . .

*Down, Down

*Drumachose, Derry

*Dumglass, Tyrone

*Drumholm, Donegal. . . .
*Ematris, Monaghan

Enniskillen, Fermanagh .

*Glenavy, Antrim

*Killeshandra, Cavan . . . .

*Killyman, Tyrone

Kilmore, Cavan

*Lisburn, Antrim

Lissan, Derry

*Loughgall, Armagh . .

*Magherafelt, Derry . . .

*Magheralin, Down . . .
Mull'aghbrack, Armagh
Newtownards, Down.

*Saintfield, Down

*Seagoe, Down

♦Shankill, Down

Tamlaghtard, Derry..

Baptisms.

1700-1755
1746-

1728-

1744-
1745-

1745-
1758-
1740-
1756-
1743-
1759-
1769-
1683-

1642-

1696-1738

1734-1768

1750-

1728-

1600- ?

1691-

1753-

1666-

1707-

1735-

1741-

1702-

1639-1646

1661-

1753-

1706-1729

1718-

1692-

1737-

1701-1736

1724-1757

1672-1731

1735-

1681-

1747-

Marriages.

Burial.

1700-1756

1746-

1743-

1744-
1745-

1745-
1758-
1740-

1700-1754
1746-

1761-
1764-
1769-
1683-

1642-
1696-1738

1752-

1728-

1754-1766

1691-

1753-

1666-

1813-

1735-

1741-

1702-

1661-

1752-

1706-1729

1718-

1692-

1737-

1701-1736

1734-1757

1676-1731

1735-

1676-

1747-

1745-

1745-
1758-
1740-

1736-
1764-
1769-
1683-

1642-
1696-1738

1752-

1728-

1754-1767

1691-

1753-

1666-

1707-

1735-

1741-

1702-

1661-

1753-

1706-1729

1718-

1692-

1737-

1691-1731

1735-

1675-

1747-

APPENDIX VI
Home Towns of Ulster Families, 1691-1718

Since the ministers of dissenting congregations had little
or no legal standing during the earliest years of the
emigration to New England their records of births, mar-
riages and death do not appear to have been preserved,
except in isolated cases. But the records of presbytery
and synod were kept with great care, and the latter have
been printed to the year 1820. They give the name of the
ruling elder in each congregation for the year of the gen-
eral synod, and often the names of commissioners sent to
the synod to represent local interests. Names of witnesses
in cases which came before the synod also help to establish
the home towns of Presbyterian families. Names of Ulster
towns are usually given here as they are spelled in the rec-
ords. A complete list of Irish townlands was printed at
Dublin in 1861 under the title " Census of Ireland. Index
to townlands and Towns, Parishes and Baronies." The
meeting houses stood in the towns here given, but some
parishioners lived in adjoining towns. The site of the
meeting house and the bounds of each church's influence
were subjects for contention at the meetings of presbytery
and synod.

R. E. means Ruling Elder.

C. stands for Commissioner.

W. stands for Witness and P. means Petitioner.

The Cathedral records of Londonderry have been copied

340

SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

from the supplement to Mr. Morrison's History of Wind-
ham. A few references to families may be found in the
Journal of the Association for the Preservation of the
Memorials of the Dead in Ireland. Additional information
might have been gathered from the Ulster Journal of
Archaeology.

A

Acheson, George, R E 1711
Achinvole, Samuel, R E 1716
Adair, Alexander, C 1708

Robert, C 1709

Thomas, R E 1711

William, R E 1698
Agnew, Alexander, R E 1706

Andrew, R E 1717

James, R E 1707

John, R E 1708, 15, 18

Mr William, C 1714
Aiken, William, 1709
Aitken, James, R E 1707, 11, 15
Allen, Hector, R E 1706, 10, 12

James, R E 1697

John, R E 1694, 1704, 11, 12,
15

John, R E 1704

John, R E 1718

Patrick, C 1691, 1701

Robert, C 1718

Thomas, R E 1713

William, R E 1706
Allison, John, R E 1712*

Thomas, bapt. 1663
Anderson, Archibald, R E 1717

Isaac, m. 1727 Margaret
Cochran

James, R E 1710, 15

Samuel, R E 1710

Donegal, Donegal
Ballycarry, Antrim
Belfast, Antrim
Drogheda, Louth
Sligo, Sligo
Ballymena, Antrim
Loughbrickland, Down
Belfast, Antrim
Ballymoney, Antrim
Pinvoy, Antrim
Minterburn, Tyrone
Ballycogly, Derry?
Ballinderry, Antrim
Stonebridge, Monaghan
Randalstown, Antrim

Cairncastle, Antrim
Ballykelly, Derry
Randalstown, Antrim
Dunagor (Donegore, Antrim?)
Garvachy, Down
Corboy and Tully, West Meath
Garvagh, Derry
Donaghmore, Down
Londonderry
Fannet, Donegal

Londonderry
Dunean, Antrim
Ballymena, Antrim

APPENDICES

341

Andrews, Robert, C 1708
Mr Robert, R E 1712
Thomas, R E 1705
William, C 1708, 11

Aebuckle, James, R E 1703, 13,

16, C 1708
Abeskin, Robert, R E 1709, 17
Armour, John, R E 1704

John, R E 1711
Armstrong, Andrew, R E 1707

George, C 1715

John, C 1708

John, R E 1708, 14

John and Janet, 1681

Joseph, bapt. 1711

Robert, C 1692

Robert, R E 1705

Thomas, R E 1707

Thomas, R E 17£4

William, R E 1711

William, R E 1717
Atcheson, George, R E 1709
Austin, James, C 1706

Belfast, Antrim
Belfast, Antrim
Ramelton, Donegal
Glen and Drumbanagher,
magh

Belfast, Antrim
Strabane, Tyrone
Dromore, Down
Maghera, Derry
Castledawson, Derry
Monaghan, Monaghan
Belfast, Antrim
Cavanaleck, Tyrone
Londonderry
Londonderry
Maghera, Derry
Castledawson, Derry
Ballybay, Monaghan
Clogher, Tyrone
Connor, Antrim
Braid, Antrim
Donegal, Donegal
Coleraine, Derry

Ar-

B

Bagnol, Mr Alexander, C 1718
Ballentine, James, C 1708

James, R E 1708, 9, 12, 16, 17
Bankhead, Hugh, C 1691, 1706,

R E 1698
Barber, Adam, R E 1706

David, R E 1706, 9

John, R E 1705
Barnet, John, married 1681

Katherine Gilpatrick

John, 1709

Dublin

Newry?, Down
Newry, Down

Coleraine, Derry
Markethill, Armagh
Limavady, Derry
Omagh, Tyrone

Londonderry
Ballycogly, Wexford

S42

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Babnet, Robert, R E 1697

William, married 1665,
Catherine Vance
Bare, Charles, of Raphoe, mar.

1684, Janet Ramsey
Batho, John, of Derry m. 1701

Ann Patterson
Bayly, Alexander, RE 1710

, Mr., C 1717

Bety, James, R E 1712, 18

Richard, R E 1698

Richard, R E 1694

Thomas (Beatie), C 1712, 15

Thomas, R E 1694

William, C 1692

William, R E 1714

William (Beatie), R E 1717
Beggs, James, R E 1706, 9, 11, 14
Bell, Alexander, R E 1711

Francis, R E 1710, 12, 14

Francis, C 1711, 14

James, R E 1711

Mr James, C 1717

John, R E 1694

John, R E 1698

John, C 1708

John, C 1708

Thomas and Jean, 1683

Thomas, 1709

William, R E 1694, 1705
Berry, Alexander, R E 1715

Thomas, R E 1704
Best, Thomas, R E 1706
Biddell, John, R E 1703
Biggar, Joseph, C 1708
Biggom, Hugh, R E 1715
Billsland, John, R E 1711, 18
Birney, Alexander, R E 1710

Carnmoney, Antrim

Londonderry

Londonderry

Taughboyne, Donegal

Bailee, Down

Antrim, Antrim

Anahilt, Down

Anahilt, Down

Hillsborough, Down

Ballinderry, Antrim

Upper Killead, Antrim

Derriloran, Tyrone

Ballynahinch, Down

Comber, Down

Ballycarry, Antrim

Drum, Armagh

Aughnacloy, Tyrone

Aghaloo, Tyrone

Comber, Down

Antrim, Antrim

Downpatrick, Down

Ahoghill, Antrim

Belfast, Antrim

Ballyroney or Moneymore, Derry

Londonderry

Tirkvillan, Derry?

Carrickfergus, Antrim

Saintfield, Down

Galway, Galway

Sligo, Sligo

Monreagh, Donegal

Belfast, Antrim

Keady, Armagh

Clough, Down

Cavanaleck, Tyrone

APPENDICES

343

Black, John, C 1708

Mr Samuel, C 1714, 15
Blackwood, John, R E 1706, 12,
16

Robert, R E 1716
Blair, Bryce, R E 1705, 8, 9, 15,
C 1708

James, R E 1703
Blakeley, David, R E 1712
Bolton, James and Margaret,

1682
Bones, John, R E 1712
Boy, Francis, R E 1698
Boyd, Adam and Katreen, 1678

Archibald, R E 1698

David, C 1692

Hugh, R E 1708, 11

Hugh, C 1708

James, R E 1704

James, R E 1716

John, R E 1704, 7, 10, 11,
13, 14, 15

John, P 1706

John, R E 1706

John, R E 1709

Robert, R E 1703

Robert and Joanna, 1688

Samuel, R E 171&

Thomas, C 1710

Thomas and Jean, 1687

William, married 1658
Agnes Young
Boyle, Henry, R E 1709

Thomas, R E 1713
Brady, William, R E 1711
Bralton, William, R E 1697
Bratton, John, C 1692
Brenan, Thomas, R E 1711, 15

Belfast, Antrim
Monaghan

Bangor, Down
Carrickfergus, Antrim

Belfast, Antrim
Donegore, Antrim
Holywood, Down

Londonderry
Donegore, Antrim
Burt, Donegal
Londonderry
Dervock, Antrim
Ballymoney, Antrim
Dervock, Antrim
Belfast, Antrim
Dervock, Antrim
Larne, Antrim

Brigh, Tyrone
Macosquin, Derry
Cookstown, Tyrone
Omagh, Tyrone
Ballymena, Antrim
Londonderry
Donaghmore, Down
Ballyhalbert, Down
Londonderry

Londonderry
Monreagh, Donegal
Islandmagee, Antrim
Ballyrashane, Antrim
Burt, Donegal
Taughboyne, Donegal
Carrickfergus, Antrim

344

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Brisbin, James, R E 1703
Brodly, Mr., R E 1712
Broomfield, William, R E 1707
Brown, Charles, R E 1713

Francis, R E 1715

George, R E 1692

Hugh and Elizabeth, 1683

Hugh, R E 1713

Hugh, R E 1717

James, R E 1703, 4, 15

James, R E 1709

James, R E 1694, 1710

James, R E 1708

John, C 1692

John, R E 1704

John, R E 1713

John, R E 1714

Mr John, P 1716

Patrick, R E 1705

William, R E 1706, 10

William, R E 1708

William, R E 1711

William, R E 1711

William, R E 1714
Browster, James, R E 1708
Bryce, Edward, Esq., C 1708, 18
Bryson, Archibald, R E 1718

James, R E 1715

James, R E 1705

James, R E 1708

John, R E 1703

John, R E 1712

Mr John, C 1717

Thomas, R E 1704

Thomas, R E 1707
Burnside, John, R E 1697
Buttle, David, C 1708

Mr George, C 1718
Byers, John, R E 1717

Cookstown, Tyrone
Strabane, Tyrone
Fintona, Tyron
Braid, Antrim
Glenarm, Antrim
Drumall, Antrim
Londonderry
Downpatrick, Down
Bangor, Down
Braid, Antrim
Ramelton, Donegal
Connor, Antrim
Donegal, Donegal
Carrickfergus, Antrim
Cookstown, Tyrone
Limavady, Derry
Killinchy, Down
Dungannon, Tyrone
Drum, Monaghan
Moneymore, Derry
Armagh, Armagh
Aughnacloy, Tyrone
Islandmagee, Antrim
Armagh, Armagh
Aghadowey, Derry
Belfast, Antrim
Stonebridge, Monaghan
Connor, Antrim
Antrim, Antrim
Cookstown, Tyrone
Moneymore, Derry
Coagh, Tyrone
Antrim, Antrim
Randalstown, Antrim
Lisburn, Antrim
Clogher, Tyrone
Belfast, Antrim
Belfast, Antrim
Clough, Down

APPENDICES

345

Caderwood, Hugh, R E 1709,
17

Mr Hugh, C 1718
Cairns, William, C 1691
Caldwell, David and Jean, 1683

James, R E 1703

John, R E 1692, 8

John, R E 1709

William, R E 1697
Cally, John, R E 1703, 17
Camond, Archibald, C 1711
Campbell, Alexander, R E 1694

Archibald and Janet, 1683

Cornelius, R E 1713

James, R E 1708

John, R E 1703, 4, 5

John, R E 1714

John, R E 1697, 1707

Jos., R E 1718

Matthew, R E 1697, 1706, 9

Patrick, R E 1704, 12

Robert, R E 1714

Robert, R E 1715

Thomas, R E 1705, 11, 13,
14

Thomas, R E 1706

William and Ann, 1683
Canny, John, R E 1698
Cargill, David, R E 1694, 1707,

17
Carlile, William, C 1698

William, R E 1710
Carr, James, R E 1697
Carson, Andrew, R E 1704

John, R E 1705

John, R E 1708

C

Drum, Monaghan
Cootehill, Ca'van
Clogher, Tyrone
Londonderry
Larne, Antrim
Cairncastle, Antrim
Ballindreat, Donegal
Ballindreat, Donegal
Kilraughts, Antrim
Donaghmore, Down
Antrim, Antrim
Londonderry
Ballyrashane, Antrim
Bailee, Down
Carnmoney, Antrim
Magherally, Down
Cairncastle, Antrim
Killead, Antrim
Dervock, Antrim
Dublin

Rathfriland, Down <-
Ballyrashane, Antrim

Ballybay, Monaghan
Aughnacloy, Tyrone
Londonderry
Ballynahinch, Down

Aghadowey, Derry
Blarise, Down?

(south of Lisburn)
Newry, Down *
Minterburn, Tyrone
Ardstraw, Tyrone
Cairncastle, Antrim
Ballyclare, Antrim

346

SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

Carson, Robert, R E 1697

Samuel, P 1718
Case, William, R B 1717
Chads, Henry, R E 1692, 8,
1704, C 1708

Henry, Jr., C 1708
Chalmers, Alexander, R E 1703
5, 15

Alexander, C 1711

David, R E 1697, 1709, 10

John, C 1711

John, R E 1705, 13, 18

John, R E 1706, 11

John, C 1708

Robert, R E 1705, 7, 14, 15
Chanceller, Robert, R E 1703
Charters, John, W 1704

Robert, R E 1706
Cherry, John, 1697
Clandevin, James, buried 1675
Clancy, William, R E 1708
Clark, James, R E 1718

John, R E 1694, 8, 1714, 16

John, R E 1704, 7, 11, 17

William, R E 1714
Cltjgston, James, R E 1697,
1704, 5

John, R E 1694
Cochran, Captain, C 1714

John, R E 1703

Robert, R'E 1710

Thomas, and Elizabeth,
1684
Coleman, David, R E 1707
Coltheart, John, R E 1706

Michael, R E 1703, 5
Comack, Mr John, C 1715
Conolly, James, C 1711

Strabane, Tyrone
Dublin?
Boveva, Derry

Belfast, Antrim
Belfast, Antrim

Tullylish, Down
Drumbanagher, Armagh
Cookstown, Tyrone
Donaghcloney, Down
Bailee, Down
Tullylish, Down
Belfast, Antrim
Dromore, Down *-
Drumbo, Down
Lisburn, Antrim
Lisburn, Antrim
Near Hillsborough, Down
Londonderry
Castlereagh, Down
Randalstown, Antrim
Lisburn, Antrim
Bailee, Down
Glenarm, Antrim

C lough, Down <*
Clough or Drumca, Down
Kinnaird, Tyrone
Garvagh, Derry
[Presbytery of Coleraine]

Londonderry
Donegore, Antrim
Carlingford, Louth
Ballywalter, Down r
Moira, Down
Drumbanagher, Armagh

APPENDICES

347

Corbet, Hugh, C 1713

Cbaig, David, R E 1692

Hugh, R B 1715

John, C 1710

John, R E 1717

John, R E 1716
Cbafobd, "} Archibald, R E
Cbawfobd, j 1703, 10

John, R E 1710

Malcom, R E 1694, 98, 1704,
13, 18

Oliver, R E 1716

Robert, R E 1704, 10, 12

Thomas, merchant, 1701

Thomas, R E 1707

William, C 1694, 1708

William, R E 1704

William, R E 1709
Crooks, John, R E 1712
Cudbebt, John, R E 1713

John, R E 1714
Cuddie, Alexander, R E 1707,
9, 10

James, C 1715
Culton, James, R E 1711
Culvebson, James, R E 1714
Cummin, Alexander, R E 1703

James, R E 1703

John, C 1715
Cunningham, Alexander, mar-
ried 1681 Mary Ran-
kin

Andrew and Mary, 1682

John and Grizell, 1705

John and Mary, 1684

Capt Michael, R E 1704

Drummarah (near

Down)
Ballyclare, Antrim
Macosquin, Derry
Ballywalter, Down
Cairncastle, Antrim
Randalstown, Antrim

Ballycarry, Antrim
Donegore, Antrim

Donegore, Antrim
Donagheady, Tyrone
Carrickfergus, Antrim
Belfast, Antrim
Belfast, Antrim
Belfast, Antrim
Omagh, Tyrone
Brigh, Tyrone
Dunmurry, Down
Killinchy, Down ^
Dublin

Dungannon, Tyrone
Moira, Down
Minterburn, Tyrone
Donaghmore, Down
Monaghan

Loughbrickland, Down
Kilraughts, Antrim

Londonderry
Londonderry
Londonderry
Londonderry
Glendermot, Derry

Dromore,

348

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEEES

Curry, David, R E 1708
Hugh, R E 1714
John, R E 1707

Letterkenny, Donegal
Ballymena, Antrim
Comber, Down

1)

Darragh, James, R E 1707
Davidson, John and Mary, 1705

John, R E 1710

Robert, R E 1706

Robert, R E 1713

Thomas, R E 1718
Davis, Theoplihis, 1650
Dawson, William, C 1692
Dayburn, Archibald, R E 1706
Dick, Quintin, C 1715

William, R E 1706
Dickson, Thomas, R E 1703

William, R E 1715
Dickey, Alexander, R E 1704

John, R E 1694, 8, 1704,
C 1701
Dingmore, Robert, C 1715
Dingwell, John, C 1711
Dinniston, John, R E 1698
Dixon, Hugh, R E 1710
Dobbin, Hugh, R E 1716
Donelson, Thomas, married

1725 Martha Parke
Donnaldson, John, R E 1704,

8, 16
Douglas, Henry, C 1692

William, C 1712
Drahame, George, R E 1707
Drenan, Archibald, R E 1716
Drennan, James, 1701
Duchall, Mr James, C 1718
Dugan, James, R E 1712

William, R E 1718

Ardstraw, Tyrone
Londonderry
Benburb, Tyrone
Braid, Antrim
Rathfriland, Down f
Urney, Tyrone
Londonderry
Carrickfergus, Antrim
Strabane, Tyrone
Ballymoney, Antrim
Randalstown, Antrim
Castlereagh, Down
Downpatrick, Down
Mourne, Down

Clare, Armagh
Ballymoney, Antrim
Congreg'n of Galway
Ballindreat, Donegal
Killinchy, Down
Bailieborough, Cavan

Londonderry

Islandmagee, Antrim
Lurgan, Armagh
Narrow- Water, Down
Newry, Down •'
Moneymore, Derry
Session of Carmony
Antrim, Antrim
Lurgan, Armagh
Markethill, Armagh

APPENDICES

349

Dunbar, Andrew and Mar-
garet, 1695
William, R E 1697
William, R E 1704

Duncan, Mr Anthony, C 1717
William, R E 1710

Dunlap, Adam, R E 1718

Dunlop, Allen, C 1694
James, R E 1694
Moses, R E 1703, 12, 15
Nathaniel, R E 1707, 8, 10
Mr Samuel, P 1716
William, R E 1692
William, R E 1704
William R E 1712

Dunn, James, 1709

Joseph, R E 1710, 13
Jorias, R E 1717
Peter, C 1698

Dunwoody, John, RE 1713

Dyatt, Hugh, C 1708

Dyke, James, C 1709

Londonderry
Ramelton, Donegal
Donaghmore, Donegal
Antrim, Antrim
Fintona, Tyrone
Keady, Armagh
Ballymoney, Antrim
Ballywalter, Down
Aghadowey, Antrim
Keady, Armagh
Athlone, Roscommon
Upper Killead, Antrim
Limavady, Derry
Keady, Armagh
Inniskillen

Randalstown, Antrim
Randalstown, Antrim
Down, Down
Drumbo, Down
Belfast, Antrim
Moneymore, Derry

Eccles, Hugh R E 1703, 16

John, C 1708
Edgar, John, R E 1698

John, R E 1717

John, R E 1716
Edwards, George, R E 1713, 18

James, R E 1707

Thomas, Esq., R E 1717
Egelsham, Thomas, R E 1717
Eudar, Samuel, R E 1708

Thomas, R E 1716
Empill, James, R E 1697
Ennis, Josias, R E 1715
Espy, William, R E 1713
Ewart, George, R E 1705, 7, 15

Killead, Antrim
Belfast, Antrim
Moira, Down
Dunean, Antrim
Dunmurry, Down
Clare, Armagh
Castlereagh, Down
Castlederg, Tyrone
Connor, Antrim
Burt, Donegal
Ballyrashane, Antrim
Aghadowey, Derry
Donegore, Antrim
Cookstown, Tyrone
Clare, Armagh

350

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

F

Fairise, John, W 1704
Fee, John, C 1715
Fenton, William, R E 1705
Ferguson, Andrew, 1709

Gilbert, C 1715

Richard, R E 1718

Dr Victor, C 1708, R E
1710, 17
Ferne, Anthony, C 1708
Ferns, Samuel, C 1710

Mr William, C 1714

William, R E 1716
Ferron, William, R E 1704
Ferry, Robert, R E 1706

Samuel, R E 1715
Ferrys, John, R E 1704
Ferys, John, R E 1707

John, R E 1712

William, R E 1715
Fettys, William, R E 1706
Finlay, James, R E 1718

William, R E 1698
Finnie, Robert, R E 1711
Fisher, James and Janet, 1661

James, R E 1707

John, R E 1698

John, R E 1707, 11, 16,
17, 18
Fleck, Hugh, 1709
Fleming, John, R E 1698
Forbes, James, R E 1716
Foster, John, R E 1694, 1704
Francis, John, R E 1718
Fraser, Mr James, R E 1717
Frisell, Hugh, R E 1717
Fulton, Peter, R E 1704

William, R E 1704, 6, 9

Dunmurry, Down
Monaghan

Islandmagee, Antrim
Drummullan, Derry?
Moira, Down
Lurgan, Armagh

Belfast, Antrim
Summer-hill, Fermanagh?
Summer-hill, Fermanagh?
Kinnaird, Tyrone
Glennan, Monaghan
Minterburn, Tyrone
Islandmagee, Antrim
Islandmagee, Antrim
Dunmurry, Down
Enniskillen, Fermanagh
Killeshandra, Cavan
Ballynahinch, Down
Downpatick, Down
Carrickfergus, Antrim
Sligo, Sligo
Ballindreat, Donegal
Londonderry
Benburb, Tyrone
Armagh, Armagh

Benburb, Tyrone
Achavan, Derry?
Ballyclare, Antrim
Bailee, Down
Ahoghill, Antrim
Bailieborough, Cavan
Loughbrickland, Down
Rathfriland, Down «-*
Macosquin, Derry
Cardonagh, Donegal

APPENDICES

351

G

Ga, George, R E 1704, 12, 17
Galbreath, Capt. Robert, C
1710

Capt. Robert, R E 1706, 9
Galland, Edward, R E 1706,

7, 13, 16
Galt, John, C 1691, 1709

Mr John, R E 1712
Garran, James, C 1691
Garvah, John, R E 1710
Gawdie, James, R E 1714
Gawdy, John, R E 1713
Gelsor, Alexander, R E 1714
Gemble, John, R E 1718

Peter, C 1715

Robert, R E 1714

Robert, R E 1718
Gibson, James, R E 1705
Gillis, Robert, R E 1718
Gilmore, Mr John, C 1714, 15

John, R E 1703
Givan, John, C 1715

Robert, C 1716
Glasgow, George, R E 1713

James, R E 1698, 1703

James, R E 1705
Glen, John, R E 1711
Gordon, Alexander, R E 1708,
18

John, R E 1706

John, R E 1711

John, R E 1705, 15

Rodger, R E 1698

Robert, R E 1705, 6

Robert, R E 1710

Samuel, R E 1705, 8, 15
GRACY, John, R E 17 IX

Downpatrick, Down

Summer-hill, Fermanagh?
Killeshandra, Cavan

Finvoy, Antrim
Coleraine, Derry
Coleraine, Derry
Maghera, Derry
Ballyrashane, Antrim
Newtownards, Down
Drumbo, Down
Donaghmore, Down
Ballykelly, Derry
Ballymoney, Antrim
Donegore, Antrim
Londonderry
Clogher, Tyrone
Islandmagee, Antrim
Monaghan

Rathfriland, Down /~
Kilraughts, Antrim
Kilraughts, Antrim
Keady, Armagh
Randalstown, Antrim
Dunean, Antrim
Burt, Donegal

Ballycarry, Antrim
Larne, Antrim
Braid, Antrim
Maghera, Derry
Braid, Antrim
Castlereagh, Down
Loughbrickland, Down ■*
Aughnacloy, Tyrone
Enniskillen, Fermanagh

352

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Graham, John, C 1692

John, R E 1703

Richard, R E 1698, 1704, 7
Granger, Gawin, R E 1716

Thomas, R E 1706
Gray, Alexander, of Taugh-
boyne, married 1685,
Alice Jamison

Archibald, R E 1697

Gilbert, R E 1710, 13

John, C 1717
Greddin, Alexander, R E 1698,

1709
Greg, John, C 1708

Robert, R E 1705

Thomas, R E 1711
Grier, Hugh, C 1702

John, R E 1709, 14, 16

Timothy, C 1691
Grerson, Robert, C 1718
Griffith, John, R E 1697, 8
Gutry, William, R E 1710

Maghera, Derry
C lough, Antrim
Monaghan
Cushendall, Antrim
Dunmurry, Down

Londonderry
Ahoghill, Antrim
Magherally, Down
Antrim, Antrim

Corboy, West Meath
Belfast, Antrim
Enniskillen, Fermanagh
Cavanaleck, Tyrone
Brechy and Kells, Monaghau
Markethill, Armagh *•
Kinnaird, Tyrone
Kinnaird, Tyrone
Comber, Down
Ballykelly, Derry

Haliday, Samuel, R E 1716
William, R E 1697, 8

Hall, Gilbert, R E 1704, 7
Mr Robert, C 1715

Hamill, Neil, R E 1704, C 1715

Hamilton, Andrew, R E 1708
Archibald, C 1699

Capt. Gawin, C 1691
Henry, R E 1709
Hugh, W 1704
James, R E 1703
James, R E 1714, C 1715

H

Anahilt, Down
Glenarm, Antrim
Ballycarry, Antrim
Ballinderry, Antrim
Kilraughts, Antrim
Ramelton, Donegal
Killmakevet, Antrim

(north of Glenavy)
Tanoch-Neeve, Down
Ray, Donegal
Lisburn?, Antrim
Dundonald, Down
Holywood, Down

APPENDICES

353

Hamilton, John, C 1691

John, R E 1710

Mr John, C 1715
. Robert, R E 1694

Robert, R E 1708
Capt. Robert, C 1718
William, 1709

William, C 1710
Handcock, Major Thomas, C
1704

Major , R E 1708, 11

Hanna, Alexander, R E 1705
Hannah, John, R E 1703, 11
Hanyng, John, R E 1718
Hareshaw, James, R E 1718

John, R E 1711, 14
Harper, John, C 1709

Robert, R E 1713, 17
Harvey, John, C 1710
Hasleton, George, R E 1706, 15
Hastie, John, R E 1715
Hemphill, James, R E 1713
Henderson, Archibald, R E 1715

James, C 1715

Henry, Alexander, R E 1703

Daniel, C 1691

Hugh, R E 1706

Hugh, R E 1709

James, R E 1706, 17

James, R E 1712

Mr James, C 1715

John, RE 1704

Samuel, C 1717
Here, Nicholas, C 1715
Herron, Henry, C 1718

Tanoch-Neeve, Down

Limavady, Derry

Holywood, Down

Kirkdonnell (Same as Dundon-

ald, Down)
Monaghan
Drum, Monaghan
Ballydally

(Ballydawley, Derry?)
Killyleagh, Down -

Athlone, Roscommon
Letterkenny, Donegal
Loughbrickland, Down r
Dungannon, Tyrone
Newry, Down
Donaghmore, Down
Loughbrickland, Down *
Coleraine, Derry
Ahoghill, Antrim
Londonderry
Ballymena, Antrim
Ballycarry, Antrim
Macosquin, Derry
Convoy, Donegal
Twenty-Quarter Lands (Near

Ballymoney)
Newtownards, Down
Maghera, Derry
Aghadowey, Derry
Bangor, Down *
Ballymoney, Antrim
Castledawson, Tyrone
Ballymoney, Antrim
Dungannon, Tyrone
Sea Patrick, Down
Moira, Down
Sea Patrick, Down

354

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Hebbon, Hugh, R E 1706

James, R E 1711

James, R E 1710

Samuel, W 1704, R E 1708

Samuel, R E 1706

Samuel, P 1716, C 1718

William, R E 1710
Heylyn, Dominick, W 1707, 10
Hill, John, R E 1706

John, R E 1705

Joseph, R E 1718

William, C 1694
Hines, William, married 1649

Jane Morrison
Hog, James, R E 1716, 18

James, C 1708

James, 1709

John, C 1691
Holland, John, R E 1704, 8, 15

Stephen and Mary, 1703
Holmes, James, R E 1711

Robert, R E 1707, 12, 17
Hood, or Hud, David, R E 1697,

8, 1706, 8
Hook, John, R E 1703, 6, 8, 10
Hopes, John, R E 1698, 1707, 8
Hopkin, Robert, R E 1707, 12
Hopkins, Samuel and Eliza-
beth, 1696
Hobneb, John, married 1683

Jean Morison
Hoesbbugh, John, R E 1712

John, R E 1712
Houston, James, R E 1707, 10

Thomas, R E 1714

William, R E 1697

William, C 1712

Magherally, Down
Newry, Down
Vinecash, Armagh
Lisburn, Antrim
Bailee, Down
Sea Patrick, Down
Minterburn, Tyrone
Macosquin, Derry
Dunean, Antrim
Braid, Antrim
Dunean, Antrim
Near Aghadowey, Derry

Londonderry
Coagh, Tyrone
Coagh, Tyrone
Ballygurch, Derry?
Derriloran, Tyrone
Killyleagh, Down
Londonderry
Clough, Antrim
Islandmagee, Antrim

Carrickfergus, Antrim
Dromore, Down
Ballywalter, Down
Limavady, Derry

Londonderry

Londonderry
Ballycarry, Antrim
Omagh, Tyrone
Maghera, Derry
Ballyeaston, Antrim
Clough, Antrim
Ballymagra[an ?] Monaghan?
(Part of Aghaloo)

APPENDICES

355

How, James, R E 1709
Howat, William, R E 1694

William, R E 1703
Hudson, James, R E 1694
Hume, John, R E 1706
Hunter, Andrew, C 1706, 9
Andrew, R E 1703
John and Elizabeth, 1683
John, R E 1706, 8
Thomas, R E 1703
Thomas, R E 1703, 5
Thomas, R E 1717
Hutchen, Hugh, R E 1710
Hutcheson, James, R E 1718
Huy, Robert, R E 1709

Monaghan
Killinchy, Down
Comber, Down
Ballyclare, Antrim
Ballyeaston, Antrim
Coleraine, Derry
Ardstraw, Tyrone
Londonderry
Ballinderry, Antrim
Minterburn, Tyrone
Ballinderry, Antrim
Killead, Antrim
Ervey, Meath
Carnmoney, Antrim
Kilrea, Derry

Innis, Josias, R E 1706
Irwin, James, R E 1707
Thomas, R E 1710
William, C 1701

Donegore, Antrim
Killeshandra, Cavan
Killyleagh, Down
Ballynadrento (near Glenavy,
Antrim)

Ja, George, R E 1716
Jack, Andrew and Eleanor,

1713
Jackson, Gilbert, R E 1711, 18

James, R E 1717

Peter, C 1699

Mr Thomas, C 1717
Jameson, John, R E 1709, 16

Marmaduke, R E 1692

Thomas, R E 1715
Jamison, John, R E 1697

Thomas, R E 1710
Johnson, Duncan, C 1708

Downpatrick, Down

Londonderry
Newtownards, Down
Larne, Antrim
Antrim, Antrim
Antrim, Antrim
Donegore, Antrim
Braid, Antrim
Anahilt, Down
Anahilt, Down
Anahilt, Down
Coagh, Tyrone

356

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEEES

Johnston, James, 1709

James, R E 1703, 11, 12, 16

James, C 1708

James, R E 1716

John, R E 1697, 1704

John, R E 1710

John, R E 1716

John, W 1708

Mr Thomas, C 1714

Thomas, C 1715

William, R E 1692

William, R E 1707

Capt. William, C 1717
Jones, Richard, R E 1713

Drummullen, Derry?
Armagh

Rathfriland, Down ~
Ballyroney, Down -
Rathfriland, Down ■
Strabane, Tyrone
Drumbo, Down
Belfast, Antrim
Trewgh, Monaghan
Ballinderry, Antrim
Broadisland, Antrim
Clough, Down
Antrim, Antrim
Glendermot, Derry

Kell, James, R E 1718
Kelso, Henry, W 1706

John, R E 1717
Kenkin, Richard, C 1708
Kennedy, Alexander, R E 1709

Arthur, Esq., C 1715

Arthur, R E 1713 16

David, R E 1698

David, R E 1703

David, R E 1712

Horace, C 1710

Hugh, R E 1711

James, C 1691

James, R E 1703, 6, 8, 12

James, R E 1706

James, R E 1709

James, R E 1718

Mr Jon., C 1715

Joseph, R E 1718

Thomas, R E 1717

William, R E 1705

William, R E 1709, 10

K

Vinecash, Armagh
Raphoe, Donegal
Templepatrick, Antrim
Coagh, Tyrone
Londonderry
Holywood, Down
Holywood, Down
Clough, Down
Killyleagh, Down
Cushendall, Antrim
Londonderry
Kilrea, Derry
Clogher, Tyrone
Donaghadee, Down
Dublin

Clogher, Tyrone
Rathfriland, Down *•
Holywood, Down
Ballyroney, Down <*
Ballynahinch, Down
Belfast, Antrim
Castledawson, Tyrone

APPENDICES

357

Kennedy, Mr William, C 1717
Keys, Roger, R E 1713
Ker, Hugh, R E 1705

James, R E 1705

James, R E 1709

John, married 1683 Mary
McCalam

Moses, C 1698

Robert, R E 1708, 10, 16

William, R E 1712
Kilgour, James, R E 1707
Kinear, Mr John, C 1717
King, James, R E 1711

Robert, R E 1698

Robert, R E 1705

William, R E 1718
Kinkead, James and Mary,

1705
Kinly, Daniel, W 1704, R E

1710
Kniven, William, R E 1697
Knox, Alexander, R E 1705, 7, 12,
Kyle, Jon., 1714

Robert, C 1691

William, married 1684
Mary Gee

Antrim, Antrim
Ballindreat, Donegal
Clogher, Tyrone
Minterburn, Tyrone
Donagheady, Tyrone

Londonderry
Donaghcloney, Down
Larne, Antrim
Tullylish, Down
Donagheady, Tyrone
Antrim, Antrim
Dunmurry, Down
Ballyeaston, Antrim
Randalstown, Antrim
Fintona, Tyrone

Londonderry

Lisburn, Antrim
Glendermot, Derry
Cookstown, Tyrone
Belfast, Antrim
Tanoch-Neeve, Down

Londonderry

Ladley, Joseph, R E 1718
Lamond, Andrew, R E 1711
John, C 1715
(See also Camond)
Lapsley, John, R E 1709
Lawrence, James, R E 1716
Lawrie, Andrew, R E 1714
La wry, John, R E 1708

Brigh, Tyrone
Donaghadee, Down
Ballymoney, Antrim

Glenarm, Antrim
Maghera, Derry
Bailee, Down
Donagheady, Tyrone

358

SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

Lawson, Alexander, R E 1712,
14, 16

John, R E 1713
Layon, Joseph, R E 1706
Leaths, Randal, R E 1710
Leman, James, C 1715
Lennan, John, R E 1697
Lennox, Mr Robert, C 1708, 9,

18
Lenox, Mr John, C 1712
Lernan, Matthew, C 1691
Lessly, John, R E 1692
Lester, George, R E 1698
Ligat, Alexander, R E 1711

John, C 1691

Jo., R E 1694-
Lindsey, Alexander, 1727

Mr John, R E 1712, 15

John, R E 1714

John, R E 1714
Linton, Robert, R E 1711, 14,
17

Robert, C 1712
Liston, John, R E 1714
Litton, Christopher, R E 1705
Livingston, William, R E 1697
Logan, Hugh, R E 1716

John, RE 1697
Logh, John, R E 1704

John, R E 1709
Loghridge, John, R E 1705
Lord, Mr John, C 1718
Lorimer, Andrew, R E 1712, 15

James, R E 1704, 16
Love, John, W 1704

John, C 1715

Robert, C 1692
Lowse, Hugh, R E 1714

Drum, Monaghan
Coagh, Tyrone
Ramelton, Donegal
Islandmagee, Antrim
Moira, Down
Limavady, Derry

Belfast, Antrim
Londonderry
Maghera, &c, Derry
Coleraine, Derry
Newry, Down
Glenarm, Antrim
Goleraine, Derry
Coleraine, Derry
Londonderry
Monreagh, Donegal
Carnmoney, Antrim
Cushendall, Antrim

Carlingford, Louth
Narrow-Water, Down
Newry, Down
Dublin

Ballynahinch, Down
Braid, Antrim
Braid, Antrim
Belfast, Antrim
Templepatrick, Antrim
Aghadowey, Derry
Dublin

Randalstown, Antrim
Ballyclare, Antrim
Coleraine?, Derry
Ballymoney, Antrim
Ballymoney, Antrim
Templepatrick, Antrim

APPENDICES

359

Luke, John, R E 1705
Lyle, James, R B 1712,

Thomas, C 1708
Lyn, John, R E 1708
Lynd, Adam, R E 1713

Bangor, Down
15 Larne, Antrim

Belfast, Antrim
Ballykelly, Derry
Cookstown, Tyrone

McAlexander, Mr Daniel, C

1718
McAllisteb, Alexander and

Ann, 1725
McAwin, James, C 1710
McBride, Andrew, R E 1694
McCala, John, R E 1703

Mr, R E 1714
McCall, James, R E 1716

John, R E 1706 C 1706
McCane, Alexander, C 1709,
R E 1715

Robert, R E 1716
McCartney, Alexander, R E
1717

George, C 1708

Isaac, C 1708, 18, R E
1709, 16
McClane, John, R E 1718
McClatchy, James, R E 1711

James, C 1717
McClellan, James, R E 1708

James, C 1718 (June)

John, R E 1706

John, R E 1710
McClinsky, William, R E 1708,

16
McClure, James, R E 1705, 12

James, R E 1710

James, C 1712

M

Cootehill, Cavan

Londonderry
Killyleagh, Down
Rathfriland, Down *
Finvoy, Antrim
Billy, Antrim
Keady, Armagh
Lurgan, Armagh

Moneymore, Derry
Dervock, Antrim

Killinchy, Down
Belfast, Antrim

Belfast, Antrim
Castlereagh, Down
Markethill, Armagh
Magherally, Down
Loughbrickland, Down
Magherally, Down
Maghera, Derry
Killeshandra, Cavan

Ballynahinch, Down
Markethill, Armagh
Ballinderry Antrim
Glenavy, Antrim

360

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

McComb, Alexander, R B 1707
McCome, Hugh, R E 1716

James, R E 1713
McComphy, Edward, R E 1692
McConchy, George, R E 1717

James, C 1715

Robert, C 1694

William, R E 1705

William, R E 1708

Mr William, C 1717
McConnell, James, R E 1715,

18
McCord, James, 1709

Thomas, 1709
McCormick, Andrew, R E 1708

Hugh, R E 1703

John, R E 1703, 7

William, R E 1708
McCracken, William, P 1711
McCrea, James, R E 1703
McCreigh, David, R E 1708

John, R E 1703

John, 1709
McCrery, William, R E 1718
McCullogh, David, R E 1714

Fergus, R E 1709

Henry, 1708

James, R E 1706

John, R E 1692

John, R E 1705

John, R E 1708, 10

John, R E 1718

Robert, R E 1708

Robert, R E 1703

William, R E 1712
McCully, Thomas, R E 1692
McCutchen, James, R E 1711,
15

Portaferry, Down
Portaferry, Down
Minterburn, Tyrone
Lisburn, Antrim
Moneymore, Derry
Monaghan
Armagh, Armagh
Ballyeaston Antrim
Ballymena, Antrim
Antrim, Antrim

Comber, Down
"In the Moor"
Edruna, Derry?
Carnmoney, Antrim
Portaferry, Down
Ballyclare, Antrim
Clough, Down
Letterkenny, Donegal
Ray, Donegal
Moneymore, Derry
Ballybay, Monaghan
Drumady, Derry?
Bangor, Down
Carrickfergus, Antrim
Minterburn, Tyrone
Belfast, Antrim
Ballynahinch, Down
Broadisland, Antrim
Ballycarry, Antrim
Ballybay, Monaghan
Larne, Antrim
Carlingford?, Louth
Vinecash, Armagh
Rathfriland, Down-
Ballyeaston Antrim

Portaferry, Down

APPENDICES

361

McCutchen, William, R E 1706
McDonnell, Robert, R E 1717,

18
McDowell, Daniel, R E 1717

John, R E 1713
McDug, Robert, R E 1713
McElwayne, John, R E 1710,

12, 18
William, R E 1697

McEntyr, Robert, R E 1705
McFarlin, John, R E 1716
McFedrick, Gilbert, R E 1710
McFerran, Patrick, C 1714, 18
McFrudin, Gib., R E 1697
McGahy, Samuel, R E 1718
McGarroch, John, R E 1716
McGau, Richard, 1709
McGee, John, R E 1710, 16
McGennis, Glassny, P 1712
McGie, Hugh, R E 1717
McGill, Hugh, C 1710

James, C 1718

Mr John, C 1713, R E 1712,

13, 16
John, Esq., 1708
John, R E 1710

McGlahry, Andrew, R E 1718
McGown, Cornet Alexander,

C 1715
Hugh, R E 1704, 13, 14, 16
McGuffock, Fergus, C 1714
McGusty, David, R E 1709
McIlwain, Andrew and Kath-

erine, 1726
McKa, John, R E 1717, 18
MacKee, David, married 1665

Margaret Patterson
James, R E 1707

Corboy, West Meath

Portaferry, Down
Markethill, Armagh
Newry, Down
Castledawson, Tyrone

Braid, Antrim
Moneymore, Derry
Donagheady, Tyrone
Badoney, Tyrone
Ballymoney, Antrim
Breaky, Monaghan?
Ballymoney, Antrim
Killinchy, Down
Comber, Down
Ballynarga, Tyrone
C lough, Down
Newry, Down
Donaghmore, Down
Ballywalter, Down
Girvachy, Down?

Dromore, Down
Rathfriland, Down -
Ballyeaston, Antrim
Glennan, Monaghan

Ballymoney, Antrim
Donaghadee, Down
Minterburn, Tyrone
Enniskillen, Fermanagh

Londonderry
Glenarm, Antrim

Londonderry
Drumbo, Down

362

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

MacKee, James, R E 1709

John, R E 1694

John, R E 1694

John, 1709

William, R E 1711
McKelly, Daniel, C 1694
McKenry, William, R E 1703
McKewn, Alexander, R E 1709
Mackey, John, R E 1703
Macky, Alderman, C 1716
McKibbin, Hugh, R E 1713

James, R E 1707, 12
McKinly, Patrick, R E 1705
McKitrick, John, C 1704

John, R E 1710
McKnaight, James, C 1698

James, R E 1703

John, W 1704

William, R E 1703
McKneely, John, R E 1715
McMaighan, William, R E

1711, C 1712, 15
McMaster, Mr George, C 1717

John, R E 1692, C 1717

John, R E 1705
McMuixen, John, 1708

Mr Robert, R E 1712, 14, 15,

William, 1709
McMurdy, Hans, C 1718
McMurran, Mr William, C 1716
McMurray, John, R E 1710

John, R E 1712

Robert, R E 1711
McNedny, Robert, R E 1715
McNeil, C 1718

Capt, O 1713, R E 1716

John, C 1708
McQuistin, David, R E 1710

Ballydally, Derry?

Moneymore, Derry

Maghera, Derry

Ballygurch (Ballygurk, Derry?)

Ballywalter, Down

Near Aghadowey, Derry

Carrickfergus, Antrim

Moneymore, Derry

Ramoan, Antrim

Londonderry

Newry, Down

Loughbrickland, Down

Ballyclare, Antrim

Kirkdonnell, Down

Cushendall, Antrim

Down

Downpatrick, Down

Lisburn, Antrim

Moira, Down

Bailieborough, Cavan

Moira, Down
Antrim, Antrim
Antrim, Antrim
Donegore, Antrim
Rathfriland, Down-
Ballyroney, Down
Millinaho, Derry?
Sea Patrick, Down
Monaghan
Comber, Down
Bailee, Down
Ballyroney, Down <
Castledawson, Tyrone
Belfast, Antrim
Dundalk, Louth
Coagh, Tyrone
Enniskillen, Fermanagh

APPENDICES

363

McRobebt, Andrew, R E 1717
McTyre, Andrew, RE 1707
Magee, James, R E 1708
Maglaghlin, Robert, R E 1704
Mahaffy, Hugh, R E 1709
Mains, John, R E 1712

John, R E 1714
Maiks, David, C 1715
Maithland, Alexander, R E

1704, 16
Man, John, R E 1714
Marshall, Mr Hugh, R E 1712

James, C 1691

Walter, R E 1713
Martin, Alexander, R E 1710

Colin, R E 1709

Daniel, R E 1710

David, R E 1710

James, R E 1711, 12, 13

James, R E 1715, 17

John, R E 1705

John, 1705

William, R E 1706
Maskimine, John, R E 1708
Mathew, John, R E 1705
Mathy, William, R E 1694
Matire, Maurice, R E 1706
Maxwell, Andrew, R E 1704

Andrew, C 1708, R E 1711

Arthur, R E 1706, 8, 10,
11, 12

Arthur, C 1712

William, R E 1705
Menzies, Adam, R E 1708
Mercer, John, R E 1697

John, R E 1703

Thomas, R E 1697
Metcalf, Mr George, R E 1709,
12

Kilmore, Down
Cardonagh, Donegal
Dunmurry, Down
Clough, Antrim
Ballybay, Monaghan
Saintfield, Down
Clough, Down
Ballinderry, Antrim

Enniskillen, Fermanagh
Islandmagee, Antrim
Clough, Down
Taughboyne, Donegal
Londonderry
Omagh, Tyrone
Killinchy, Down
Markethill, Armagh
Ballynahinch, Down
Carnmoney, Antrim
Castlereagh, Down
Lisburn, Antrim
Drumbo, Down
Belfast, Antrim
Downpatrick, Down
Dunmurry, Down
Glenarm, Antrim
Cavanaleck, Tyrone
Ballynahinch, Down
Belfast, Antrim

Drumbo, Down
Ballinderry, Antrim
Strabane, Tyrone
Stonebridge, Monaghan
Killead, Antrim
Dunmurry, Down
Enniskillen, Fermanagh

Dublin

364

SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

Metch, Mr, R E 1712
Miles, William, R E 1703
Millar, David, R E 1704, 16

John, R E 1712, 14

Mr John, C 1717

Robert, R E 1709

Robert, R E 1717
Milliken, Robert, C 1708

Thomas, R E 1707, 18
Milling, Archibald, R E 1715
Mills, Daniel, R E 1703, 5, 10

John, R E 1703
Mitchell, Alexander, 1709

David, C 1691

James and Jane, 1686

John, R E 1692, 1710, 13,
C 1705

John and Esther, 1686

William, R E 1718
Montgomery, Francis, C 1711

John and Joanna, 1682

John, R E 1717

Nathaniel, R E 1704, 7, 13,
17
Monypenny, Robert, C 1708
Moodie, John, R E 1714, 16
Moore, Adam, R E 1717

Alexander, C 1708

David, R E 1708

Francis, R E 1710, 17

Mr Francis, C 1718

Hugh, R E 1707

John, C 1694

John, R E 1703

John, R E 1705

John, 1706 (brother-in-law

of John Whitehead; Bar-

bary captive)

Cavanaleck, Tyrone
Anahilt, Down
Aghadowey, Derry
Ballyclare, Antrim
Antrim, Antrim
Fintona, Tyrone
Ballykelly, Derry
Belfast, Antrim
Ballynahinch, Down
Donaghadee, Down
Dublin

Macosquin, Derry
Liseasy, Tyrone
Donaghmore, Tyrone
Londonderry

Glenarm, Antrim
Londonderry
Belfast, Antrim
Cong'n of Galway
Londonderry
Donegore, Antrim

Tullylish, Down
Dundalk, Louth
Clare, Armagh
Ballyeaston, Antrim
Belfast, Antrim
Cairncastle, Antrim
Ballyroney, Down"
Magherally, Down
Omagh, Tyrone
Aghadowey, Derry
Aughnacloy, Tyrone
Macosquin, Derry

Coleraine, Derry

APPENDICES

365

"Moore, John, C 1711
John, R E 1712
John, R E 1713
John and Ann, 1699
John, married Elizabeth

Morrison, 1701
Patrick, R E 1708
Robert, R E 1697, 8
Robert, R E 1704, 8
Mr Robert, C 1714
Mr Robert, C 1718
Samuel, R E 1708
Thomas, R E 1707
Thomas, R E 1709
William, R E 1709
William, C 1706, 12, R E

1710, 12, 17
William, R E 1710, 12, C

1715
William, C 1712
Moorhead, Thomas, R E 1716

William, C 1694
Morehead, William, R E 1709
Morrison, James, R E 1714
James and Mary, 1701
Mr Joseph, C 1712, 16
Robert and Ann, 1683
Robert, R E 1709
Morson, James, R E 1698
Mundale, William, R E 1698
Murdoch, James, R E 1704

James, R E 1712
Murphy, Daniel, C 1708
Murray, Horas, R E 1706
James, R E 1707
James, R E 1713
William, R E 1711

Aghaloo, Tyrone
Newtownards, Down
Ballycarry, Antrim
Londonderry

Londonderry
Fintona, Tyrone
Killyleagh, Down
Monreagh, Derry
Ballymagraan?
Drum, Monaghan
Maghera, Derry
Ramelton, Donegal
Urney, Tyrone
Ray, Donegal

Moira, Down

Clough, Antrim
Ballymagraan?
Ballywalter, Down
Killinchy, Down
Ardstraw, Tyrone
Macosquin, Derry
Londonderry
Londonderry
Londonderry
Ballykelly, Derry
Donaghmore, Doneg*
Dunean, Antrim
Ballymena, Antrim
Maghera, Derry
Dundalk, Louth
Minterburn, Tyrone
Newtownards, Down
Comber, Down
Larne, Antrim

366

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEEES

N

Neil, Daniel, R E 1715

Robert, R. E 1717
Neilson, Alexander, R E 1707

Robert, R E 1694, 1707

Robert, R E 1697, 8

William, R E 1704
Nesbit, John, R E 1703, 5, 6

Nathan, C 1718

Richard, R E 1713
Nesmith, James, married Jane

Bennuinas, 1659
Nevin, Andrew, R E 1697, 1706

William, C 1691
Norton, Mr. Richard, C 1718
Nutt, Robert, R E 1698, 1709

Bangor, Down
Cushendall, Antrim
Dunean, Antrim
Larne, Antrim
Antrim, Antrim
Antrim, Antrim
Ervey, Meath
Ban Breaky, Monaghan?
Donagheady, Tyrone

Londonderry
Ballyclare, Antrim
Glendermot, Derry
Dublin
Glendermot, Derry

O'Cahan, John, R E 1704, 13
O'Neill, John, Esq., P. 1717
Ore, Abel, R E 1711

David and Isabel, 1683

James, R E 1710

James, R E 1712

John, R E 1708

John, R E 1714

Mr Patrick, C 1715
Oughteeson, John, C 1711
Oustean, James, C 1691
Owens, Hugh, R E 1709 14, 16,

O

Maghera, Derry
Shane's Castle, Antrim
Dublin
Londonderry
Mourne, Down
Comber, Down
BoVeva, Derry
Drumbo, Down
Clough, Antrim
Drumbanagher, Armagh
Coleraine, Derry
18 Connor, Antrim

Page, John, R E 1716

Park, Andrew and Jane, 1704
John, R E 1713, 15
Robert and Mary, 1697

P

Armagh?
Londonderry
Ballyclare, Antrim
Londonderry,

APPENDICES

367

Parker, John, R E 1716

Samuel, R E 1712
Paterson, Arthur, R E 1704

Arthur, R E 1709

David, R E 1711

Garvin, R E 1707, 11, 13, 14,

John, R E 1694

John, R E 1697

John, R E 1707

John, R E 1708, 18

John, C 1708

John, R E 1708, 14

John, R E 1711, 15

John, married Margaret
King, 1681

John and Anne, 1695

Peter, R E 1706

Robert, R E 1715

Samuel, R E 1703

Walter, C 1691

Walter, R E 1707
Paton, John, R E 1715

Joseph parish Donagh,
married 1699, Mary Mc-
Gillharan

Thomas, R E 1707
Patrick, Robert, R E 1697
Paxton, James, R E 1713

Thomas, C 1713
Peacock, Doctor, C 1708, 9, R E

1710
Pikan, Andrew, R E 1704
Pinkerton, John, married Eliza-
beth Graham, 1684
Piper, Hugh, R E 1718
Pollock, Charles, R E 1706

William, R E 1717
Porter, Alexander, R E 1704

Dunean, Antrim
Connor, Antrim
Ray, Donegal
Burt, Donegal
Monreagh, Donegal
Killyleagh, Down
Newry, Down
Dunpatrick, Down
Carrickfergus, Antrim
Dungannon, Tyrone
Elden-derry, Armagh?
Tullylish, Down
Lurgan, Armagh

Londonderry
Londonderry
Kilraughts, Antrim
Billy, Antrim
Ballywillan, Antrim
Taughboyne, Donegal
Monreagh, Donegal
Ballykelly, Derry

Londonderry
Urney, Tyrone
Ardstraw, Tyrone
Ballyroney, Down -
Monaghan

Belfast, Antrim
Donagheady, Tyrone

Londonderry
Winterburn, Tyrone
Donagheady, Tyrone
Dunmurry, Down
Comber, Down

368

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Porter, Andrew, R E 1711
James, R E 1703
James, R E 1705
James, R E 1709
James, R E 1716
John, R E 1716
Mr William, C 1715

Potts, Mr David, C 1716
John, R E 1717
Thomas, R E 1715

Pringle, Alexander, C 1714
Hugh, R E 1710

Purly, Thomas, R E 1708

Ballyclare, Antrim
Burt, Donegal
Magherally, Down
Loughbrickland, Down
Ballindreat, Donegal
Dromara, Down
Monaghan
Monaghan

Letterkenny, Donegal
Cushendall, Antrim
Kinnaird, Tyrone
Drum, Monaghan
Magherally, Down

Quigley, John and Mary, 1618

Q

Londonderry

R

Rainey, Hugh, R E 1698, 1704
James, R E 1694, 7
John, C 1708
John, R E 1714
Robert, R E 1706, 9, 11
Mr Robert, Sr., C 1717
Mr Robert, Jr., C 1717
William, R E 1697, 1711
William, Sr., C 1708
William, Jr., C 1708
Ramage, John, R E 1711
Ramsey, James, married Martha

Henderson, 1685
Randle, John, R E 1705
Rankin, James, married Con-
stance McCormen, 1699
John, married Martha Kin-

kead, 1703
Richard, 1709
Tomlin and Eleanor, 1683

Castledawson, Tyrone
Dunean, Antrim
Belfast, Antrim
Castledawson, Tyrone
Antrim, Antrim
Antrim, Antrim
Antrim, Antrim
Belfast, Antrim
Belfast, Antrim
Belfast, Antrim
Glendermot, Derry

Londonderry
Monaghan

Londonderry

Londonderry
Tirkvillan, Derry?
Londonderry

APPENDICES

369

Aughnacloy, Tyrone
Moneymore, Deny

Rawlston, Robert, R E 1707
Rea, James, C 1692
Read, George, parish Dunboe,
married Janet Skewin,
1684

Samuel, R B 1703
Redman, , 1697

Moses, 1709
Reid, Henry, R E 1718

Hugh, R E 1704

Hugh, R E 1705

James, C 1694, R E 1707

John, R E 1694, 1714

John, R E 1705

John, R E 1709

John, R E 1716

Samuel, R E 1707

Thomas, R E 1715, 18

Thomas, C 1715

William, R E 1704, 10, 13
Rely, Myles, R E 1707
Riddel, Robert, R E 1698
Ritchie, Daniel, R E 1715
Ritchy, James, R E 1707
Robb, Alexander, R E 1710, 13
Robertson, John, R E 1698
Robinson, George, R E 1709

Robert, R E 1708

Thomas, R E 1708

Hugh, R E 1710
Rodger, James, R E 1703
Rogers, Robert and Abigail, 1703 Londonderry

Londonderry
Kilrea, Derry
Near Hillsborough, Down
Edruna, Derry?
Donaghadee, Down
Ballywillan, Antrim
Cavanaleck, Tyrone
Armagh
Braid, Antrim
Portaferry, Down
Carlingford, South
Loughbrickland, Down -
Kilrea, Derry
Ballywillan, Antrim
Ballymoney, Antrim
Portaferry, Down
Lurgan, Armagh
Urney, Tyrone
Templepatrick, Antrim
Randalstown, Antrim
Saintfield, Down
Dunmurry, Down
Newtownards?, Down
Glendermot, Derry
Benburb, Tyrone
Glendermot, Derry
Omagh, Tyrone

William, C 1708
Rolan, Claud, 1709
Ross, Alexander, R E 1704

James, R E 1710

James, P 1712

John, R E 1716, 17

Robert, C 1691

Belfast, Antrim

Ballynahone, Derry?

Bangor, Down

Finvoy, Antrim

Derry

Ballymena, Antrim

Tanoch-Neeve, Down

370

SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

Rossbothom, Matthew, R E 1697 Lisburn, Antrim

Russel, George, R E 1706

James, R E 1698

James, C 1715

John, R E 1707

John, R E 1709

William, R E 1711
Rutherford, Elias, R E 1716

Carnmoney, Antrim
Dundonald, Down
Holywood, Down
Boveva, Derry
Castlereagh, Down
Letterkenny, Donegal
Ballybay, Monaghan

Scot, George, R E 1716

Hugh, R E 1711

James, R E 1717

Matthew, R E 1705, 7, 10

Patrick, R E 1717

Thomas, R E 1718

William, R E 1703

William, R E 1711
Seawright, Gilbert, R E 1715
Selkirk, William, R E 1694
Sharp, Nicholas, C 1708
Sharpes, William, C 1708
Shaw, George, R E, 1717

Capt. John, R E 1708, C
1717, 18

Mr John, C 1712, 18

Mr Patrick, C 1712

William, C 1691

William,- C 1699

William, R E 1705

Capt. William, R E 1715

Col. William, C 1717, 18

William, Esq., R E 1707, 12,
C 1712
Shennan, James, R E 1698

John, P 1704

John, R E 1708
Shields, George, R E 1703, 16

Rathfriland, Down §
Donegore, Antrim
Bailieborough, Cavan
Donaghadee, Down
Drumbo, Down
Ballywalter, Down
Ramelton, Donegal
Rathfriland, Down «*
Magherally, Down
Lagan Presbytery
Coagh or Ballinderry, Antrim
Belfast, Antrim
Lurgan, Armagh

Antrim, Antrim
Antrim, Antrim
Antrim, Antrim
Donegore, Antrim
Antrim, Antrim
Comber, Down
Antrim, Antrim
Antrim, Antrim

Antrim, Antrim
Tyrone?

Tandro-gee, Armagh?
Limavady, Derry
Killinchy, Down

APPENDICES

371

Sim, William, R E 1714
Simpson, Thomas and Elizabeth,
1680

William and Janet, 1684
Simson, James and Ann, 1681

John, R E 1711
Sinclair, William, R E 1717, 18
Sirrilaw, John, R E 1709
Skelton, John, R E 1705
Sloan, Jo:, R E 1694

John, R E 1705 13

John, R E 1712, 18
Smart, John, R E 1697
Smely, Robert, R E 1708
Smily, Samuel, R E 1704
Smith, David, C 1694

George, R E 1718

James, C 1691; 1701

James, C 1694

James, R E 1713

John, R E 1703, 9

John, R E 1712

John, R E 1707, 10, 15

John, R E 1715, 18

John, R E 1715

Lancelot, R E 1718

Robert and Mary, 1686

Robert, R E 1698

Robert, R E 1712

Samuel and Katherine, 1692

Samuel, R E 1713

Samuel, Jr., 1714

William, C 1691
Smyth, William, C 1711
Speir, Robert, C 1691, 1709
Spens, James, R E 1694
Starrat, James, R E 1706
Steel, Andrew, R E 1715

Francis and Martha, 1696

Comber, Down

Londonderry
Londonderry
Londonderry
Keady, Armagh
Dublin

Aghadowey, Derry
Ballynahinch, Down -
Broadisland, Antrim
Moneymore, Derry
Ballybay, Monaghan
Vinecash, Amargh
Ardstraw, Tyrone
Larne, Antrim
Belfast, Antrim
Kilmore, Down
Donegore, Antrim
Macosquin, Derry
Cushendall, Antrim
Lisburn, Antrim
Magherally, Down
Carnmoney, Antrim
Carlingford?, South
Belfast, Antrim
Dunmurry, Down
Londonderry
Kilrea, Derry
Ballymena, Antrim
Londonderry
Belfast, Antrim
Belfast, Antrim
Newry, Down
Moy-water, Mayo
Ballyclug, Antrim
Drumbo, Down
Ahoghill, Antrim
Ballindreat, Donegal
Londonderry

372

SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

Steel, Gawin, C 1715, R E 1718

John, R E 1707, 10, 13

John, R E 1718

Thomas, R E 1708
Stephenson, James, R E 1712

Robert, R E 1716

William, R E 1712
Steuart, Alexander and Sara
(McLaughlin), 1694

Archibald, R E 1706

James, R E 1708

John, R E 1698

John, R E 1708

Robert, C 1700

William and Mary, 1697

William, R E 1704, 6, 8
Stevenson, James, R E 1703, 5

James, C 1709

James, R E 1709

John, R E 1708

Robert, 1707

Steward, William, parish of
Lifford, married Margaret
Wallis of Lifford, 1700
Stewart, Andrew and Kath-
erine, 1693
George and Charity, 1683
James, R E 1703
John, R E 1698
William, R E 1711
Stirling, Archibald, R E 1704,
9, 12
John, R E 1692, 4
John, R E 1715 "
Stitt, Thomas, R E 1717
Stones, Edmund, R E 1710
Straight, James, R E 1713

Clough, Antrim
Bangor, Down
Dunpatrick, Down
Vinecash, Armagh
Brigh, Tyrone
Vinecash, Armagh
Ballindreat, Donegal

Londonderry
Comber, Down
Dunean, Antrim
Killinchy, Down
Bangor, Down
Lisburn, Antrim
Londonderry
Killinchy, Down
Brigh, Tyrone
Ballyclug, Antrim
Boveva, Derry
Brigh, Tyrone
Molena

(near Londonderry)

Donegal

Londonderry
Londonderry
Dunean Antrim
Dungannon, Tyrone
Killinchy, Down

Finvoy, Antrim
Templepatrick, Antrim
Benburb, Tryone
Mourne, Down
Armagh, Armagh
Loughbrickland, Down

APPENDICES

373

Straiton, George, C 1692
Strawbridge, James, R E 1706
Strean, Adam, R B 1692

John, R E 1711
Stuart, Archibald, C 1715

Hugh, R E 1692

John, C 1694

John, R E 1718

Thomas, R E 1714

William, R E 1716

Mr William, C 1717
Sutler, James, R E 1704
Swan, John, R E 1692

William, C 1691
Swarnbeck, George, R E 1717
Syminton, John, R E 1713

Lurgan, Amargh
Burt, Donegal
Ahoghill, Antrim
Stonebridge, Monaghan
Kilraughts, Antrim
Ballyclug, Antrim
Killinchy, Down
Kilraughts, Antrim
Dunmurry, Down
Killyleagh, Down
Antrim, Antrim
Garvagh, Derry
Under Killead
Donaghmore, Tyrone
Dunmurry, Down
Donaghmore, Down

Taggard, Thomas, R E 1705
Taggart, Francis, R E 1717
Tate, William, C 1691
Taylor, Alexander, R E 1718
David, R E 1710, 15
James, R E 1714
John, C 1708
Thomas, R E 1694
Tayt, David, R E 1711
Teat, Thomas, C 1698
Templeton, Adam
Alan, C 1715
John, R E 1707, 11
Matthew, R E 1707, 9
Thomb, Hugh, R E 1708
Thompson, David, R E 1698,
1704, 7
David, R E 1714, 15, 17
George, R E 1709

Ardstraw, Tyrone
Ballyclare, Antrim
Armagh

Lisburn, Antrim
Donaghmore, Down
Saintfield, Down
Belfast, Antrim
Killyleagh, Down
Cushendall, Antrim
Blarise?, Down
Ballywillan, Antrim
Ballymoney, Antrim
Magherally, Down
Braid, Antrim
Braid, Antrim

Moneymore, Derry
Coagh, Tyrone
Ballymena, Antrim

374

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Thompson, James and Kather-
ine, 1695

John, R E 1697, C 1709

John, R E 1713, 18

John, R E 1710, 17

Robert, R E 1706

Robert, R E 1706

Robert, R E 1717

Thomas, R E 1713

William, R E 1708
Thomson, Alexander, R E 1711

Andrew, C 1698

Michael, R E 1697, 1718

Samuel, R E 1710
Todd, Andrew, R E 1711, 16, 17

George, R E 1708

James, R E 1717

John, C 1708, 9, 11, R E
1708, 9, 11

John, C 1714

John, R E 1714
Tom, Robert and Mary, 1684
Toplis, Joseph, R E 1707, 10
Toulan, John, R E 1692
Trail, Mr. James, R E 1717
Trymble, Robert, R E 1709
Turk, John, C 1715

Tweed, David, R E 1708
Tyler, Evan, C 1711, R E 1718

Londonderry
Coleraine, Derry
Ballymena, Antrim
Newtownards, Down
Ballykelly, Derry
Glendermot, Derry
Cavanaleck, Tyrone
Cavanaleck, Tyrone
Randalstown, Antrim
Maghera, Derry
Loughbrickland, Down
Moira, Down
Antrim, Antrim
Saintfield, Down
Ballyeaston, Antrim
Vinecash, Armagh

Donaghmore, Down

Kinnaird, Tyrone

Minterburn, Tyrone

Londonderry

Dublin

Carrickfergus, Antrim

Killyleagh, Down

Clough, Down

Twenty Quarter Lands (near

Ballymoney, Antrim
Cong'n of Galway
Kilraughts, Antrim

u

Upton, Clotworthy, R E 1711,

12, 16
Ury, William, C 1691

Templepatrick, Antrim
Clogher, Tyrone

APPENDICES

375

Vans, Mr Archibald, C 1718

John, parish Moville, mar-
ried Elizabeth Quinne,
1683

Patrick, R E 1699, 1703, 4

Patrick, R E 1717

William, 1709
Vernob, John, R E 1697

Jon., C 1691

Robert, R E 1067, 7

William, R E 1706, 8

Drum, Monaghan

Londonderry
Magherally Down
Ballywalter, Down
Achavan, Derry?
Castledawson, Tyrone
Maghera, Derry
Connor, Antrim
Castledawson, Tyrone

W

Wachop, Samuel, R E 1713
Walbub, John, married Janet

Hog, 1684
Walkeb, Andrew, C 1713

John, R E 1698

John, R E 1705

John, R E 1718
Wallace, David, R E 1709

Hugh, R E 1707

Hugh, R E 1718

Hugh, R E 1707, 12

Hugh, R E 1706, 10, 14

Hugh, R E 1711

James, R E 1708

James, R E 1715

John, R E 1692

Robert, R E 1718

William, married Margaret
Morrison, 1663
Ward, Thomas, R E 1705
Wabbington, Thomas, R E 1708
Watebson, William, C 1708, 9

Pintona, Tyrone

Londonderry
Drummarah, Down
Limavady, Derry
Burt, Donegal
Ballyrashane, Antrim
Fannet, Donegal
Ballymena, Antrim
Saintfield, Down
Killinchy, Down
Ballywalter, Down
Ravara, Down •
Portaferry, Down
Loughbrickland, Down
Donegore, Antrim
Loughbrickland, Down

Londonderry
Dunfanaghy, Donegal
Dublin

Glen and Drumbanagher,
Armagh

376

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Watson, Gilbert, R E 1704

James, C 1711

John, R E 1716

Robert, R E 1712

William, R E 1697

William, R E 1712
Watt, Hugh, R E 1703, 4, 7
Weir, Mr Robert, C 1717

William, R E 1712, 14
White, James, R E 1697

John, R E 1717
Whitelaw, Alexander, R E 1714,

15
Whiteside, Mr Arthur, C 1717

Peter, R E 1705
Whyte, James, R E 1715
Wigton, William, R E 1717
Williams, George, R E 1713
Williamson, John, R E 1711

Thomas, R E 1713
Wilson, Alexander, R E 1710

Alexander, R E 1717

Alexander, R E 1715

Andrew, R E 1707

Edward, C 1708

Capt. Francis, R E 1704, 5, 11

Hugh, R E 1711

James and Elizabeth, 1683

James, R E 1692

James, R E 1705

James, R E 1711

John, R E 1698

John, C 1699, 1716

John, R E 1714, 16
John, R E 1706
John, R E 1708
John, R E 1710

Aughnacloy, Tyrone
Aghaloo, Tyrone
Castlereagh, Down
Urney, Tyrone
Dungannon, Tyrone
Killyleagh, Down
Markethill, Amargh
Antrim, Antrim
Moneymore, Derry
Ballywalter, Down
Billy, Antrim

Vinecash, Armagh

Antrim, Antrim

Killead, Antrim

Larne, Antrim

Clogher, Tyrone

Ballyeaston, Antrim

Anahilt, Down

Ballywalter, Down

Tullylish, Down

Ballybay, Monaghan

Kilrea, Derry

Ballyeaston, Antrim

Belfast, Antrim

Corboy, West Meath

Ballykelly, Derry

Londonderry

Islandmagee, Antrim

Ballymena, Antrim

Fintona, Tyrone

Ardstraw, Tyrone

Killmakevett, Antrim (north of

Glenavy)
Ballinderry, Antrim
Brigh, Tyrone
Donegore, Antrim
Dunmurry, Down

APPENDICES

377

Wilson, John, R B 1711

John, R E 1714

John, R E 1717

Robert, R E 1698

Robert, R E 1709, 16

Robert, R E 1706, 10

Robert, C 1708, 14

Samuel, R E 1713

Thomas, R E 1711

Mr Thomas, C 1717

William, R E 1694

William, R E 1707, 13

William, R E 1712, 15

William, R E 1717
Windron, John, R E 1710
Wibling, James, R E 1708
Woodburn, George, R E 1710
Woods, James, R E 1707

James, R E 1710, 14

James, C 1714

John, R E 1716, 18
Woodside, Robert, R E 1718
Wool, John, R E 1703
Workman, John, P 1706
Wright, John, R E 1718
Wylie )
Wyly ( James » R E 1698

John, R E 1703, 11, 12, 14,
16, 18

William, R E 1705

William, R E 1707, 10, 13

Bangor, Down
Portaferry, Down
Keady, Armagh
Rathfriland, Down •*
Ballyeaston, Armagh
Clogher, Tyrone
Belfast, Antrim
Newtownards, Down
Ballyeaston, Antrim
Antrim, Antrim
Islandmagee, Antrim
Ballykelly, Derry
Ballyeaston, Antrim
Anahilt, Down
Templepatrick, Antrim
Newtownards, Down
Kilrea, Derry
Dunmurry, Down
Lurgan, Armagh
Belfast, Antrim
Tullylish, Down
Ballyclare, Antrim
Bailee, Down
Macosquin, Antrim
Ballymoney, Antrim

Carnmoney, Antrim

Ahoghill, Antrim
Finvoy, Antrim
Dervock, Antrim

Young, John, merchant, 1701, 15 Belfast, Antrim

INDEX

Abbeville, 294

Abbott, C. H., quoted, 200, 202

Abercrombie, James, 285

Rev. Robert, 115
Abernatby, 294
Abernethy, Rev. John, 75
Ability, 308, 309
Acheson, Mattbew, 231, 233
Acton, James, 328

Richard, 328
Adair, 292
Adams, 294

William, 262
Adrian 292

Aghadowey, 106, 107, 156, 188; on
map, 39 ; session book of Pres-
byterian church, 119 ; site of
meeting house, 120 ; poor in,
122 ; letter from church at,
259 ; view of Parish church,
297
Agnew, Andrew, 227

William, 330
Agriculture, 283
Aiken, Edward, 262

James, 262

William, 262
Alderchurch, Edward, 333
Alexander, 231 233

David, 228, 233

James, 184, 262, 325

John, 183, 184

Randall, 102, 262, 327; no-
ticed, 255

William, 228, 233
Alison. 282

John, 336

Robert, 125
Allan, David, 288, 333
Allen, Eben, 320, 322

Edward, 170, 333, 335

John, 82, 285

Joshua, 82

Peter, 271

Sylvanus, 82

William. 278
Allen township, 278
Allison, 281, 292

Richard, 271

Samuel, noticed, 255, 262
American Antiquarian Society, 197
"Amity," ship, 322

"Amity," snow, 317
"Amsterdam," ship, 321
Anderson, 275, 294

Allen, noticed, 255, 262

James, 262

noticed, 255

Rev. James, 277

John, 262, 330

Patrick, 330

William, 125
Andover, on map, 178 ; Scotch Irish

at, 200-202
Andrews, Rev. Jedediah, 28, 36, 280
Annapolis, N. S., 155
Anne, Queen, Presbyterians under,

15; Ulster under, 63-64
Anton, George, 326

James, 327

Samuel, 326

Thomas, 327
Antrim, town, view of, 73
Archibald, John, 262

Robert 121, 125
Ardreagh, 123, 128
Ardstraw, 100, 187, 191, 223
Armenius, 75
Armstrong, James, 213, 288

John, 209, 213

John, in Boston, 146, 149 ; and
the "Robert," 205 ; petition
of, 249

Robert, 262

Simeon, 209, 213
Armstrong family, 209
Arnold, Thomas, 322
Arrowsic, 331, 372 ; on map. 204
Art, Scotch Irish in, 301, 303, 309
Ashe, Bishop, 67
Aston, 281

Atlantic, crossing, 151
Auburn, 185

Auchmuty, Robert, 166, 262, 333
Aul, Abraham, 170, 335

James, 155
Austin, Joseph, 333
Ayrshire, 1

B

Bacon, Edwin M., 153
Jacob, 114

Baird, James, 335

Thomas, 183, 188
William, 326

380

SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

Bailey, Henry, 272
Ball, James, 330

Ballykelly, 42, 100, 156, 196, 197
Ballymena, 101, 127
Ballymoney, 100 ; view of, 255 ; ex-
planation of view, 254
Ballyrashane, 100
Ballywillan, 102 ; on map, 39 ; view

of, 265
Banerlen, Mary, 233
Bangor Castle, view, 7
Bankhead, James, 327
Bann, river, 1
Bann Valley, discord in, 38 ; road

map, 3y
Bapti, Arthur, 121
Barbadoes store, 280
Barber, -Robert, 183, 184, 188
Barbour, John, 210, 213, 229
Bare-foot habit, 303
Barkley, James, 328
Barnett, Annis, 258

John, 278, 262; noticed, 252
Barns, James, 219

V^illiam, 233
Barr, Gabriel, 300

Robert, 329
Barrow, John, quoted, 96
Barry, 294
Barton, 294

Edmund M., 131
Bass, Philip, 219, 321, 322, 323
Bath, on map. 204
Batty, John, 183, 188
Baxter, Rev. Joseph, 221
Bayly, Thomas, 272
Beach, John, 317
Beall, Ninian, 27
Beard, 294
Beath, John, 333

Walter, 155, 239
Beaufort, 286
Beaver Brook, 242
Bee, John, 285
Beeson, 281

"Beginning," sloop, 320
Belcher, Jonathan, 159
Belfast, ships at, 67 ; view of, 147
Belfast Society, 75
Bell, Joanna, 279

John, 12, 259, 262, 336

Thomas, 230
Bennett, Captain, 152

Thomas, 333
Bensalem, 278
Benson, 281

Bertram, Elizabeth, 277
Bethune, George, 140
Bety, John, 183
Beverley, Abram, 328

Agnes, 272, 273

James, 232, 233, 328

Joseph, 232, 233. 325

Samuel, 232, 233, 252, 328

Bible, in Celtic, 106; love for, 302
Bigger, David, 329
Billerica, 155
Bishop, 280
Black, 280, 292

Jacob, 328

James, 327

John, 328, 329. 330

Marmaduke, 335

Samuel, 333

Thomas, 328
Blackshaw, 281
Blackwell, Thomas, 327
Blair, Abraham, 188

Alexander, 330

Hugh, 326

Capt. Hugh, 126

James, 157. 244, 261, 263, 328

Jeremiah, 328

John, 263, 327

Joseph, 326

Rachel, 157

Robert, 183, 188

Rev. Robert, 7-10

William, 164, 188, 326
Blair's House, 126
Blakely, 288
Blandford, 115, 117
Bleaching greens, 49
Blelock, 282
Blaine, Ephraim, 275

James G., 275
Blyth, 281
Bogachoag, 185
Bogan, 293
Boggle, Thomas, 336
Boggs, 292
Bogle, David, 263

Thomas, 155, 263
Bolton, Geoffrey, 155

Dr. Hugh, 263

John, 202

Stanwood K., 155

Thomas, 213

William, 201, 202, 263
Bolton, Mass., 155
Bond, Susan, 218
Bonner's map, 161
Books read by Presbyterians, 174
Boothbay, 117, 155
Boscawen, 111

Boston, provisions provided, 158 ;
Scotch Irish in, 154 ; warnings
from, 229
Bothwell, Alexander, 191
Bouie, William, 125
Boulter, Hugh, Archbishop, 29, 130;
on a tillage bill, 46-48 ; on
tythes, 65-68 ; and King, 69
Boulton, George, 333
Bourns, Michael, 333
Bovedy, 156
Boxford, 201
Boyce, 293

INDEX

381

Boyce, John, 122
Boyd, 278

Adam, 333

Rev. Adam, 87, 92, 282
Rev. Alexander, 117
Rev. Archibald, 107, 108
Archibald, his petition, 240, 249
James, 122

John, 126, 252, 327, 329
Robert, 327, 329
Samuel, 330
Thomas, 327, 328
Rev. Thomas, 91
William, 326, 329
Rev. William, 18, 105, 132, 133,
144, 197, 324 ; sketch of, 91,
99 ; dines with Sewall, 136 ;
in Gray's bookstore, 165 ; his
arrival, 239; and Sewall, 244
Boyes, Robert, 261. 267
Boyle, Benjamin, 327

William, 327
Boyse, Rev. Joseph, 67 ; replies to

king, 69, 70, 82
Bradford, Mass., 200, 242
Bradford, James, 175
Bradley, James, 288

Samuel, 288
Braintree, 155
Brandon, 293
Brandywine farms, 280
Bratton, 292

Robert, 156
Breaden, Philip, 333
Breakenridge, James, 184, 192

William, 193
Breakenridge music book, 193
Breed, Nathaniel, 317
Brewington, 288
Brewster, James, 328

John, 122
Brice, James, 328
Bridgewater, 155
Brigantine, view of, 150
Brigham, James, 327
Bristol, 116
Britton, John, 336
Erode, 113
Brookfield, 155
Brooks, Silvanus, 125
Broone, 292
Brown, 294
David, 22
George, 87
Jenet, 122
Thomas, 336
Browning, James, 191

John, 191
Brownlie, John, 155
Brunswick, 116 ; on map, 204 ; Wood-
side at, 220-227
Bryan, William, 272

Bryant, William, 335
Bryce, 293
Buchanan, 281, 292

Arthur, 272

Robert, 272
Burgis, William, 150
Burkitt's Expository, 174
Burns, James, 233

Michael, 335

Robert, 155. 335

William, 219
Burr, Rev. Isaac, 111
Burton, 281
Bushmills, 100, 111
Buyers, John, 227

Cairnes, Robert, 193
Caldbreath, Humphrey, 336
Caldwell, 294

Alexander, 106, 333

Hugh, 326

Malcom, 326

Seth. 131

Thomas, 263

William, 183, 188, 325; his
church letter, 131
Calhoun, 294

John C, 292, 310
Cambridge, 155
Cameron, 294

William, 335
Campbell, 278

Charles, 114

Cornelius, 164

Daniel, 334

George, 329

Hugh, 12

Rev. Hugh, 116

James, 329

John, 114

Margaret, 186

Patrick, 272, 334

Robert, 114, 318

Samuel, 114

William, 263, 327. 335
Canedy, Alexander, 156
Canworthy, Andrew, 333
Cape Cod, 201
Cape Elizabeth, 204
Cape Pear Mercury. 87
Cappagh, 188
Carey, George, 327
Cargill, Annis, 252

David, 94, 121, 125, 248, 259,
260, 261, 263; noticed, 258

James, 155

Jane, 127

Janet, 252
Carlile, James, 336
Carmichael, 294

382

SCOTCH IEISH PIONEERS

Carolinas, and Ireland, 91
Carr, John, 335
Thomas, 155
See also Karr, 272
Carrickfergus, 31
Carrol, 293
Carson, 293

Carter, Katherin, 231, 233
Carver, Josiah, 323
Cary, Mr., 232, 233
Casco Bay, 111, 157; Scotch Irish
at, 203-214 ; map of, 204 ; set-
tlers at, 213, 214
Cass, Daniel, 114
Castledawson, 156
Cathance, 219, 331 ; on map, 204
Catholics, 57, 64
Celtic, Bible in, 107
Celtic catechism, 94
Celts in Ulster, 3-4
"Cezer," ship, 270
Chalmers, 294
Chambers, 278, 293

Patrick 335
Character of the Scotch Irish, chap-
ter 16, 296
Characteristics, 118
Charitable Irish Society, 175, 333
Charles II, Presbyterians under, 60
Charleston, 155 ; Presbyterians at,
30-35; Scotch Irish at, 285;
ships entering, 268
Chelsea, 155
Cherry Valley. 266
Chessnutt, William, 335
Chester County, Penn., 271
Children, hiring out of, 283 ; number

of, 308
Chilmark, 82, 84
Christiana Creek, 58
Christy, Peter, 330

William, 329
Church, Samuel, 114
Cishiel, John, 183
Clackens, 299
Claflin, 11

Clare, Chancellor, 20
Clark, 278

Adam, 184

L>r. Alexander, 106

George, 263

James, 136. 191, 263, 333 ; no-
ticed, 255

John, 181, 191, 230, 233, 263,
333, 335

Mary, 126

Matthew, 183, 263

Rev. Matthew, 94, 100, 108, 128 ;
his preaching, 302 ; marries
Mrs. McGregor, 106

Robert, 263

Thomas, 263

See also Clerk

Clarke. George K., 196
Claverhouse, Graham of, 300
Clavers, as a bogey, 300
Clendenin, Archibald, 252, 263
Clerk, John, 183
Joseph, 183
Clinton, Charles, his voyage, 271
Clogher, 100, 207
Clothworkers Companv, 38, 41
Clough, 101
Clougherny, 156

Cobham, Rev. Thomas, 101, 330
Coburn, Silas R., 199
Cochran, Andrew. 263, 326, 328
Boulonget, 330
James, 126. 326
Janet, 252

John, 202. 2d4, 263, 326, 328
Peter, 263
William, 263. 326
Code, Samuel, 327
Coffee, 294
Cofferiri, John, 202
Coin, scarcity in Ireland, 57
Colbreath, John, 326
Cole, Thomas, 114
Colerain, Penn., 280
Coleraine, Ireland, 41, 155. 156, 320 ;
and the Jackson family, 37 ;
control of. 42 ; described, 96 ;
view of, 97
Collins, 294
Colvil, John, 329
Conagher's Farm. 310, 311
Concord, 155, 184
Connecticut Valley, Irish of, 112
Conner, 294
Cookson, 280
Coolidge, Ruth D., 5
Cord, Andrew, 330
Cork, Ireland, 219
Cork, Maine, on map, 204
Cornbury, Lord, 268, 269
Cornwall, Rev. William, 95, 100, 110,

207. 213, 221
Cowan, 282

Ephraim, 184
George, 184
James, 336
Cowden, Matthew, 278
Cowen, 281

Cowman, Matthew, 270
Craig, David. 263, 325
James, 328
John, 327
Robert, 325
Craighead, 280

Rev. Robert, 70 ; daughter mar-
ries Homes, 80
Rev. Robert, Jr., 86
Rev. Thomas, 18, 30, 79, 84, 86,
130 ; sketch of, 87
Craigie, William, 229, 234

INDEX

383

Crain, William, 278
Crawford, 228, 281, 293

Aaron, 191

Daniel, 285

James, 329

John, 191

Robert, 188
Crevecoeur, quoted, 78
Crockett, 293
Crombie, John, 202, 263
Crook, Thomas, 156
Cross, Rev. Robert, 281
Crozier, James, 334
Crumey, Giziell. 201
Crumney, William, 202
Cumerford, Thomas, 333
Cumings, Alexander, 336
Cunningham, 294

Andrew, 172

George, 228, 234

James, 272

Robert, 335
Currv, Andrew. 327

James, 328

Joseph, 330
Cuthbertson, Robert, 376

Daggett, Benjamin, 82
Dalton, James, 333
Dame, William, 335
Darby, 281
Darien Colony, 31
Davenport, Jonas, 272
Davidson. James 335
Davis, George, 279

John, 335

Samuel, 36

Rev. Samuel, 26

William, 333
Dawsonbridge, 156
Dean, Adam, 327

Andrew, 330
Deane, Nathaniel, 114
Dennis, Captain, 322
Denny, 281
Derby, Michael, 333
Dering, Henry, 172
Derry, Ireland, siege of, 13-15, 126
Derry, Penn., 266 ; view of meeting

house, 276
Derry and Londonderry, 42
Derryfleld, N. H.. on map, 178
Desertion, 227, 228
Diaries, 301
Dick, John, 184

Thomas, 184
Dickey, 282, 288

Adam, 326

David, 263

Samuel, 263
Dicky, John, 335

Dill, Daniel, 114
Dillon, Peter, 333

Dissenters, under William III, 62 ;
under George II, 65 ; criti-
cised, 70 ; at Drogheda, 71
Dixon, Robert, 335
Dixwell, James. 230, 234
Doak, James, 263

John, 263

Robert. 263
Dobbins, 288
Dodd, 294

Dodge, Andrew, 328
Doke, William. 164
"Dolphin," 141, 320
Donagh, 156

Donaghmore, Donegal, 81, 100
Donald, Robert, 127
Donaldson, Alexander, 329
Donegal, Lord, 55
Donegal, Ireland, 100
Donegal, Penn., 266 ; view of meet-
ing house, 273 ; description of
meeting house, 275
Dorus, Hugh, 333
Dorrance, George, 114

John, 114

Samuel, 114

Rev. Samuel, 113
Dougherty, Edward, 272

Walter, 333
Doughty and Hill, 21
Douglas, 281, 293, 329
Douse, Samuel, 333
"Dove," ship, 270
Dow, Ebenezer, 114
Dowglase, Alexander, 318
Downing, James, 333
Dracut, 156, 198, 242; calls

McGregor, 199 ; on map, 178
Draper, George, 333
Drapers, 41

Dresden, Maine, on map, 204
Dress, 107 ; of Presbyterians in Bos-
ton, 174
Drink habit, 108
Drogheda, trouble at, 71
Drumbo, 193
Drummond, William, 333
Drumore, Penn., 280
Ducat, George, 285
Duffleld, 281
Dummer's war, 229
Dunbar, battle of, 11
Dunboe, 131, 156
Duncan, David, 326

George, 263

James, 164

John, 182, 183, 188

Robert, 333

William, 326
Dungannon, meeting house, view of,
62

384

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Dungiven, 42, 107
Dunlap, Andrew, 327

Moses, 121, 125

Rev. Robert, 116

William, 188
Dunlop, 293

Alexander, 102, 330

Robert, 336

Thomas, 328
Dunmore, 51
Dunning, Andrew, 228, 234

David, his deposition, 144, 216,
217

William, 333
Dunworth, Henry, 333
Duroy coat, 174
Dyer, 280

E

Eagle Wing, voyage of, 9-10
Eayers, William, 263
Economic conditions in Ulster, chap-
ter 3.
Edgar, William, 333
Edgefield, 294

Edmonds, John H., 153, 216, 331
Education of Scotch Irish, 303, 305,

306
Egart, James, 333
Egle, W. H., referred to, 277, 278
Elbows, 115
Elder, James, 328

Rev. John, 121

Robert, 278

Thomas, 327, 328

Rev. Thomas, 100, 102, 330
Elk River, 282
Eliot, Simon, 336

Elizabeth, Queen, religion under 61
"Elizabeth," ship, 321
"Elizabeth and Kathrin," 160, 317
"Elizabeth and Margaret," ship, 270
Elizabeth River, 27
Ellington, 113
Ellis, Edward, 165

Robert, 165
Elson, Benjamin, 317
Emigration, 268; fever of, 130; in-
fluences to, 43 ; and manu-
facturers, 88
English, ability of, 309
Enoch, Thomas, 329
Episcopalians, 71
Erskine, Archibald, 22
Erwin, 288, 293

Hugh, 288

John, 288

William, 288
"Essex," brigantine, 323
Established church, 71
Eton, James, 326

Richard, 326

Eton, Thomas, 326
Evans, David, 232, 234

John, 234

William, 232, 234
"Experiment," ship, 323
Eyre, Humphrey, 279

Fair, 294

Fallowfleld, Penn., 280

Falmouth. Maine, 203 ; life at, 208

Families in Ulster, 339-377

Family, size of, 308

Farrand, Andrew, 192

Thomas, 192
Farrel, John, 333
Farrend, Andrew, 182
Farwell, John W., 216
Faust's German Element, quoted, 78
Federal Street Church, 170
Feet, 303

Fenton, William. 191
Fergus, Owen, 333
Ferguson, Alexander, 234

George, 333

James, 146, 149, 234, 319

John, 184

Samuel, 231, 234

of Charleston, 31
Ferrell, Robert, 191, 192
Filson, 282
Finn, river, 1
Fishmongers, 42

FitzGerald, Rev. Edward, 111, 179-
182, 188

Richard, 111
Fitzgibbon, Patrick, 333
Flax, cultivation. 49-50
Fleming. 282, 293, 294

Andrew, 328

Joseph, 192

Samuel, 188

Thomas, 234
Forbish, William, 164
Forbush, James, 183, 188

Robert. 191
Forsaith, James, 328
Forster, John, 278
Foster, Thomas, 279
Foyle, river, 1, 195
Francis, 281
Franklin. Benjamin, 81
Eraser, John, 285
Freeland, John, 127

Thomas, 327

William, 333, 335
Freeman, Edith S., 325
Freetown, 87, 88, 89, 155
French, Nath., 114

William, 333
"Friends Goodwill," 151, 319
Frierson, William, 288
Frizwell, Benjamin, 335

INDEX

385

Frost, Charles, 12
Fullerton, 281
Fulton, John, 335

Peter, 329

Samuel, 272
Futhey, J. S., quoted, 30

Gaelic, 304

Galbraith, Andrew, 271

James, 271, 277

John, 22, 275

Rebecca, 275
Gale, Abraham, 22
Gales, 281
Gallard, John, 318
Gallup, John, 114
Gait, Benjamin, 329

William, 330
Gamble, 288

John, on drinking, 108; on the
Scotch Irish, 4
Gardner, 282

James, 333
Garrison life, 228

Garvagh, 41, 217, 331 ; on map, 39
Gate, Susanna, 230
Gaudy, James, 335
Gay, Frederick L., 216
"George," snow, 321
"George," ship, voyage of, 12
Georgetown, 116, 117 ; on map, 204
Geoghegan, Michael, 333
Georgia, Gaelic in, 304
Germans, ability of, 309 ; as farm-
ers, 78
Gibbs, Captain, 319

Daniel, 333
Gibson, John, 114

Samuel, 336
Gillespie, Elizabeth, 277

Matte, 279
Gilmore, 281

Helen, 125

Isabel, 188

James, 125, 184, 326

John, 125

Joseph, 333

Robert, 263 ^ ^

Samuel, 326

William, 263
Gisham, 294
Giveen, Robert, 329
Given, David, 229, 234

John, 122, 259, 260, 263
Glasford, James, 155, 183

John, 192
Glasgow, 32, 294
Glen, George, 169, 175, 333

Robert, 114
Glendenning, 282
Glenn, 294
Glenravil, 194

"Globe," ship, 318, 321
Goddard house, view of, 189
Goffe, John, 256, 261, 262, 263
Gold, John, 122
Goldsmiths, 42
Gooding, Edward, 319
Goodman, James, 322
Gordon, Alexander, 114

James, 155

John, 114

Robert, 114

Roger, 288
Gough, Captain, 270
Government, training for, 301, 309
Gradon, John, 333
Grafton, 184

Graham, Duncan, 183, 192
Grants, the, 11
Graves, 228

John, 234

Samuel. 248, 256, 261, 262, 263
Gray, Asa, 187, 310

Benjamin, 165

John, 182, 183, 184, 187, 188,
230, 234, 267, 278, 326, 330

Joshua, 214

Matthew, 182, 183, 184, 187

Samuel, 183, 184

William, 182, 183, 184
Gray family, 187, 188
"Gray-hound," sloop, 317, 322
Grazing in Ireland, 45, 48
Greeley, Horace, 310
Green, 280, 294

Henry, 263
Greenleaf, Jonathan, 117
Greenough, Charles P., 159
Gregg, 294

Andrew, 278

David, 263

George, 330

Hugh, 336

James, 145. -i*9, 198, 242, 248,
251, 261. 263, 329, 330; no-
ticed, 252.

John, 263

Samuel, 145, 263

William, 263
Gregory, George, 328

Patrick, 192
Griffin, John, 333

Nehemiah, 263 .
Grocers, 41
Grow, James, 327

Thomas, 327
Gwinn, John, 335
Gyles, William, 214

Haberdashers, 42
Haliday, Rev. Samuel, 100
Halifax, Fort, 332
Halkins, William, 326

386

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Hall, Jean, 230, 234

Mrs. S. C, 50

Virginia, 258

William, 170, 175, 333
Halliburton, Thomas, 174
Hambleton. Thomas, 183

William. 231, 234
Hamilton, Abel, 234

Alexander, 187

Archibald, 288

Frederick, 333

Gabriel, 234

James, 182, 183, 188, 318

Rev. James, 7

John, 192, 228, 232, 234

Patrick, 234

Robert, 234

William, 114, 288

Professor, 75
Hamiltons, 191
Hammond, Otis G., 106
Hampton, Rev. John, 27, 36 ; in New

York, 269
Hancock, 293
Handsard, William, 234
Hannah, 294
Hanover, 278
Hanson, Anne, 157, 210, 214

David, 328

John, 333, 335

Samuel, 326

Thomas, 326
Hardships, 292
Harkness, Thomas, 155, 336
Harmon, William, 336
Harper, James, 220, 232, 238

John, 333. 335

Joseph, 235

Moses, 183, 185, 231, 235

William, 235
Harris, 278

Samuel, 321
Hart, James, 335
Harvey, Rev. John, 115
Hathaway, John, 88, 89
Haverhill, 241 ; greets Irish, 242
Hay, William, 272, 335
Hays, 278

Hazlitt, W. C, quoted, 42
Health of passengers, 160
Heart, James. 188
Heath, John, 282

Joseph, 222
Hebrew, to be taught, 70
Hemphill, Gawin, 335
Henderson, James, 329

Samuel, 155
Hendery, Malkem, 191, 192
Hendry, Hugh, 122. 125, 127

Robert, 326, 329

William, 326
Henry, Hugh, 271

Rev. Hugh, 116

Henry, James, 155, 329

Rev. John, 27

Robert, 329

Thomas, 155
Heron, Rev. Robert, 288
Hersey, 281
Heslep, 282

Heywood, Daniel, 177, 181
Hezlet, John, 329
Hides, Gilbert, 336
Higgenbothem, 281
Higgins, Alice, 125

Ananias, 282
Higinbotham, Rev. Robert, 100, 101,

330
Hildersam, Rev. Arthur, 174
Hill, Benjamin T., 178

Robert, 335

Rev. William, quoted, 26
Hillhouse, Rev. James, sketch of, 113

William, 113
Hines, Thomas, 326
Hodge, Henry, 335

Robert, 335

William, 127
Hodgen. Robert, 335
Hogg. George, 336

Thomas, 233, 235

William, 334
Holmes, Abraham, 263 ; his church
letter, 259, 260

Andrew, 333

Hugh, 329

J. Albert, referred to, 260

John, 156

Robert, 213, 214

Thomas, 156

William, 157, 213, 214, 333
Homes, Rev. Benjamin, 83, 100

Rev. John, 100

Captain Robert, 58, 81, 157,
319, 320, 321, 323; and emi-
gration, 84-85

Rev. William, 18, 130; sketch
of, 79; death, 84

Rev. William, of Urney, 79
Homes family, 81-82
Home-towns of Ulster families, 339-

377
Hood, James, 184
Hoog, James, 326

John, 333

Robert, 326
Hope, 282

Hopkin, Robert, 114
Hopkins, James, 114
Hopewell Church, 288
Houses in Ulster, 2
Houston, James, 282

John, 326
Howard, Gordon, 271

Joseph. 271
Hugh, 294

INDEX

387

Hughes, 281

James, 333
Huguenots, ability of, 309
Hulton, James, 326

Thomas, 326
Humphrey, John, 8

William, 263
Hunter, 294

Abraham, 155

Adam, 235

Archibald, 135, 136, 320

Daniel, 232, 235

Isaac, 231, 235

James, 235

Jean, 230, 235

John, 235, 326

Marion, 127

Robert, 125

Samuel, 326

Thomas, 326
Huston, David, 174

Samuel, 263

William, 126
Hutchinson, Alexander, 271

Elizabeth, 335

James, 82, 271

John, 333

I

Immigration in 1717, 18; in 1718,
130-153

Impressment, 227

Indian Town, church at, 288

Indians, Nutfield free from, 244

Inventions of Men, 69

Ireland, labor in, 44 ; grazing in, 45 ;
poverty, 47 ; farm profits, 56 ;
in 1718, 57 ; and New Eng-
land, 58 ; learning in, 68 ;
fevers in, 160

Irish language, 94

Irish new settlement, 216

Irish Society, 37 ; charter, 42

Irishmen, who are called, 44 ; as
tenants, 55

Ironmongers, 41, 129

Irwin, z«l, 293

Isle of Burt, 186

Jackson, 281

Andrew, 292, 310

John, 328

Richard, 38

William, 37, 269
Jackson Hall, 99
James, Mrs., 155

John. 288
James II, Ireland under, 13
Jameson, James, 85

John, 328

William, 210, 214, 330

Jamison, 294
"Jane," ship, 321
Janeway, Rev. James, 174
Jarvie, John, 32
Jarvis, Nathaniel, 322

William, 322
Jeffries Creek, S. C, 288
Jenison, Samuel, 185
Jenson, William, 327
Jirwin, Gawen, 328
Johnson, Adam, 184

Euphemia, 174

George, 174

James, 175, 231, 235

John, 184

William, 184
Johnston, 228

Daniel, 327

John, 335

Robert, 328

Samuel, 328

Rev. William, 181 ; sketch of,
112

William, 327
Johnstone, John, 269
Jolly. 293

Jones, Nathaniel, 179
"Joseph," ship, 321, 322, 323
"Joseph and Mary," ship, 321
Junkinses, 11

K

Karr, John, 272

Malcom, 272
Kasson, Adam, 114

John, 114

William, 114
Kearns, Jean, 125
Keigwin, John, 114
Kelly, Henry, 335
Kelso, Hugh, 183, 188
Kennebec River, 215, 219
Kennebec settlement, 144
Kennedy, 293

David, 333

Fergus, 326

Rev. Gilbert, 279

Hugh, 121, 125

James, 327

John, 155. 336
Ker, Hugh, 329

William, 328, 330
Kernochan, Samuel, 335
Kernohan, J. W., 122
Kerr, 282

John, 336
Keyes, or Kays, Elias, 256, 261, 265
Kid, Alexander, 326
Kidder, Benjamin, 258, 265

Joseph, 258, 265
Kile, Ephraim, 335
Killen's Congregations, 220
ivilleshandra, 101

388

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEEES

Killough, John, 182
Kilmore, 100
Kilraughts, 101
Kilrea, 38, 42, 299
King, 281

James, 327

John, 327

Robert, 329

William, Archbishop, on labor in
Ireland. 144 ; and rents, 56 ;
on trade, 57 ; on the Tolera-
tion act, 64 ; and Dr. Ashe,
67 ; his book on the Inventions
of Men, 69-70
Kingsfield, 173
Kingston, Thomas, 328
Kirkcaldy, 115
Kirkland, 293

Kobert, 335
Kirkpatrick, John, 282
Kittery, 142
Knowles, 281
Knox, Adam, 333

Andrew, 170, 330, 335

Henry, 310

James, 326

John, 326

Robert, 325, 327, 334, 335
Koppra, 188
Kyle, 282

James, 272

John, 63
Kyrle, Sir Richard, 31

Lacey, 293

Laidlay, James, 329

Laird, Francis. 83

Lamb, 28u

Lamond, Archibald, 188

John, 327

Robert, 327
Lamont, James, 192

John, 328
Lancaster, 152
Lancaster County, Penn., Scotch

Irish in, 280
Landlords, Swift on, 19
Lason, John, 329
Latham, 293

Law, James, 141, 142, 320
Lawler, Thomas, 333
Lawry, Thomas, 636
Lawson, David, 126
Leaser, 20

Leavitt, Emily W., 92
Lechmere, Thomas, 157 ; his letters,

132-144
Lecore, John, 192
Lee, Arthur, on the Scotch Irish, 5

Francis, 335
Leech, John, 327

Rev. William, 101, 320

Leicester, 155, 184, 239
Leman, William, 155
Lemon, John, 288
Lenox, James, 329
Leslie, James, 262, 263

John, 329
Lewes, 33, 36
Lewes, Del., 26
Lewis, Joseph, 233

Mehitable. 157
Lexington, 155
Liggett, 282
Liggit, James, 263
Limavaddy, 99
Lindsay, David, 329

James, 155, 263

William, 335
Lindsey, 281
Linen, 50, 52; in 1698, 15; use of,

305
Linn, 278

Lisburn, Pelham to be called, 184
Literature, Scotch Irish in, 301, 309
Lithgow, Robert, 229

William, 231, 235
Lithgow family, 231, 236
Little, John, 169, 333, 334; his
school, 171-2; and the Pel-
hams, 172

Thomas, 155
Livingston, 281 »

Rev. John, 8, 9

Rev. William, 285
Lizard Manor, view of, 129
Lockhart, 282
Lockhead, John, 336
Lodge, Senator, on Scotch Irish

ability, 308
Log College, 279
Logan, 278, 294

George, 279

James, 30, 35 ; on Scotch Irish,
268
Loghouses, 247
Lollard, Robert, 191
Londonderry, Ireland, siege of, 13-
15 ; Cathedral records, 339-377
Londonderry, N. H., on map, 178 ;
settled, 242 ; view of meeting
house, 245 ; title to lands,
248-251; first settlers, 252-
261 ; proprietors, 262-265
Long, 281

James, 155, 336

Capt. John, 165
Longhead, John, 155
Long Lane meeting house, 169
Longworth, Thomas, 213
Lord's Supper, 64
Lowrey. 275
Lorie, Thomas, 326
Lothridge, Robert, 182, 183, 184, 191
Lough, John, 335

INDEX

389

Lowden, Thomas, 184
Lower Brandywine, 282
Love, 293

Matthew, 325
Luckey, 282

Lunenburg, 155, 202, 239
Lyle, 293
Lytle, Ephraim, 272

M

McAlan, James, 335
McAlaster, 294
McAlben, William, 330 *
McAlester, George, 329
McAllach, James, 184
McAllister, 282

John, 155
Macarell, John, 317
McBride, Alexander, 329

Rev. Robert, 100
McCalla, 294
"Maccallum," ship, 141, 142, 145,

220, 320
McCan, 293

John, 330
McCardy, 280
Maccarell, Robert, 318
McCarter, William, 192
Macartney, Alexander, 202
McCaw, 293
McCawley, 280
McClanaghan, 281
McClanathan, John, 173, 192

Thomas, 192

William, 173, 192
McClanethan, Rev. William, 116
McCleary, Alexander, 336

John, 334
McClellan, 294

James, 183, 191; his land, 179;
his will, 185 ; his arrival, 194

George B., 186, 310
McClellan, J., 182

John, 85

William, 179, 183
McClelland, 280

James, 288
McClenathan, Rev. William, 209
McClenn, 281

McClennehan, Rev. William, 334
McClintock, 105

John, 191

Rev. Samuel, 106

William, 335
McClure, 281, 294

Charles, 335

David, 155, 292, 335

James, 335

John, 155, 335

Richard, 169

Richard, 335

Samuel. 169, 335
McClurg, John, 263

McCollum, Alexander, 263
McCombs, Dugall, 155
McConkey, Alexander, 182, 183, 184,
191 ; his house, 189
John, 183, 184, 191
McConnel, 280
McConoeighy, John, 263
McCook, Archibald, 102, 330
McCool, William, 252
McCord, 278
McCormick, Hugh, 278
Maccoullah, Joan, 213, 214
McCracken, 294
McCrady, Edward, quoted, 292
McCreary, 294
McCrillis, James, 334
McCully, John, 156
McCurdy, John, 334
McDaid, 294
McDaniel, 293
Hugh, 334
Thomas, 334
McDonald, 288

Randal, 210, 214
McDougall, John, 335
McDuffee, Daniel, 263
McElchiner, Jenet, 125
McElwain, Andrew, 155
McFadden, Andrew, 102, 144, 217,
218, 228, 231, 235, 327; his
transplanting, 331
Daniel, 217

Jane, 144, 332 ; her deposition,
216, 217
McFaden, James, 334
McFall, Daniel, 334

William, 156
McFarland, 223

Andrew, 183, 184, 187
Daniel, 186. 191
Duncan, 187, 192
George, 125
James, 228, 235
John, 183, 186, 187
Robert, 271
McFee, James, 327
McGivern, Samuel, 329
McGlaughlin, James, 264
McGowan, 235
McGowens, 228
McGowing, Lodowic, 334
McGregor, Alexander, 261, 264, 325
Rev. David, 108, 170
Rev. James, 94, 95, 99, 119, 145,
146, 149, 256, 257, 261, 264;
his family, 106; habits, 107;
view of his meeting house,
120 ; dines with Sewall, 136 ;
recommended by Mather, 197 ;
198; called to Dracut, 199;
his petition, 240 ; goes to Nut-
field, 243, 247; and Vau-
dreuil, 244; wife, 252

390

SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

McGregor family, 106
McGregory, Alexander, 157
McHan, William, 191
McIIard, James, 334
Mclllhenny, 293
Mcllvain, Rev. J. W., 22
Mclntire, 11
Mclntire, John, 192

Neill, 334
Macintosh, Rev. Dr., quoted, 300, 313
Mack, John, 264
McKachan, John, 191, 335
McKane, 281

Mackay, John, 141, 320, 321
MacKaye, Archibald, 155
Mackclothlan, 11
McKean, Alexander, 272
McKeen, Edward, 326

James, 145, 149, 198, 242, 248,
249, 253, 255, 256, 261, 264,
328; noticed, 252; goes to
Casco Bay, 203

John, 252, 257, 327

Rev. Joseph, 255

Robert, 264

Samuel, 264
McKenzie, 293
McKerrel, Daniel, 326
McKerrell, James, 328
Mackey, W. D., quoted, 30
Mackie, Rev. Josias, 27
McKimm, 280
McKinley, William, 164, 310, 311 ; on

Scotch Irish, 300
McKinstry, Rev. John, 181 ; sketch

of, 113
McKisick, John, 336
McLane, Duncan, 335
McLaughlen, George, 329

John, 329

Lawrence, 327, 329

Richard, 330

Thomas, 326, 327
McLellan, 228

.Bryce, his house, 211, 214

Rev. John, 8, 9
McLem, Robert, 192
Macleod, Rev. John, 304
McLevenny. Martha, 125
McLure, 293
McMahon, 290
McMains, Daniel, 192
McMaster, John, 192, 321
McMillan, Thomas, 252
McMitchel, William, 192
McMorris, 293
McMullan, 293
Macmullen, Jane. 156

Thomas, 169
McMun, Samuel, 326
McMurphy, Alexander, 258, 262, 264

Jesse, 262

John, 264, 334
McNabb, 281

McNair, David, 277
McNal, William, 182
MacNeal, Alexander, 264, 325

Daniel, 170, 335

James, 264

John, 264

Neall, 325
McNealy, 280
McNeil, 282

Adam, 334

Archibald, 334

William, 171
McNichols, Ezekiel, 335
McNish, Rev. George, 36
McNitt, Alexander, 192, 193

Barnard, 193
McNut, 235

Macosquin, on map, 39
MacPheaderies, Archibald, 319
McPherson, 280, 282

James, 192
McPhetre, John, 216, 218
McQuakin, 293
McQuistian, James, 335
McQunkin, 293
McRae, Archibald, 288
McRelis, Daniel, 121
Magherafelt, 42
Magherally, 100
Mahan, William, 183
Makemie, Rev. Francis, 21, 26, 365;
in New York, 269 ; his arrest
and trial, 269
Malcolm, Michael, 334
Malcome, John, 228, 235
Maiden, 155

Manokin, 21, 28, 33, 36
Manufacturers and Emigration, 55
Map of Massachusetts and New

Hampshire, 178
"Margaret," ship, 322
Marion, John, 157
Marriages by dissenters, 63, 65
Marshall, 281
Marston, Captain, 322
Martha's Vineyard, 80
Martin, 278, 293
"Mary," schooner, 321, 323
"Mary and Abigail," 322
"Mary and Elizabeth," ship, 320
"Mary Ann," ship, 318
"Mary Anne," ship, 140, 317, 320
Maryland, Presbyterians in, 21
Maryland boundary and tithes, 267
Massey, 293

Mather, Rev. Cotton, 85, 86, 130,
132, 166, 238, 239; portrait,
16 ; desire for Immigrants, 17 ;
letter to Hathaway, 88; let-
ter about Boyd, 93 ; letter to
Woodside, 109 ; on the arrival
of Scotch Irish, 133-136; rec-
ommends McGregor, 197 ; en-
courages ministers, 222

INDEX

391

Mather, Rev. Increase, on Boyd, 92,

166
Mathieson's Scotland and the Union,

quoted, 76
Matthews, Albert, 25
Maxfeild, William, 12
Maxwell, 11

James, 335
Maybee, William, 272
Mayes, James, 334, 335
Means, Robert, 209. 214
Mear, Alexander, 328
Mecklenburg declaration, 77
Medford, 155
Memorials of the Dead in Ireland,

240
Mendon, 155

Menford, Andrew, 170, 335
Menzies. See Minsy.
Mercers, 42
Merchant Tailors, 42
Meriwether, 294
Merrel, Abel, 264

Merrymeet.ng Bay. 143, 331 ; on
map, 204 ; settlement, 215 ;
names of Scotch Irish at, 233-
238
Mickleroy, William, 335
Mickleravie, Hugh, 335
Micklevain, William, 335
Middleboro, 156
Middleton, Robert, 272
Migration of 1636, 7; in Cromwell's
time, 11 ; from New England
to Ireland, 11 ; to the South,
13
Military duty, 227
Military training, 301. 309
Millar, David, 128

Hugh, 125

John, 326

Margaret, 125

Robert, 325

Samuel, 334
Miller, 294

Alexander, 319, 320

David, 121, 125

James, 232, 235

John, 230, 234

Robert, 114, 328

Samuel, 170, 252
Mills, 293
Milton, 155

Ministers, dress of, 107
Minnery, Dr. Hugh, 236
Minsy, Hugh, 232, 236

Sarah, 232, 236
Misconges, 230
Mitchell, 278, 282

David, 329, 334

Henry, 236

Hugh, 236

James, 272

Mitchell, John, noticed, 255, 264, 330

Thomas, 272, 335
Mole, James, 282
Molony, Thomas, 334
Moneymore, 41, 303, 304
Monreagh, 105
Montgomery. 280, 294

Hugh, 127, 264

James, 132, 319

John, 156

Robert, 319. 335

William, 219, 236
Moodey, 278, 282
Moody, Alice P., 210

Caleb, 250

Samuel, 206
Moony, John, 334
Moor, 294

James. 155, 264, 334

John, 155, 192, 264, 328, 335

Samuel, 264

William, 336
Moore, 281, 294

Alexander, 252

Andrew, 252

Daniel, 252

David, 334

James, 192, 325

John, 192, 217 '

Samuel, 334

Thomas, 328

William, 334
Moorhead, Rev. John, 106, 334, 335;
his arrival, 164 ; sketch of,
166; portrait of, 167, 172;
wife, 170 ; children 170
Moorhead, Mary, 170

Sarah, 170
Morison, Mrs., 303

David, 260, 264

James, 261, 264, 325

John, 264, 325; builds log
house, 247; noticed, 255, 256

Margaret, 247, 255

Robert, 264

Samuel, 260, 264
Morrison, Dr. Hugh S., letter on
Blair's House, 126; view of
his home, 128

L. A., quoted, 257

Sarah, 131
Mortimer, Philip, 334
Morton, Robert, 334
Motley, John, 214

John Lothrop, 214, 310

Patrick 334
Mount Sandal 1 Port, view of, 53
Mount Zion Church, 288
Mourne, river, 1
Muff, 41

Mullaghmoyle, 181
Murchison, Eliz., 125

392

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Murdock, John, 326, 327, 329

Robert, 327

Stephen, 327
Murray, 281

John, 192, 326, 327

Rev. John, 117
Musgrove, 281
Music, 193
Myers, on the Irish Quakers, 28

N

Nazareth Church, 294
Neal, 294

Daniel, 334
Nealson, James, 156
Needham, 155, 239
Neely, 293

Neill, Rev. Henry, 100, 102
Neilson, Rev. Robert, 101, 330
Nelson, 288

James, 334

John, 231, 236
Nepmug country, 12
Nesbitt, 294

Neshaminy Creek, 58, 278
Neshaminy, Penn.. 266
^Nesmith, James, 252, 264, 325, 330;
noticed, 255
Nessley, 281

Nevin, Alfred, quoted, 30
Newall, Joseph, 320
Newberry, 294
Newcastle, 35, 36, 117
Newcastle, Delaware, 267
Newel, John, 230, 236
Newell, Joseph, 323
New England emigrants to Ireland,

11; Scotch Irish, 266
New Hampshire, 308
New London, 113, 142
Newton, Marmaduke, 31

Richard, 31
Newtown Limavady, 42
New York, Scotch Irish in, 268, 269
Nicols, 294
Nichols, Alexander, 261, 264

Andrew, 335

James, 261, 264

John, 155
Nickel, Thomas, 122, 125
Noble, Arthur, 334

John, 334
Non-subscribers in Antrim, 75-76
North, Mrs. Mary M., quoted, 21
North Carolina. 308
Nutfleld, settled, 242

O'Cahan, Grany, 122

Nealy, 125
Octorara Creek, 58
Oliver, Daniel, 305

Omagh, houses at, 3
Orr, Alexander, 335

Boniel, 329

Isaac, 334

John, 329

Patrick, 329

Thomas, 325

William, 329
Oursell, Nicholas, 318
Owen, 281

Rev. John, 113

Philip, 12

P

Page, Charles D., 261

Paine, James, 285

Painter, 281

Pakachoag Hill, 177, 180

Palmer, 115, 173, 281 ; settlers, 182

Park, 282, 327

Lawrence, 178
Parke, John, 114

Patrick, 114

Robert, 114 ; letter on emigra-
tion, 282-284
Parker, 278

Rev. E. L., 241, 252 ; and Shute
petition, 324 ; quoted, 131,
199, 200, 203
Paterson, James, 271, 330

William, 327
Patterson, Abraham, 184

David, 329

John, 192

Peter, 264

Vincent, 114

William, 192, 335
Pattison, Alexander, 328

Ninian, 328
Paton, 294
Patrick, Andrew, 327

John, 183

Robert, 192
Patten, Robert, 175
Patton, Robert, 169, 334

William, 334
Patuxent, 27, 33
Paxtang, 278
Peables, John, 183, 192

Patrick, 183, 184

Robert, 182, 183, 184, 191
Pearson, 294
Peat, Robert, 323
Peck, Noah, 213
Pedan, 275

Peg of Limavaddy, 99
Pejepscot, 218, 225
Pelham, 115

Charles, 17^

Peter, 172, 334
Pelham, Mass., settlement, 184
Pendale, 281
Pennock, 281

INDEX

393

Pennsylvania, life in, 228-284 ; Scotch
Irish, 266

Penny, 294

Pequea, 89

Perce, Stephen, 265

Per cent, of population, 308

Perry, Prof. Arthur L., 133 ; on
Worcester, 180, 195 ; quoted,
183, 186, 214
Bliss, 188
Prof. James, 335

Perth, 115

Peterborough, 255

Petition for land, 240 ; to Governor
Shute, 101, 105, 324

Pettey, James, 329

Pharr, John, 335

Philadelphia passengers at, 30, 35 ;
Scotch Irish in, 270

Phillips, Thomas, 166
Sir Thomas, 19

Pickens, Israel, 279
Thomas, 156
William, 279

Pike, John, 155

Pirates, 322

Piscataqua, 142, 143, 248; ship at,
219

Plowden, 288

Plowing allowed, 49

Polk, Thomas, 77

Pomfret, 155, 307, 308

Poor in Ireland, 122

Porpooduc, on map, 204 ; houses at,
• 205

Port regulations in Ireland, 291

Port Royal, 285

Porter, 275

Isabel, 125

John, 288

Rev. John, 100, 102, 330

Portland. See Falmouth

Potatoes, at Andover, 200 ; use of,
305

Poverty in Ireland, 47

Powers, John, 334

Pownalborough, 332

Poyntz, John, 334

Preaching, 302

Presbyterian books, 174

Presbyterian meeting house, Boston,
169

Presbyterians under Queen Anne, 15 ;
in Maryland, 28 ; and Quakers,
29 ; at Charleston, 31 ; Synod,
36; in Ulster, 60; wanted
control in Ireland and Eng-
land, 61 ; under William III,
62 ; criticised by Dr. King,
69 ; charges against, 71 ; split,
75

Prentice, Captain, 179

Pressley, David, 288

Pressley, William, 288
Prices of provisions, 159
Price's view, 150
Prince, Thomas, 83
Proctor, Edward, 258, 265
"Prosperity," ship, 323
Protestant tenantry, 55
Providence, 155
Pynner's Survey, 41

Quakers, 64 ; did not influence Scotch
Irish migration, 28 ; in Bally-
nacree, 252

Quig, John, 334, 335

Quinnebaug, 12

Quinton, Duncan, 192

Ramage, Thomas, 329
Ramsay, James, 327

John, 327

Thomas, 329
Ramsey, Hugh, 264
Randal, 255

Randolph, Edward, quoted, 25
Rankin, Hugh, 255, 264

James, 219, 236
Rasle, Father, 219
Rawlings, Philip, 321, 323
Ray, 294
Read, George, 323

John, 269
Records in Ulster, 337
Reed, Andrew, 279

Hugh, 121

Martha, 214
Reid, James, 264 ; noticed, 258
Rehoboth, 21, 22, 33, 36
Religious conditions in Ireland, un-
der William III, 61
Rent and tythes, 66
Rents in Ireland, 56
Regium Donum, suspended, 63
"Return," schooner, 320

ship, 323
"Revenge," 152
Rice, Gersham, 177

Jonas, 177
Richards, Arthur, 12

Charles, 155
Richardson, Thomas, 202
Richie, Francis, 329
Richey, Alexander, 325

Francis, 334

John, 264
Richmond, 282
Riddle, Hugh, 202
Riley, Elizabeth, 230, 236
"Rising Sun," ship, 31
Ritter, Daniel, 155

394

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Rivers, W. J., his South Carolina,

quoted, 286-287
Rivers, influence of, 307
Roan, 278
Robb. 282

John, 329
"Robert," brigantine, 135, 146, 149,
150, 319

ship, voyage of, 205, 206
Roberts, Mary, 214
Robey, John, 265
Robinson, 281

James, 335

William, 317
Roddy, James, 271
Rodger, 278

James, 327
Roe, Robert, 325
Rogers, Andrew, 231, 236

Elizabeth, 232, 236

Hugh, 327

Isabella, 232, 236

James, 232, 236, 264

John, 157, 320

Robert, 192

Thomas, 232, 236

William, 114
Roquelo coat, 174
Ross, 293

David, 229, 236

James, 231, 236

John, 232, 236, 327

Robert, 335

Samuel, 327
Ross family, 231, 236
Rossiter, W. S., referred to, 307, 308
Route, 224
Rowan, 282

Rowland, Robert, 231, 236
Roxbury, 155
Ruling elders, 339-377
"Runners," in Ireland, 268
Rupp, Isaac D., quoted, 280
Rutherford, Robert, 334

Rev. Robert, 116

Thomas, 278
Rutland, on map, 178 ; incorporated,

181 ; names of settlers, 191
Rutledge, Edward, 310
Ryan, Kennedy, 334

Sacramental test, 63

Sadsbury, Penn., 280

Sagatabscot Hill, 177

St. Lawrence, Joseph, 334

Salem, S. C, church at, 288

Salley, A. S., Jr., quoted, 287

Salmon fisheries, 51-52

Salmon Leap, 42 ; on map, 39 ; view

of, 53
Salter, 42

Salter, Grashinham, 321

Mary, 232, 236

Thomas, 232, 236
Sandford, 282
Sargent, W. M., 218
Saunders, 281
Savage, 191, 294

Edward, 192

Isaac, 334

James, 232, 237
Scarboro, 116

School in Boston, Little's, 172
Scotch Irish, 4 ; cleanliness, 5 ; Lee
on, 5 ; as farmers, 78 ; mean-
ing of the term, 309 ; ability
shown by, 309
Scott, 281, 282

Alexander, 156

Hugh, 272

John, 272

Patrick, 282

Robert, 335
Seating, committee on, 182
Seaton, James, 202

John, 202

Samuel, 202
Semple, 275

Mary, on the Bann Valley, 299
Senter, John, 265
Seton, John, 326
Settlements in 1776, 307
Sewall, Joseph, 83

Samuel, 84, 136, 244
Shadey, Thomas, 328
Sharpe, 282
Shaw. Samuel, 173, 174, 192

Seth, 193

William, 170; his will, 173
Sheales, John, 264
Shearer, James, 193
Shennen, 281
Sherrard, 280

William, 334
Shertwell, Mary, 230, 237
Ships from Ireland, 317
Shipway, John, 22
Shirley, 155
Shirley, John, 121, 122
Shirlow, William, 335
Shorswell, James, 329
Shrewsbury, 184
Shute, Samuel, Governor, 18, 203,

227 ; petition to, 324
Simonds, Joseph, 256, 261, 265
Simonson, Magnus, 282
Simonton, Andrew, 214

William, 214
Simpson, Peter, 327

William, 228, 237
Simson, Professor, 75

Andrew, 334
Sinclair, George, 335

William, 193

INDEX

395

Skinners, 42

Slamon, William, 325

Slarrow, Matthew, 102, 192, 329

Slemmons, William, 214, 325

Slemons, 210

Sloan. 282, 294

William, 192
Sloane, Robert, 334

Samuel, 334
Small Point, 204. 237
Smeally, John, 325
Smith, 281, 282
Alexander, 155
Aubia, 237

James, 155, 192, 196, 237, 239,
272, 328 ; his letter from Bal-
lykelly, 197
Jeremiah, 155, 247, 335 ; and his
mother, 51; life of, 266, 299;
education, 304
John. 114, 179, 206, 232, 237,

328, 335
Matthew, 196, 237
Patrick, 328
Robert, 193, 327
Samuel, 63, 82, 272, 327, 328,

335
Rev. Thomas, 208
William, 262, 264, 282, 303, 304
Smith family, 232, 237
Snoddey, 278
Snow Hill, 21, 26, 28, 33, 36; old

house at, 26
Somerset, Ireland, 53
Somerset County, Md., 21, 33 r Scotch

Irish in, 25
South, Scotch Irish of, 266
South Carolina, 169; Scotch Irish
in, 30-35, 285; hardships,
291, 292
Southack, Cyprian, 144 ; his map,

215, 216. 219
Spartanburg, 294
Spaulden, Andrew, 265
Spear, David, 220
Jean, 230, 237
John, 271
Robert, 271, 335
William, 192
Spectacle Island, 160, 163
Spence, John, 193
Spencer, 294

Spinning, in Ireland, 51 ; in Ameri-
ca, 51 ; wheels, 51 ; school,
305
Stackpole, Rev. B. S., 219, 228
Stafford, Luke, 322
Stanley, David, 334
Stanwood, David, 232
Jonas, 232
Samuel, 232
Stark, Archibald, 264
General John, 310

Steel, 280

David, 219, 237

James, 219, 237

Thomas, 140
Steele, Thomas, noticed, 256, 264
Steer, 281
Sterling, John, 183

Robert, 192
Sterrett, Benjamin, 272

James, 255, 264

John, 272
Stet, James, 334
Steuart, James, 327
Stevens, Mrs. Charles B., 131

Col. William, 22
Stevenson, James, 237
Stewart, 282

Rev. Hugh, 286

Ronald, 335

Walter, 201

William, 334
Stiles, 281

Ezra, President, 89, 117
Still, James, 326
Stinson, 191, 280

James, 237

John, 183, 184, 192, 237

Robert, 237
Stirling, Rev. John, 100, 197

John, 327

M'G., 327
Stiven, Robert, 329
Stobo, Rev. Archibald, 31, 285
Stockman, Hugh, 328
Stoddard, David, 159

John, 184
Storey, 280
Strabane, 80
Strawbridge, Rev. Thomas, 156

William, 156
Strobridge, William, 156
Stronge, Charles E. S., his home, 129

Pauline Marian, 129, 297
Stroudwater, 209, 210
Stuart, 288

Charles, 231, 237

Gordon, 271

Hanna, 231, 237

Henry, 231, 237

John, 201, 256, 264

Margaret, 156

Robert, 201

Samuel, 201, 231, 237
Sturgeon, 332
Sudbury, 155
Summeril, 282
Summersett, Maine, 331

as a Christian name, 217
Surnames in Ulster, 339-377
Sutherland, George, 170
Sutton, 113, 181
Swanan, Mr., 232

396

SCOTCH IEISH PIONEEES

Swift, Dean, on landlords, 19 ;

quoted, 44, 46
Sym, William, 288
Synod of Ulster, business of, 94-98
Synod records, 339

Tabb, James, 334
Tackels, Alexander, 193
Taggart, James, 155
Tailer, William, 237
Tailors, 306
Tanner, John, 334
Tantiusques, 143
Tappan, Sarah, 82
Tarbel, David, 329

Hugh, 329
Tark, Robert, 230, 237
Tate, James, 335

Rev. James, 101, 330
Tatt, James, 335
Taughboyne, 105, 111, 186, 207
Taylor, Humphrey, 230, 237

Rev. Isaac, 187, 223

James, 184

John, 272

Jonathan, 264

Matthew, 264

Rev. Nathaniel, 36
Teach, Captain, 152
Telford, John, 202
Temple, Robert, 142, 187, 210, 218,

334
Templeman, 280
Tenants, 19, 20
Tennent, Rev. William, 30, 279
Termont, 156
Test act, 15 ; use of, 63
Thackeray, W. M., on Coleraine, 99
Theobalds, John, 269
Thien, Alexander, 174
Thorn, Mrs., 257
Thomas, Archibald, 334

David, 191

Mary, 233, 237

Samuel, 184
"Thomas & Jane," ship, 317
Thompson, 278, 294

Misses, of Cullycapple, 121

Adam, 328

Archibald, 155

Archibald, and spinning wheels,
51

James, 327, 328

Jeremiah, 330

John, 330, 334

Jonathan, 328

Peter, 237, 330

Robert, 328

William, 264
Thomson, Archibald, 336

George, 328

Rev. James, 102, 330

Thomson, John, 122, 193, 325, 328
Robert, 193

Thorn, Mary, 232, 237
Thomas, 232, 237

Thornbury, 281

Thornton, James, 183, 184, 191, 238
Matthew, 310
Samuel, 283

"Three Anns and Mary," 156

Tillage bill, 45, 48

Tobacco trade, 58

Toboyne, Penn., 272

Tod, Laurence, 328

Todd, Andrew, 264
Daniel, 329

Toler, William, 334

Toleration act, 15, 64

Tom, John, 155, 335

Tomb, Archibald, 335

Tomson, Hugh, 326

Tonson, James, 327

Topham, Walter, 335

Torrence, Hugh, 127

Town names, list of, 339

Towns, Irish, having records, 337

Townsend, Rev. Jonathan, 196

Tracy, Patrick, 334

Traill, Rev. William, 22

Tregoweth, Thomas, 238

Trevor, Lord, 48

Trinity, 64

Trinity Church, Boston, 175

Trotter, James, 325

"Truth and Daylight," galley, 318

Tufts, Mrs. Henry F., 258

Turk, John, 335

Turner, Alexander, 184
Thomas, 127

Tuttle, Julius H., 207

Tweed, David, 335

Tyrconnel, Earl of, 13

Tythes, 65

U

Ulster, extent, 1 • climate, 2 ; houses,
2-3 ; population, 4 ; under
James II, 13 ; under Queen
Anne, 15; in 1698, 15; under
George I, 17 ; economic condi-
tions, chapter 3 ; disease and
drought, 43 ; political and re-
ligious conditions, chapter 4 ;
under Queen Anne, 64 ; and
curates, 68 ; map of, 103

Ulster Journal of Archaeology, 340

Ulsterman, 313

Unitarianism in Ulster, 72

Union County, 293

Upper Marlborough, 33, 36

Upper Octorara church, 282

Valley Forge, 275
Vance, 294

INDEX

39T

Vanhorne, John, 269
Vaudreuil, Marquis de, 244
Vernon, 294
Vincent, John, 238

William, 228
Vintners, 42

Vital records in Ulster, 337
Voluntown, 114
Voyage, the Atlantic, 151

W

Waite, Robert, 156
Wakefield, John, 321
Waldron, Richard, 257, 265
Walker, Alexander, 261, 264

Benjamin, 141

Rev. George, at Derry, 14

James, 325

John, 141, 335

Nathaniel, 200

Patrick, 334, 335

Robert, 325, 327

Thomas, 157

William, 191, 325
Wall, Caleb, 180
Wallace, 278

John, 264; noticed, 258

William, 8, 9, 125
Wallas, Thomas, 329

William, 329
Wallis, Daniel, 238

James, 25, 230, 238

John, 25, 232, 238

Matthew, 25

Matthias, 191

Oliver, 183

Robert, 232, 238
Wallis family, 232, 238
Walsh, Nathaniel, 334
Walworth, 42
Ward, 229, 238

Obadiah, 177
Wardlaw, 294
Ware, Mass., 193
Warnings, 229
Watson, 281

Andrew, 326, 328

Joseph, 325

Matthew, 155, 239

William, 192
Watt, Andrew, 140, 320

Luke, 329

Samuel, 329
Watts, Alexander, 335

John, 334, 335
Waugh, Joseph, 202
Waxhaws, 292
Wear, Robert, 248, 249, 251,

329 ; noticed, 255
Webb, 281
Welch, John, 229, 238

Thomas, 114

264,

Wells. 294

Rev. John, 174
Wendell, Barrett, 118
Wentworth, Benning, 248, 257, 265
Westboro, 155
Western, 155

Westminster Confession, 75
West-running Brook, 242, 243, 247,

252
Wheeler's Brunswick, 220, 222
Wheelwright, John, 248, 257, 265
Whippie, Allen, 335
White, Mrs. Charles F., 258

David, 335

Rev. Fulk, to teach Hebrew, 70

Hugh, 278

John, 22

Rev. John, 83

Rev. John, of Dorchester, Eng-
land, 8

Moses, 271, 279

Patrick, 335

William, 156
White Clay Creek, 30, 89
Whitehill, 275
Whitley, John, 334
Wicomico, 21, 28, 33
Widborn, David, 329
Wiggins, John, 278
Wight, John, 329

Joseph, 330
Wiley, 282
Wilie, Robert, 335
Wilkin, 282
Wilkins, Peter, 271

Robert, 271
"William," ship, 135, 146, 149, 150,

320
"William and Mary," ship, 132, 319
William III, 15
Williams, Benjamin, 264

Peter, 334
Williamsburg colony, 287, 288
Williamson, William, 335
Willis, James, 335

William, 228
Willison, Rev. John, 174
Willson, Alexander, 170

Benjamin, 264

David, 328, 330

James, 327

John, 328

Robert, 330

Thomas, 122, 264

William, 264
Wilson, 278, 282, 294

Alexander, 335

David, 288

James, 155, 228, 238, 264

Jean, 231, 238

John, 133, 319

Capt. John, 194

Rev. John, 36

398

SCOTCH IRISH PIONEERS

Wilson, Rachel, 300
Roger, 288

Robert, 155. 264, 288, 335
Robert, merchant, 32
Samuel, 102, 328
Thomas, 327, 328
Rev. Thomas, 22
William, 82, 134, 149, 288, 317,
327, 328
Windham, N. EL, 112
Winthrop, Governor, 132, 139

Wait, 12
Wiscasset, 155
Witherspoon, 293
Gavin, 288

John, 286, 288; his voyage, 291
Robert, 291
Woburn, 155
Wood, John, 155
Woodburn, George, 232, 238
Woodburn family, 232, 238
Woodford, John, 264
Woods, Catherine, her spinning, 51 ;

Mrs. Martha, 100
Woodside, Rev. James, 94, 99, 131,
142, 144, 166, 209, 241 ; Math-
er's letter to, 109 ; at Bruns-
wick, 220-227 ; his own story,
225

Woodside, William, 224

Woolen in 1698, 15

Worcester, settlement, 177 ; on map,

178 ; site of Presbyterian

meeting house, 180, 181 ;

seating, 182 ; cemetery, 186 ;

names of settlers, 188 ; their

character, 195
Work, Joseph, 272

Robert, 336
Wright, 294
Wylie, 293

Yamassee lands, 286, 287
York, Samuel, 238, 325
"York Merchant," ship, 317
Young, 293, 294

Arthur, on emigration and man-
ufactures, 55
Anthony, 269

David, 183, 191 ; his grave-
stone, 186
John, 169, 191, 229, 232, 238,

335 ; his gravestone, 186
Rev. Samuel, 100, 282
Young family, 232, 238

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